일개 내과 의원을 방문한 고혈압 환자의 고혈압 질환에 대한 인지도

공은희,최종순 KOSIN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE 2006 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.21 No.1

Background : Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease and coronary artery disease. Awareness of hypertension by patients is important in controlling of the disease. The purpose of this study was to compare awareness regarding hypertension by demographic and socio-economic status of the patients. Methods : This study involved 71 hypertensive patients who visited a physician's out-patient clinic from November 1 to November 30, 2005. All subjects were drawn up a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and awareness of hypertension, and compared by age, sex, education and economic status. Results : The correct rate to the questions concerning 'cause of hypertension' and 'protection of hypertension' were significantly higher in men(P<0.05). The correct rate to the questions concerning 'blood pressure need to be once checked per day', 'anti-hypertensive medication should be taken for life' and 'weight control is essential' were significantly different by the age(P<0.05). It was significantly different that the questions about 'blood pressure check one per day', 'cause of hypertension', 'symptom of hypertension', 'regular anti-hypertensive medication', and 'modification of life style' were correctly answered by the high level of education(P<0.05). Conclusion : In order to correct wrong awareness of hypertension, the necessity of developing special program to achieve better compliance of hypertensive patients is mandatory.

美가 米를 죽인다

공은희 덕성여자대학교 1996 근맥 Vol.32 No.-

성인 여성에서 비알코올성 지방간의 중증도에 따른 대사증후군 관련성

공은희 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.2

Background: The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the grade of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases diagnosed by ultrasonography and the metabolic syndrome defined by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) guideline. Methods: A total of 198 women who visited a health promotion center from January, 2007 to December, 2008 were selected for this study. The ultrasound scan of the liver was performed to determine the presence and the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver and risk categories of metabolic syndrome using NCEP-ATP III guideline were analysed. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 19.2% in women with non-alcoholic fatty livers. When odds ratios(95% CI) for metabolic syndrome in groups with moderate and severe non-alcoholic fatty livers were compared to that of group with mild non-alcoholic fatty livers, there was an increased risk of metabolic syndrome with an odds ratio of 2.24(1.31∼4.41). Conclusion: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was closely related to the metabolic syndrome in healthy women and the severity classification of non-alcoholic fatty liver by ultrasound scan could be useful to predict of the severity of insulin resistance and the risk of metabolic syndrome

고혈압 교육 자료에 대한 건강 문해력

공은희,최종순 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.1

Background : In order to achieve adequate blood pressure control, it is important for hypertensive patients to understand well and actually follow the doctor's prescription and instructions on how to modify their lifestyle. The purpose of this study is to provide help for hypertension treatment and patient education through an analysis on the health literacy regarding educational materials on hypertension. Methods : We conducted survey of 65 non-hypertensive patients who visited an outpatient clinic of primary care practice from Nov. 1, 2005 to Jan. 31, 2006. We educated them about the hypertension, using the educational materials provided by The Korean Academy of Family Medicine, and then surveyed them with a questionnaire about definition, symptom, diagnosis, complications, remedy, and misunderstanding of hypertension. Results : The correct answer rate to a questionnaire was high in overall. In terms of gender, men showed higher correct answer rate than women for 19 questions among 25. In terms of age, those in their forties showed the highest correct answer rate, while those in equal or lower than thirties showed the lowest rate. Also, in terms of education level, university graduates showed the highest correct answer rate, followed by high school graduates and middle school graduates. Conclusion : In terms of socio-demographic characteristics the results were as follows. There was no difference among genders. Also, health literacy level was shown the highest among those in forties as well as those with higher education level.

건강한 성인 남녀에서 폐기능과 고감도 C-반응성단백질 관련성

공은희 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.2

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) with pulmonary function as forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1) within the normal range of predicted FEV1(%). Methods: The data was analyzed in healthy adult, who had visited a health promotion center at a university hospital from January, 2007 to July, 2009. Elevated hs-CRP(≥2.2 mg/L) level in relation to the values of predicted FEV1(%) as pulmonary function was studied by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: In this cross-sectional study, there was an inverse association between hs-CRP levels and quartiles of predicted FEV1(%) in healthy adults.(P for trend=0.02 in men, P for trend<0.001 in women) The odds ratios of having elevated hs-CRP(≥2.2 mg/L) across predicted FEV1(%) quartiles, with the highest quartile(Q1) as the basal group, was 3.8(95% CI, 1.1∼3.1) in men, 4.3(95% CI, 1.1∼15.1) in women after adjusting for the confounding variables. Conclusion: The decline of predicted FEV1(%) within the normal range was inversely associated with low grade inflammation as measured by hs-CRP in healthy adults. This result showed that systemic inflammation may be linked to early impaired pulmonary function in healthy adults.

위암환자에서 GAGE 유전자의 발현과 임상적 의미

공은희,장희경 고신대학교(의대) 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 2005 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.20 No.1

Background : There is still little information on the function of GAGE gene in the stomach cancer except for cancer-specific gene expression recognized by autologous T lymphocytes. This study attempted to evaluate GAGE mRNA expression to elucidate its functional role in the carcinohistogenesis and clinical implication in gastric cancer. Materials and Method : Tumor and non-neoplastic paired samples from 60 patients with gastric cancer were studied by using reverse transcription - nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with common primer. Results : No expression of GAGE was observed in non-neoplastic tissues. Fifteen out of 60 tumor tissues expressed GAGE (25.0%) mRNA, of which 13 cases (86.7%) were intestinal type and only 2 cases (13.3%) were diffuse type. GAGE expressions in cancer tissues have a significant tendency to be higher by stage and lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). However, they did not show significant relationship with tumor cell differentiation and vascular and perineural invasions. Conclusions : This results suggest that GAGE gene might have an important role in the development and progression of intestinal type of stomach cancer and GAGE gene may be a useful molecule for target of cancer-specific immunotherapy.

노인요양시설 간호제공자를 위한 웹기반 억제대 사용 감소 교육 프로그램 개발과 평가

공은희 노인간호학회 2012 노인간호학회지 Vol.14 No.3

Effects of L-ascorbic acid on the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes

공은희,마선영,정지영,김광혁 고신대학교(의대) 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 2015 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.30 No.1

Objective: The imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may underlie different pain states. Although ascorbic acid is the most important physiological antioxidant that affects host defense mechanisms and immune homeostasis, there is limited information on the effects of ascorbic acid on the production of cytokines. Methods: In this study, we investigated the in vitro effect of L-ascorbic acid (AA) on the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines by stimulating C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes with the polyclonal activators lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A. Results: AA significantly downregulated the expression of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α at 48 h and 72 h in mouse splenocytes treated with a combination of polyclonal activators and AA. AA treatment also resulted in upregulation of IL-4 and IL-10 at 72 h. These findings demonstrated that AA significantly potentiated production of anti-inflammatory cytokines whereas there was an inverse association between AA and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse splenocytes. Conclusion: AA may have potential applications in the reduction of inflammatory pain because of its function in modulating the production of cytokines. However, further in vivo investigations are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms involved.

Nursing Staff Views of Barriers to Physical Restraint Reduction in Nursing Homes

공은희,Lois K. Evans 한국간호과학회 2012 Asian Nursing Research Vol.6 No.4

Purpose: There are few studies globally regarding the barriers to restraint-reduction. The purpose of this study was to describe the views of nursing staff (both nurses and geriatric care assistants) regarding the barriers to reducing physical restraint use in Korean nursing homes. Methods: Forty registered nurse and geriatric care assistant informants participated in the first round of interviews and 16 of them participated in second confirmatory interviews. All interviews were conducted on site, one-on-one and face-to-face, using semi-structured interview protocols. Qualitative descriptive method was used and qualitative content analysis was employed. Results: Six themes were identified: (a) being too busy, (b) lack of resources, (c) beliefs and concerns, (d) lack of education, (e) differences and inconsistencies, and (f) relationship issues. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide a valuable basis for developing restraint reduction education programs. Korean national leaders and nursing homes should develop and employ practice guidelines regarding restraints, support nursing staff to follow the guidelines, provide more practical and professional education, employ alternative equipment, use a multidisciplinary team approach, and engage volunteers in care support as well as employ more nursing staff to achieve restraint-free care. Purpose: There are few studies globally regarding the barriers to restraint-reduction. The purpose of this study was to describe the views of nursing staff (both nurses and geriatric care assistants) regarding the barriers to reducing physical restraint use in Korean nursing homes. Methods: Forty registered nurse and geriatric care assistant informants participated in the first round of interviews and 16 of them participated in second confirmatory interviews. All interviews were conducted on site, one-on-one and face-to-face, using semi-structured interview protocols. Qualitative descriptive method was used and qualitative content analysis was employed. Results: Six themes were identified: (a) being too busy, (b) lack of resources, (c) beliefs and concerns, (d) lack of education, (e) differences and inconsistencies, and (f) relationship issues. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide a valuable basis for developing restraint reduction education programs. Korean national leaders and nursing homes should develop and employ practice guidelines regarding restraints, support nursing staff to follow the guidelines, provide more practical and professional education, employ alternative equipment, use a multidisciplinary team approach, and engage volunteers in care support as well as employ more nursing staff to achieve restraint-free care.

Low Bone Mass Related with Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Woman

공은희,이지영,주일우,김흥열,정민형,최훈 대한골다공증학회 2010 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.8 No.1

A 39-year-old female had intermittent dyspepsia for 1 year. She was not a current smoker or an alcohol abuser. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed erosive gastritis; the histologic diagnosis of the gastric mucosa was active gastritis with Helicobacter pylori infection. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry confirmed marked osteopenia at Wards’ region of the left femur; the bone mineral density was 0.605 g/cm2 and the Z-score was -1.8 (69%). The serum C-telopeptide was 0.259 ng/mL and the serum osteocalcin was 10.24 ng/mL. There were no significant muscle weakness, tenderness, or no joint abnormalities. It is required to consider as a secondary cause of osteopenia in patients with H. pylori infection in stomach and is essential to measure bone mineral density.