은행 설립 제도의 법ㆍ제도적인 개선 방향

고동원(高東源, Ko, Dong Won) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2008 성균관법학 Vol.20 No.3S

A bank entry system in a country is a very important issue in respect of enhancement of competitiveness of a bank industry, which will affect the financial industry and system overall. In Korea, a bank entry is regulated by the Financial Services Commission (the "FSC"), the regulatory and policy-making authority in Korea. In other words, a person who intends to establish a bank requires authorization from the FSC, satisfying certain requirements prescribed by the Bank Act and the regulations thereof. In respect of the authorization procedure, an authorization is divided into two steps: preliminary authorization and final authorization. This article seeks to analyze certain legal issues in relation to such a bank entry system and to suggest some improvement measures. First, under the current relevant law and regulations, it is unclear who would be an applicant in applying for the authorization. There are three divided arguments: (i) a company to become a bank, (ii) a representative promoter in a bank, or (iii) the largest shareholder of a bank. Among those arguments, a company to become a bank is regarded as an appropriate applicant under the current law and regulations, although the other methods have some reasonable grounds, too. Second, there is no clear definition for clarifying the difference between a nationwide bank and a regional bank under the relevant law and regulations, which needs to be rectified. Third, there is no provision in respect of the procedure for a regional bank to be converted into a nationwide bank; so a new procedure for changing the authorization needs to be added. Fourth, the current authorization requirements applicable to the conversion into a bank from a non-bank financial institution, such as a securities company and a mutual savings bank, should be reviewed for clarification. In relation to the prospects of and tasks for improvement of the bank entry system, this article strongly argues for taking the policy to pursue deregulation of the bank entry system in order to enhance the competitiveness of the bank industry in Korea. In addition, the transparency in the authorization requirements and the simplification of the documents to be submitted to the FSC need to be implemented. Finally, this article suggests the introduction of an internet primary bank as one of the policy for the deregulation of the bank entry system and makes a legal analysis of plausible problems in such an introduction.

어린이보호구역 내 도로 및 교통안전시설이 보행자 교통사고에 미치는 영향 분석: 공간포아송모형을 이용하여

고동원(Dong-Won Ko),박승훈(Seung-Hoon Park) 한국콘텐츠학회 2021 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.21 No.11

어린이는 행동적, 신체적 특성상 성인보다 교통사고에 노출될 가능성이 높기 때문에 안전한 보행환경을 조성하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이에 이 연구에서는 교통사고분석시스템(TAAS)에서 제공하는 2016-2018년 서울시 보행자 교통사고 자료로 공간포아송 모형을 활용하여 어린이보호구역 주변 보행자 교통사고에 영향을 미치는 도로 및 교통안전시설의 특성을 분석했다. 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어린이보호구역 내 교차로가 많고 근린도로 비율이 높을수록 보행자 교통사고 발생 위험이 높아진다. 둘째, 보행자 작동신호기는 보행자 교통사고 발생을 줄이는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 이 연구에서 고려한 교통안전시설 중 보행자 작동신호기를 제외하고는 어떠한 교통안전시설도 보행자 교통사고 위험을 줄이는 데 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 물리적 시설의 개선뿐만 아니라 교통안전교육 등 비물리적 요인이 뒷받침 된다면 어린이보호구역 내 보행자 교통사고 감소 효과는 더욱 극대화될 것으로 기대된다. It is very important to build a safe walking environment for children because children are more likely to be exposed to traffic accidents than adults due to their behavioral and physical characteristics. Therefore, this study analyzed the characteristics of road and transportation safety facilities that affect pedestrian traffic accidents around school zones using spatial poisson regression. The pedestrian-vehicle crash data in Seoul 2016-2018 was provided by the Traffic Accident Analysis System(TAAS). The main analysis results are as follow; First, the more intersections and the higher percentage of neighborhood roads in the school zone, the higher the risk of pedestrian traffic accidents. Second, the pedestrian push button was found to reduce the occurrence of pedestrian traffic accidents. Third, except for the pedestrian push button, none of the transportation safety facilities considered in this study were effective in reducing the risk of pedestrian traffic accidents. On the other hand, if not only the improvement of physical facilities but also non-physical factors such traffic safety education are supported, the effect for reducing traffic pedestrian traffic accidents in the school zone is expected to be further maximized.

證券會社의 派生金融商品 去來 規制에 관한 法的 考察

고동원(Dong-Won Ko) 한국비교사법학회 2005 比較私法 Vol.12 No.2

It is noted that recently the size of financial derivative transactions in worldwide and domestically has been rapidly increasing and is expected to increase continually. Since financial derivative products have a high risk in themselves although they are used for hedging risks of underlying assets, it would be necessary to regulate financial derivative transactions conducted by, in particular, financial institutions. Therefore, this article is intended to review the regulations imposed on securities companies in Korea in connection with their financial derivative transaction activities under the relevant laws and regulations, such as the Securities and Exchange Act ("SEA") and its regulations, and the Foreign Exchange Transaction Act ("FETA") and its regulations, to analyze some legal problematic issues and to recommend some measures to boost securities companies' financial derivative activities. Under the SEA and its regulations, securities companies are allowed to directly conduct stock options and stock-index options, and through a futures company, to engage in other types of futures transactions on the futures exchange; and in addition, securities companies satisfying certain requirements such as minimum equity capital of 100 billion Won and obtaining of all three types of securities business licenses (i.e. dealing, brokerage and underwriting) from the regulators have been allowed to engage in OTC financial derivative transactions since July 2002, further including credit derivatives since March 2005. According to the FETA and its regulations, securities companies are also permitted to engage in certain limited foreign exchange-related OTC financial derivative transactions, but excluding foreign exchanged-related credit derivatives. This article, however, in order to activate securities companies' financial derivative business as one of measures to promote the securities industry, suggests that the requirements (the minimum equity amount and the three securities business licenses) for engaging in OTC financial derivative transactions should be abolished as soon as possible, and foreign exchange-related credit derivatives should be also permitted to securities companies, considering that it would be essential to boost financial derivative markets and the demand for credit derivatives is expected to increase according to the soon-to-be implementation of the new Basel Accord Ⅱ in Korea.

연구논문 : 2015년 개정「신용정보의 이용 및 보호에 관한 법률」에 관한 법적 검토

고동원 ( Dong Won Ko ) 한국금융정보학회 2015 금융정보연구 Vol.4 No.2

이 글은 2015년 3월 개정되고 2015년 9월부터 시행되는 .신용정보의 이용 및 보호에 관한 법률.(“신용정보법”)을 법적인 면에서 검토하고 개선 방안을 제시하고 있다. 이 글이 제시하는 주요 개선 방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째,신용정보법이 완전한 특별법으로서 금융기관에 적용되도록 할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 개정법상의 신용정보 집중체계의 개편 방향은 바람직하지 않아 현행 체계가 유지되어야 한다고 본다. 셋째, 신용조회회사의 부수 업무및 겸업 업무 금지도 바람직한 방향은 아니어서 재검토해야 한다. 넷째, 신용정보 제공 시 개별적 동의를 얻도록 하는 것은 규제의 부담과 고객의 불편을 초래하므로 바람직하지 않다. 다섯째, 신용정보회사 등에 대한 과징금 부과 제도의 도입과 관련하여 신용정보 유출자 개인에 대한 과징금 제도도 도입되어야 하며,징수된 과징금은 피해자 기금으로 쓰여야 하고, 과징금 부과 절차의 공정성과 투명성을 확보하기 위해서 청문 절차가 의무화 되어야 한다. 여섯째, 징벌적 손해 배상 책임 제도의 도입은 남용 가능성이 있어 부작용이 더 클 수 있으므로 재검토할 필요가 있다. 일곱째, 유출된 개인신용정보가 불특정 다수에 의한 접근 가능성이 있을 때만 손해 발생이 인정되도록 손해 배상 책임 요건을 제한할 필요가 있다. The big event that credit information of a huge number of individual customers held by three credit card companies leaked in early 2014 led to the environment of enforcing the measures to protect the credit information. In this connection, in March 2015, the Act on Use and Protection of Credit Information (hereinafter "UPCIA"), a relevant law in relation to credit information protection, was comprehensively revised, and the amendments will take into effective from September 2015, except for certain provisions to be effective in March 2016. This article is intended to review the 2015 amendments and to suggest some recommendations. First, the UPCIA should be an exclusive statute to regulate financial institutions as users and suppliers of credit information because under the current system, financial institutions are subject to other relevant laws, such as the “Personal Information Protection Act” and the “Act on Promotion of Use and Protection of Personal Information on Information Communication Networks”, so that it causes much burden in terms of regulatory compliance. Second, the current scheme for a public credit registry operated by the Korea Federation of Banks should be maintained because the newly licensing scheme for establishing a separate public credit registry would not be expected to operate more effectively. Third, the scope of concurrent business and incidental business of a credit bureau company should be expanded. Fourth, officers of financial institutions should be permitted to serve as a designated “credit information protection and management person”. Fifth, newly individual consent scheme for provision of credit information to the third party needs to be converted into a global consent system, because the former scheme may cause inconvenience to customers as well as burden to financial institutions. Sixth, a credit bureau company``s direct access to public information should be allowed. Seventh, a newly launched financial penalty scheme against financial institutions and credit bureau companies whose employees are involved in information leakage should also be applicable to involved individual employees, the procedure of imposing financial penalty should be reformed as enhancing fairness and transparency by adopting mandatory hearings, and a new fund whose sources are from financial penalty needs to be set up and should be used to remedy damaged customers. Eighth, the newly introduced scheme of punitive damages due to information leakage should be reconsidered in that such new system may cause its excessive abuse, giving rise to much burden to financial institutions as well as credit bureaus and may operate as an ineffective system. Overall, the 2015 amendments are believed to give too much emphasis on the protection of credit information, although it might be desirable to maintain a balance between protection and use of credit information. Therefore, the newly introduced systems need to be revisited in terms of aiming at more effective credit information market and industry.

근린환경이 서울시 대기오염물질에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

고동원(Ko, Dong Won),박승훈(Park, Seung Hoon) 한국지역개발학회 2019 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.31 No.1

It is understood that air pollutants have a negative impact on human health and the quality of life. Therefore, it is essential to explore the determinants of urban air pollutants in the neighborhood in which we live. However, few studies have investigated the fine particulate matter(PM2.5), which has been seriously discussed recently. Therefore, this study aims to identify the influences of neighborhood built environment on air pollutants including NO₂, SO₂, O₃ as well as PM2.5. Air pollutant data was based on the yearly average value of 2014 provided by Seoul Air Quality Information. As a result of the Moran’s I test, spatial autocorrelation was not detected and the general regression model was employed. The main results are as follows; the influences of built environment differ depending on air pollutants. SO₂ and O₃ were high in the neighborhood with many industrial areas. PM2.5 and NO₂ were high in the neighborhood with main roads and average total floor area of commercial areas. but low in the neighborhood with more multi-family housing. Street trees had a negative association with SO₂, while the bus stations had a positive relationship. This study will be helpful to establish urban planning and environmental policies and interventions to build eco-friendly and healthy Seoul city.

회계윤리의 동기와 행동개발을 위한 철학적 모델

高東元(Ko, Dong-won) 한국전통상학회 2006 韓國傳統商學硏究 Vol.20 No.2

This paper reviews the literature on ethic education in accounting and utilizes Thorne's Model(Integrated Model of Ethical Decision Making). The paper emphasizes a need to further explore ways of enhancing moral motivation. To increase accounting student's moral motivation, the paper recommends exhorting students to good behavior, pointing out that they are masters of their moral selves, and encouraging them to take pride in their profession. The paper also advocates the use of accounting exemplars to helps instill moral virtues in accounting students.

은행 경영지배구조의 법·제도적 문제점과 개선 방향

高東源(Dong Won Ko) 한국증권법학회 2007 증권법연구 Vol.8 No.2

창조 금융의 활성화를 위한 법적 과제

고동원(Ko Dong Won) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2016 성균관법학 Vol.28 No.3

이 글은 2013년 출범한 박근혜 정부가 추진하는 창조 경제를 위한 창조 금융의 활성화 과제를 살펴보는 데 있다. 창조 금융에서 핵심적인 것은 기술이나 지식재산권을 보유한 창업 혁신 기업이 필요한 자금을 쉽게 조달할 수 있도록 하는 것이다. 이에 따라 이 글은 기술 및 지식재산권 금융의 활성화를 위한 법적ㆍ정책적 개선 방안을 제시하고 있다. 법적 개선 과제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기술 담보 대출의 활성화를 위해서 「동산ㆍ채권 등의 담보에 관한 법률」에 기술을 담보권대상으로 명시적으로 규정하여야 한다. 둘째, 「자산유동화에 관한 법률」상의 자산 보유자의 범위를 “신용도가 우량한 법인”에서 “일반 법인”으로 확대하여 기술 또는 지식재산권 보유 기업도 이 법에 근거한 자산 유동화를 할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 셋째, 신탁회사가 기술을 신탁받을 수 있도록 「자본시장과 금융투자업에 관한 법률」상 신탁재산의 범위를 열거하는 대신에 “특정 재산”이라고 하여야 한다. 넷째, ‘기술신용정보’의 개념에 포함된 ‘기술 평가’를 별도의 독자적인 ‘기술평가업’으로 분리하여 인가제나 등록제로 하여야 한다. 다섯째, 종합신용정보집중기관이 영위하고 있는 기술 정보의 수집ㆍ집중ㆍ관리 업무에 있어서 기술 정보의 수집 대상 기관에 기술과 지식재산권 보유 기업 및 연구기관을 포함시켜야 한다. 여섯째, 투자 중심의 기술 금융을 육성하기 위해서 은행이나 증권회사 등 금융기관이 기술이나 지식재산권 보유 기업에 대한 지분 투자를 활발하게 할 필요가 있으며, 이를 위해서 「은행법」을 개정하여 기술이나 지식재산권 보유 기업에 대하여 의결권 있는 주식 15%를 초과해서 출자할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 일곱째, 지식재산권 보유 기업이 파산하더라도 지식재산권 사용권자가 해당 지식재산권을 계속 사용하도록 함으로써 지식재산권의 가치를 유지시키기 위해서 「채무자 회생 및 파산에 관한 법률」에 특례 제도를 도입할 필요가 있다. 한편, 이 글이 제시하는 정책 과제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기술 및 지식재산권 금융이 활성화되기 위해서는 효율적인 기술 및 지식재산권 평가 체제 구축과 더불어 기술 및 지식재산권의 거래가 활발히 이루어지는 시장과 이를 운영하는 기술 및 지식재산권 거래소가 필요하고, 이를 위한 기술이나 지식재산권 전문 기업이나 신탁회사를 육성하는 정책이 필요하다. 둘째, 장기적인 관점에서 대출 중심이 아닌 투자 중심의 기술 및 지식재산권 금융 정책이 바람직하므로 이를 위해서 은행 및 증권회사 등 금융기관이 기술이나 지식재산권 기업에 대한 지분 투자를 활성화하기 위한 정책이 필요하고, 더 나아가서 일반 투자자들의 집합투자기구를 통한 간접 투자 활성화를 위해서 세제 혜택 부여 방안이 마련되어야 한다. This article is intended to review a legal framework for enhancing creative finance, which supports a creative economy, one of major agenda that the current Park Geun Hye Administration has pursued. The creative finance may be defined as financing for start-up companies or small- and medium-sized innovative companies whose main assets consist of technology or intellectual property ( IP ). Thus, this article focuses on the area of technology finance and IP finance, among the fields relating to creative finance. The current Government has taken major measures to boost technology finance and IP finance. The Financial Services Commission, a relevant government commission, among others, has implemented the measures setting up a technology data base system and a technology credit bureau scheme, which enable financial institutions to extend their credits to such start-up innovative companies. However, this articles believes that more tasks need to be taken in order to enhance creative finance. Therefore, this article suggests the following improvements in terms of legal and policy aspects. First, technology should be specified into the scope of IP rights under the Act Concerning Collateral of Movable Property and Claims in order to enable technology to be included in the category of collateral by filing to the relevant authority. Second, the scope of underlined asset owners in asset-backed securitization transactions under the Asset-Backed Securitization Act should be extended to general companies, including start-up innovative companies, deviated from the current high-credit rating companies. Third, the scope of trust assets entrusted by a trustee company under the Capital Market Services Act should be extended to technology assets in order to activate technology finance through trust transactions. Fourth, a separate technology credit business should be set up rather than the current scheme of combining technology credit information with general credit information. Fifth, commercial banks should be encouraged to invest in start-up companies by increasing the current 15% ceiling of owning shares with voting rights in such companies under the Bank Act. Sixth, the collective investment scheme investing in start-up innovative companies need to be improved to encourage individual investors to invest in such companies by providing tax benefits to investors. Seventh, it is necessary to implement the policy for setting up the infrastructure of exchange markets for technology and IP and an exchange for operating such markets by boosting participants in the exchange market, such as non-practicing entity (NPE) companies specializing in IP administration as well as trustee companies in charge of managing entrusted technology and IP.

지방자치단체 사회복지시설 운영의 효율성 분석

고동원(Dong-Won Ko) 한국콘텐츠학회 2011 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.11 No.9

지방자치제도의 도입은 지역주민의 요구에 따른 공공서비스의 효율적 공급을 가능하게 하였다. 특히, 자치단체는 지역주민의 복지증진을 위한 다양한 정책과 많은 예산을 편성하는 등의 노력을 하고 있으나, 사회복지 재정의 효율적 사용과 운영에는 상대적으로 관심을 적게 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점에 따라 본 연구는 전국 16개 광역 자치단체의 사회복지시설 운영의 효율성을 측정하기 위해 자료포락분석(DEA)을 실시하였다. 투입변수는 1인당지역내총생산, 일반회계중복지예산비율, 재정자립도, 만명당사회복지전담공무원수, 산출변수로는 유아천명당보육시설수, 10만명당사회복지시설수, 천명당공원면적으로 하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자치단체별 사회복지시설의 효율성에 격차가 있었다. 7개 자치단체가 비효율적이었으며, 부산과 충남이 상대적으로 효율성이 낮게 나타났다. 둘째, 규모수익불변인 DMU는 9개 자치단체이며, 인천, 광주, 강원은 투입요소의 규모를 늘려 각 자치단체의 효율성을 증가시켜야 하며, 부산, 충남, 경남, 경북은 투입요소의 효율성 향상방안을 수립하여야 하는 것으로 나타났다. For introduction of local autonomy system, local government enabled efficient supply of public service by local resident's request. Specially, local governments is doing effort of that organize various policy and a lot of budgets for social welfare promotion, but is interested relatively little in efficient use of social welfare finance and operation. According to these problem, this study measured efficiency of social welfare facility in local governments. The purpose of this analysis is to measure the efficiency of community welfare in local governments by data envelopment analysis(DEA), using data from 16 local governments in Korea. Input variance is GDP per capita in local, rate of welfare budget, rate of financial independence and local public official per 10,000 capita. Output variance is social welfare facility per 100,000 capita and park area per 1,000 capita, The results of the study are summarized as follows : First, There was differential in efficiency about social welfare facilities operation in local governments. 7 local governments(Busan, etc.) was an in efficiency . Second, some local governments(Incheon, etc.) must increase scale of input variance, and some local governments(Busan, etc.) must improve efficiency of input variance.

근린환경특성과 도시열섬현상과의 상호관계에 관한 연구

고동원(Ko, Dong-Won),박승훈(Park, Seung-Hoon) 한국도시설계학회 2019 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.20 No.3

도시열섬현상은 도시의 지표면온도 증가뿐만 아니라 생물의 다양성을 감소시키는 등 환경적 측면에서 상당한 악영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 도시열섬현상은 도시민의 일상생활 및 삶의 질에도 악영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 도시열섬현상을 저감할 수 있는 노력이 필요하고 이를 위한 정책연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 서울시의 물리적 환경특성 및 인구 및 사회 · 경제적 특성을 포함한 근린환경특성과 도시열섬의 연관성을 분석하였다. 공간정보시스템을 활용하여 Landsat8 고해상도 위성영상 자료를 기반으로 도시열섬을 측정하였다. Moran’s I Test 결과 서울시 내 행정동간 도시열섬현상은 공간적 자기상관성을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 공간적 자기상관성을 통제할 수 있는 공간계량모형을 사용하여 연구를 진행하였다. 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 인구밀도, 주거지역 비율, 버스정류장 밀도는 도시열섬현상에 부정적 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 나타났다. 반면에 주거용 건물 연면적, NDVI는 도시열섬현상을 완화하는 주요 요인으로 나타났다. 특히 NDVI는 도시열섬현상 완화에 상당한 영향력을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 한편, 기초생활수급자, 65세 이상 인구 및 독거노인 비율 등은 통계적으로 유의미한 관계는 보여주지 못하고 있다. 향후 근린환경특성을 고려한 도시열섬현상을 저감할 수 있는 실효적인 정책개발이 필요할 것으로 보인다. The urban heat island phenomenon not only increases the surface temperature of cities but also reduces biodiversity, which means a significant environmental adverse impact. Urban heat island phenomenon can also have a negative effect on the quality of life of the citizen. Therefore, efforts should be made to reduce urban heat island phenomenon and a policy study should be conducted. This study analyzed urban heat island phenomena with the characteristics of built environment including physical environment characteristics and socio-economic characteristics of Seoul. The data on urban heat island was measured based on Landsat8 high-resolution satellite images using spatial information system. According to the Moran’s I test, the urban heat island phenomenon is showing spatial autocorrelation. The study adopted a spatial regression model to control this spatial autocorrelation. The main analysis results are as follows: population density, residential area ratio and bus stop density are the main factors that negatively affect urban heat island phenomenon. On the other hand, gross floor area of residential buildings, NDVI, have been shown to be major factors in reducing urban heat island phenomena. In particular, it was confirmed that NDVI has significant impact on reducing urban heat island phenomena. Meanwhile, the population ratio under national basic living security level, the population ratio aged over 65 and the share of elderly persons who lives alone have not shown statistically significant relationships. In the future, effective policy development will be needed to reduce the phenomenon of urban heat islands considering the characteristics of the built environment.