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김현경(H. K. Kim),문대원(D. W. Moon),김영필(Y. P. Kim),이재철(J. C. Lee),강희재(H. J. Kang) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1997 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.6 No.2
이온-고체 표면 사이의 상호작용에 관한 연구를 수행하기 위하여 중 에너지 이온산란 분광장치를 개발하였고 그 특성 평가를 수행하였다. 제작된 MEIS의 에너지 분해능은 4×10^(-3)으로 측정되었다. MEIS의 표면분석의 응용으로 60 keV H^+을 Ta₂O_5(300 Å)/Si에 적용하여 에너지 손실인자와 깊이 분해능을 얻은 결과는 42eV/Å와 9.7 Å이었다. 또한, Si(100) 표면에 97.5 keV H^+이온을 random 방향으로 입사시켜 이차윈 스펙트럼을 얻었다. A medium energy ion scattering spectroscopy(MEIS) system has been developed and tested. In the MEIS system a toroidal electrostatic energy analyzer(TEA) and a two dimensional position sensitive detector(PSD) were used. The energy resolution of MEIS system was estimated to be less than 4×10^(-3) and the overall angular resolution was less than 0.3°. From the MEIS spectrum of Ta₂O_5(300 Å) on Si analyzed using 60 keV H^+, the energy loss factor[S] and depth resolution were estimated to be 42 eV/Å and 9.7 Å, respectively. Also Si(100) surface was analyzed using the MEIS system. A random MEIS spectrum was obtained from the Si(100) covered with native oxide layers. At the double alignment condition, MEIS spectrum showed a Si surface peak, a oxygen peak and a carbon peak.
표면 조성분석의 정량화를 위한 Pt - Co 합금박막 표준시료의 개발 및 공동분석
김경중(K. J. Kim),문대원(D. W. Moon),한명섭(M. S. Han),강희재(H. J. Kang),김준곤(J. K. Kim),한승희(S. H. Han),이중환(J. H. Lee),윤선진(S. J. Yun),신광수(K. S. Shin),김차연(C. Y. Kim),김태형(T. H. Kim),이동석(D. S. Lee),김영남(Y. N. Kim),최홍 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1998 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.7 No.3
Si 기판 위에 3종의 Pt-Co 합금박막 (Pt66-Co34, Pt40-Co60, Pt18-Co82)과 순수한 Pt, Co 박막 시료를 제작하여 표면 조성분석의 정량화 및 표준화를 위한 표준시료로 제안하였다. in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) 분석에 의해 증착된 이원 합금박막의 조성이 정확히 조절되었으며, 합금박막의 실제 조성은 유도결합플라즈마-원자방출분광법 (inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy: ICP-AES)과 러더퍼드 후방산란분광법 (Rutherford back-scattering spectrometry: RBS)에 의해 결정되었다. in-situ XPS 결과와 ICP에 의한 조성을 비교한 결과 매질 효과를 고려하면 비교적 정확한 조성을 구할 수 있음이 확인되었다. 이 시료를 이용한 XPS와 Auger electron spectroscopy(AES)에 의한 국내 공동분석 결과는 약 4% 내외의 큰 편차를 보이고 있지만, 평균 조성 값은 약 1%의 오차 범위 내에서 두 방법에 의한 결과가 서로 잘 일치하였다. 이온빔 스퍼터링에 의해 Pt 조성이 증가된 표면층이 형성되어 정확한 조성분석을 위해서는 선택스퍼터링에 의한 표면 변형을 정량적으로 이해하여야 함을 알았다. Pure Pt, Co and their alloy thin films with three different compositions (Pt66-Co34, Pt40-Co60 and Pt18-Co82) were deposited on Si(100) wafers and proposed as a set of certified reference materials (CRM) for the quantification and standardization of surface compositional analysis. The compositions of the binary alloy thin films were controlled by in-situ XPS analyses and the certified compositions of the films have been determined by ICP-AES and RBS analyses after thin film growth. Through comparison of the compositions determined by in-situ XPS with those by ICP, relatively accurate compositions could be obtained with a matrix effect correction. Standard deviations of XPS and AES round robin tests with the Pt-Co alloy thin films were large up to about 4%. On the other hand, the average compositions of the Pt-Co alloy thin films by two methods were in a good agreement within 1 %. The formation of a Pt rich surface layer by ion beam sputtering indicates that the surface modification by preferential sputtering must be understood for a better compositional analysis.
구상화 열처리한 Cr-Mo강의 오스테나이트화 온도가 기계적 성질에 미치는 영향
고도환 ( D. H. Kou ),윤지훈 ( J. H. Yoon ),박상준 ( S. J. Park ),김정민 ( J. M. Kim ),강희재 ( H. J. Kang ),성장현 ( J. H. Sung ) 한국열처리공학회 2011 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.24 No.4
Effect of austenitizing temperatures on the impact value of the AISI 4140 steel after repetition of spheroidization and cold deep drawing treatment has been studied. Sufficient dissolution of carbide was shown after austenitizing at the high temperature of 950℃. Accordingly, the impact value was remarkably increased by tempering of this high temperature austenitized steel at the tempering temperature ranges between 570℃ and 630℃. On the other hand, remarkable decrease in the impact values and elongations were shown by tempering the low temperature-austenitized(870℃) steel due to the coarsening of undissolved-carbide existed at the austenitizing temperature.
13%Cr-0.17%C 스테인리스강의 고온 가스질화에 미치는 Al 함량 변화의 영향
박범태 ( B. T. Park ),김정민 ( J. M. Kim ),강희재 ( H. J. Kang ),공정현 ( J. H. Kong ),강창룡 ( C. Y. Kang ),성장현 ( J. H. Sung ) 한국열처리공학회 2011 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.24 No.6
This study has been performed to investigate the effect of Al addition on High Temperature Gas Nitriding (HTGN) in 13%Cr-0.16%C stainless steel with different Al contents of 0.54%, 1.76% and 2.36%, respectively. HTGN treatment was carried out at 1100°C for 1 hr, 5 hrs and 10 hrs. Nitrogen-permeated surface layers showed round type carbides of Cr23C6 and needle type nitrides of AIN in the matrix of martensite, representing 600-700 Hv. And the thickness of the surface layer increased with increasing Al content and HTGN treatment time. The inner region that was not permeated nitrogen showed chromium carbides in the mixed phase of martensite and ferrite for the 0.53% Al alloyed steel, however chromium carbides in the matrix of ferrite single phase were shown for the steels with the addition of 1 .76%Al and 2.36%Al, representing the hardness of ~200 Hv. During nitrogen permeation from surface to the interior, substitutional elements of Cr, Al and Si moved toward the surface and interstitial element of carbon also moved from interior to the surface. This movement of alloying elements leads high concentration of these elements at the outmost surface, subsequently the lowest peak of substitutional elements were shown in the vicinity of near surface. After showing the lowest peak, the high concentration region of Al and C were formed due to the continuous movement of Al toward the surface. The long discontinuous precipitates of Cr23C6 and AIN were formed along the outmost surface owing to the high concentration of these alloying elements. (Received August 30, 2011; Revised September 15, 2011; Accepted October 4, 2011)
Ti-P 첨가 극저탄소강의 P입계편석에 미치는 열연권취온도의 영향
강희재,곽재현,진광근,장삼규 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1992 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.30 No.10
Hot rolled ultra-low carbon steel strips containing Ti and P have occasionally broken tranversely to rolling direction in the process of pickling. An investigation for this failure was carried out by means of microscopy, mechanical tests and Auger electron spectroscopy. It was found that the failure occurred due to the combination of (1) The phosphorous segregation on ferrite grain boundaries, (2) the impact energy such as tension hunting, and (3) the surface defects which played a role as a notch. The phosphorous segregation was proved to be a major cause for the failure which occurred along the grain boundary. As the amount of phosphorous segregation exponentially increases with an increase in coiling temperature, it must be controlled below 650℃ to prevent the occurrence of the failure.
위명용,백창현,홍주화,강희재 한국열처리공학회 2000 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.13 No.5
Microstructure, mechanical and fatigue behaviors of TiCN and TiN/TiCN thin films, deposited on quenched and tempered STD61 tool steel, were investigated by using XRD, XPS, hardness, adhesion and fatigue tests. The TiCN thin film is grown along the (100), (111) orientation, whereas the TiN/TiCN thin film is grown along the (111) orientation. The preferred orientation of TiN/TiCN thin film strongly depends on the TiN buffer layer whose orientation is (111), as is well-known. The TiN/TiCN thin film showed the higher adhesion compared with TiCN single layer because the TiN buffer layer, having good toughness, reduces the effects of the lower hardness of substrate. In the high cycle tension-tension fatigue test, the fatigue life of the TiCN and the TiN/TiCN coated steel increased approximately two to four times and five to nine times respectively compared with uncoated specimens. The TiN buffer layer in multilayer thin films plays an important role in reducing residual stress and fatigue crack initiation, and then in restraining the fatigue propagation.