학술발표 : 제1부 : 저항 운동후 인삼과 탄수화물의 섭취가 Anabolic Hormones 분비에 미치는 영향

강호율(Kang Ho Youl) 한국운동영양학회 1999 한국운동영양학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.6

지구성 운동과 Ginsenoside Rb₁가 쥐 골격근의 AMP-Activated Protein Kinase(APMK), Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase(PI3K) 발현 및 Glucose Uptake에 미치는 영향

정현령,신영호,강호율,Jung, Hyun-Lyung,Shin, Young Ho,Kang, Ho-Youl 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.8

본 연구는 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 쥐골격근의 AMPK insulin signaling($tAMPK{\alpha}$, $pAMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$)과 PI3K insulin signaling pathway(pIRS-1 $Tyr^{612}$, PI3K $p^{85}$, pAkt $Ser^{473}$) 발현 및 glucose uptake에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 골격근내 glucose uptake에서는 비교집단과 비교하여 운동집단(59.4%), $Rb_1$집단(70.5%) $Rb_1/Ex$집단(58.6%)에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 AMPK insulin signaling pathway에 미치는 효과를 조사한 결과 비교집단에 비해 $AMPK{\alpha}$(Ex, 28.6%; $Rb_1$, 28.5%; $Rb_1/Ex$, 29.8%), $pAMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$(Ex, 35.1%; $Rb_1$, 35.3%; $Rb_1/Ex$, 30.9%)의 발현이 유의하게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 PI3K insulin signaling pathway에 미치는 효과를 알아본 결과 비교집단과 비교하여 IRS-1, PI3K $p^{85}$에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 pAkt $Ser^{473}$은 $Rb_1$ 집단에서 유의하게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, ginsenoside $Rb_1$은 운동과 더불어 근육 세포내 AMPK의 활성화와 근육 내 glucose uptake를 증가시켜 제2형 당뇨병 예방과 치료에 효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 본 연구의 결과로 PI3K insulin signaling pathway의 항당뇨 효과는 설명하기는 부족하다고 판단되며 추후 본 연구의 결과를 기초로 ginsenoside $Rb_1$의 농도, 처치시간, 처치방법을 고려한 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. This study investigated the effects of endurance exercise and ginsenoside $Rb_1$ on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) protein expression and glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle of rats. A total of 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups: CON (Control group, n=8), Ex (Exercise group; 25 m/min for 1 h, 6 days/week, 2 weeks, n=8), $Rb_1$ (Ginsenoside $Rb_1$ group; n=8), and $Rb_1/Ex$ ($Rb_1$+Exercise group, n=8). The $Rb_1$ and $Rb_1/Ex$ groups were incubated in ginsenoside $Rb_1$ (KRBP buffer, $100{\mu}g/mL$) for 60 min after a 2-week experimental treatment. After 2 weeks, the expression of phosphorylated $AMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$, total $AMPK{\alpha}$, the p85 subunit of PI3K, pIRS-1 $Tyr^{612}$, and pAkt $Ser^{473}$ were determined in the soleus muscle. Muscle glucose uptake was measured using 2-deoxy-D-[$^3H$] glucose in epitroclearis muscle. Muscle glucose uptake was significantly higher in the three experimental groups (Ex, $Rb_1$, $Rb_1/Ex$) compared to the CON group (P<0.05). The expression of $tAMPK{\alpha}$ and $pAMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$ was significantly higher in the Ex, $Rb_1$, and $Rb_1/Ex$ groups compared to the CON group (P<0.05). The expression of pAkt $Ser^{473}$ was significantly higher in the $Rb_1$ group compared to the CON and EX groups. However, the expression of pIRS-1 $Tyr^{612}$ and the p85 subunit of PI3K were not significantly different between the four groups. Overall, these results suggest that ginsenoside $Rb_1$ significantly stimulates glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle of rats through increasing phosphorylation in the AMPK pathway, similar to the effects of exercise.

운동 중 혈액젖산 측정 방법의 비교

신영호 ( Young Ho Shin ),강호율 ( Ho Youl Kang ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2014 운동과학 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 다양한 젖산분석법을 운동 중 채취한 혈액에서 서로 비교하고 차이점을 알아보는데 있다. 연구는 D광역시 거주하는 신체 건강한 남자 대학생 10명을 대상으로 실시하였으며 실험 7일 전 운동강도 설정을 위해 에르고미터를 이용한 최대산소섭취량을 측정하였다. 모든 연구대상자는 최대산소 섭취량의 40%, 60%, 80%에서 각 10분간 총 30분간 운동을 실시한 후 편안한 자세로 회복기 5분 동안 실험실에서 안정을 취하였다. 혈액은 운동전, 운동 중(40%, 60%, 80%), 회복기 5분에 채취하였다. 채혈한 혈액 중 500 μl는 8% PCA가 담겨있는 Tube에 담아 분석 전까지 보관하였으며 500 μl는 자동젖산분석기 YSI-1500을 이용하여 즉시 젖산분석을 실시하였다. 나머지 혈액은 응고방지를 위해 헤파린 튜브에 담아 원심분리(3000 g × 20 min)후 혈장만을 분석 전까지 ?70 ℃ 초저냉동고에 보관하였다. 젖산농도는 전혈과 혈장 샘플을 이용하여 자동분석기기(YSI-전혈, YSI-혈장)와 효소법(8% PCA-전혈, 8% PCA-혈장)으로 측정하였다. 혈중 8% PCA-전혈의 젖산농도는 다른 세 가지 방법과 비교하여 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 이러한 차이는 운동중 hemoconcentration effect, 적혈구 헤마토크리트 그리고 혈액샘플 내 적혈구의 젖산 생성과 관련이 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 고강도 운동 시 젖산농도의 정확한 평가를 위해서는 젖산분석방법이 정확히 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of the current study was to compare lactate concentrations determined by different analysis methods during graded ergometer exercise. Ten college male students living in a D metropolitan city voluntarily participated in this study. After determining the maximal oxygen consumption 7 days prior to an experimental day, all subjects performed ergometer exercises at 40%, 60%, and 80% for 10 minutes, respectively. Blood samples at rest were drawn from the antecubital vein at the last exercise points, and the 5-min recovery point. Five hundred μl of whole blood was deprotenized with 8% perchloric acid and another 500 μl of whole blood was stored in ice water for auto lactate analysis at the YSI 1500. Eight ml of whole blood was centrifuged to separate the plasma portion for the further lactate analysis at 3,000 g for 20 minutes. Lactate levels were determined by either enzymatic method (8% PCA-blood, 8% PCA-plasma) or auto lactate analyzer (YSI-blood, YSI-plasma) from the whole blood and plasma samples, respectively. The lactate concentrations of 8% PCA-blood were significantly different from the other methods (8% PCA-plasma, YSI-blood, YSI-plasma) (p<0.05). These differences may result from one of the following factors including the hemoconcentration effect during exercise, hematocrit effect due to red blood cell portion, and the lactate production from the red blood cell of sample. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that the methods of lactate analysis need to be carefully elucidated for accurate evaluation of lactate concentration during intense exercise.

24시간 식이제한 후 저항성 운동이 혈중 성장 호르몬, IGF-1, 코르티솔 및 테스토스테론에 미치는 영향

정현령 ( Hyun-lyung Jung ),강호율 ( Ho-youl Kang ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2016 운동과학 Vol.25 No.4

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 24-hour food restriction on plasma human Growth hormone, IGF-1, cortisol and testosterone responses in resistance exercise. METHODS: The 13 college male students (Age; 24.7±1.2 years, Height; 174.1±2.0 cm, Body Weight; 70.4±1.5 kg) were randomly received to the control treatment (CON) and 24 hours fasting treatment (24-FT). The CON served the 400-kcal steam rice as the Korean traditional breakfast 3 hours prior to performing the resistance exercise, while the 24-FT did not eat any food except the water for 24 hours. The resistance exercise session consisted of squat exercise with 5 sets×6-8 repetitions with 80% of one repetition maximum. Blood samples were drawn before (pre), and immediately after exercise (0 minute) and at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes after exercise. Plasma human growth hormone (hGH), total testosterone, cortisol, IGF-1, insulin, glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations were measured. RESULTS: Plasma hGH levels in 24-FT were significantly higher after exercise compared with the CON at 0, 15, 30, 60 minutes (p<.05). Cortisol levels in 24-FT were significantly higher than in the CON at before (pre) and 0 minute (p<.05). The plasma IGF-1 and testosterone levels were not significantly significantly different between two treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation suggested that the elevation of hGH might not be related to anabolic effects in food restriction. In addition, it seems that hGH response in resistance exercise is strongly affected by carbohydrate ingestion

월경상태에 따른 여자 운동선수들의 연령별 골밀도 비교

김봉석(Bong Seok Kim),강호율(Ho Youl Kang) 한국여성체육학회 2008 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.22 No.2

8주간의 등장성 운동 프로그램이 슬관절과 견관절의 등속성 최대회전력에 미치는 영향

유동훈(Dong-Hun Yoo),강호율(Ho-Youl Kang) 한국생활환경학회 2010 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.17 No.6

This study proved the effect of isokinetic peak torque of upper and lower body using isotonic exercise program method for 8 weeks. Isotonic exercise and isokinetic exercise are different based on specificity of muscle contraction. The subjects of the experiment were consisted of male university students and average age of subjects was 22.9 ± 1.6. They were trained by isotonic weight training program equipment such as bench press, barbell low, incline press machine, arm curl, squat, leg press, leg extension, and leg curl for three times a week for 8 weeks. Two tests were done; isotonic test used by lRM of all equipment and isokinetic test used by peak torque of knee and shoulder joints (60°/sec, 180°/sec) respectively before and after the exercise. The results were as follows: First, isotonic maximum strength of 1RM on all items showed the average improvement from 10.1-26.6%, which means statistically significant differences (p<.01). Secondly, isokinetic peak torque %BW of the knee showed statistically no significant difference on all items (p>.05). Lastly, isokinetic peak torque %BW of the shoulder increased 22.4% at 60o/sec on the right flexor (F60R), and 17.9% at 180o/sec on the right flexor (F180R) showing statistically significant differences (p<.01). Isokinetic peak torque %BW of the shoulder at 60°/sec on the left flexor (F60L) and those of 180°/sec on the right extensor (F180R) increased respectively 9.7%, 13.4% represented statistically significant differences (p<.05). These data mean results from the differences between the speed of muscle contraction and the exercise load method of Isotonic exercise and isokinetic exercise. Therefore muscle contraction pattern used in muscular strength training program should be considered while measuring muscular strength in the case of applying principle of specificity.

운동 강도 차이가 고지방식이 Sprague - Dawley Rat의 골격근 내 PGC - 1α, PPAR - γ 및 인슐린 저항에 미치는 영향

정현령(Hyun-Lyung Jung),강호율(Ho-Youl Kang) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.7

This study investigated the effects of exercise intensity on PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of high fat diet-fed Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups: sedentary control group (SED), high fat diet group (HF), high fat diet+low-intensity exercise group (HFLE, 22 m/min, 60 min, 6 days/week), high fat diet+moderate-intensity exercise group (HFME, 26 m/min, 51 min), and high fat diet+high-intensity exercise group (HFHE, 30 m/min, 46 min). After 4 weeks of high fat diet and endurance exercise training, the lipid profiles, insulin, and glucose concentrations were determined in plasma. PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, and GLUT-4 contents were measured in plantaris muscle. The rate of glucose transport in soleus muscle was determined under submaximal insulin concentration (1,000 μIU/mL insulin, 20 min) during muscle incubation. Plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance test in HF was significantly greater than that in SED, and plasma glucose levels in the three exercise (EX) groups were significantly lower that those in SED and HF at 30 and 60 min, respectively (P<0.05). Plasma insulin levels in the EX groups were significantly reduced by 60 min compared to that in HF (P<0.05). The protein expression level of PGC-1α as well as muscle glucose uptake were significantly higher in SED and HF than those in the three EX groups (P<0.05), and HFHE showed significantly higher levels than HFLE and HFME. Expression levels of GLUT-4 and PPAR-γ were significantly higher in the HFLE, HFME, and HFHE groups compared to the SED and HF (P<0.05). Therefore, the results of this study indicate that 4 weeks of high fat diet significantly developed whole body insulin resistance but did not affect PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, or the glucose transport rate in skeletal muscle, and exercise training was able to attenuate deteriorated whole body insulin resistance due to high fat diet. In addition, high intensity training significantly affected PGC-1α expression and the glucose transport rate of skeletal muscle in comparison with low and middle training intensities.

초등학교 남학생의 최대산소섭취량과 Body Mass Index가 혈압에 미치는 영향

류종식(Jong Sik Ryu),강호율(Ho Youl Kang) 한국발육발달학회 2018 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.26 No.4

The purpose of this study was to help elementary school boys manage blood pressure by investigate association between maximum oxygen consumption, body mass index and blood pressure. To achieve this purpose, maximum oxygen consumption, BMI and blood pressure were measured in 66 elementary school boys(age: 8.45±.52) The results obtained by analyzing collected data are as follows. First, Both the maximum oxygen consumption and the BMI had a significant correlation between in systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP), respectively. Second, divided into three groups according to the maximum oxygen consumption level, showed significant differences in SBP(p<.001). But in case of DBP, only the upper and lower groups showed significant differences(p<. 05). Third, divided into three groups according to the BMI level. showed significant differences in SBP(p<.001). But in case of SBP, only a lower BMI group showed a significant difference from the other two groups(p<.001). Fourth, both SBP and DBP showed that BMI had a greater effect than the maximum oxygen consumption. Therefore In this study, both the maximum oxygen consumption and the BMI were found to have a significant effect on blood pressure, and the greater impact of BMI. In addition, the results are divided into three groups according to the maximum oxygen consumption and the BMI level, There were significant differences in SBP between groups, but there were different aspect in case of DBP.

권총사격 시 상지 근피로 유발 수준에 따른 사격수행에 미치는 영향

류종우(Ryu, Jong-Woo),강호율(Kang, Ho-Youl) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.5

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the upper limb muscle fatigue on the pistol shooting performance. Seventeen elite male players with members of the Korea national team were recruited for this study. Group A (23.0 ± 2.2 yrs, 68.4 ± 3.4 , 172.2 ± 1.4 cm) and Group B (27.1 ± 2.7 yrs, 77.0 ± 3.6 kg, 172.6 ± 2.0 cm) were randomly categorized. Both groups performed ten shots freely for 150 s toward the electronic target which was SCATT (SCATT Co., Russia). Group A took 1-set muscle fatigue exercise and group B did 3-set muscle fatigue exercises. After completed the 1-set or 3-set muscle fatigue isokinetic exercise on cybex (Humac Co., USA), all subjects immediately performed the shooting to electric target. In the group 4 the shooting time was significantly increased and the aiming period was inversely decreased (p<0.05), but the shooting score and aiming time was not affected from 1-set muscle fatigue exercise. However, in the group B, all variables (shooting time, aiming period, shooting score, and aiming time) were significantly decreased after 3-set muscle fatigue exercises (p<0.05). Maximum integrated EMG of deltoids and triceps were significantly increased at both groups A and group B after muscle fatigue exercise (p<0.05). Especially, in the group B, the triceps brachii was only significantly increased. Although the average integrated EMG was not significantly different in muscle fatigue exercise at the both groups, deltoids and triceps were relatively increased without the statistical significance. Therefore, the results of the current study suggest that the elite players elongate the aiming time to avoid the deteriorating shooting score in the weak level of muscle fatigue, but decrease both the aiming and the aiming time, and increase the aiming period with the deterioration of shooting score in the high level of muscle fatigue.

운동 강도 차이가 고지방 식이 쥐의 골격근 내 지방 독성과 염증성 사이토카인 신호체계에 미치는 영향

정현령 ( Hyun Lyung Jung ),강호율 ( Ho Youl Kang ) 한국운동생리학회 2015 운동과학 Vol.24 No.2

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different training intensities on lipotoxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling pathway of skeletal muscle in high-fat fed rats. METHODS: Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control diet group (NC), high fat diet group (HF), high fat diet+low-intensity exercise group (HFLE, 22 m/min, 60 min, 6 days/week), high fat diet+moderate-intensity exercise group (HFME, 26 m/min, 51 min), and high fat diet+high-intensity exercise group (HFHE, 30 m/min, 46 min). After 4 weeks of high fat diet and endurance exercise training, the glucose, insulin and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations were determined in plasma. Intramuscular triglyceride (TG), TNF-α, IKKα, IKKβ, p-IKKα/β ser176/180, IκBα contents were measured in skeletal muscle. RESULTS: After 4 weeks treatments, Plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance test in HF was significantly greater than that in NC, and plasma glucose levels in the three EX groups were significantly lower that those in NC and HF at 30 and 60 min, respectively (p <0.05). Plasma insulin levels in the EX groups were significantly reduced by 60 min compared to that in HF (p <0.05). Plasma FFA level and muscle TG contents were significantly lower in the three exercise (EX) groups than those in HF (p <0.05) The protein expressions of TNF-α, IKKα, IKKβ and p-IKKα/βser176/180 were significantly lower in the HFLE, HFME, and HFHE groups compared to the HF group (p <0.05). Expression of IκBα in the three EX groups were significantly higher compared to that in HF (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggested that the elevation of inflammatory cytokine protein expression due to the high-fat feeding significantly deteriorated the lipotoxicity and insulin resistance of skeletal muscle in rats, but this deterioration was significantly attenuated by endurance training. However, the effect of training intensity difference was not different in the expression of inflammatory cytokine protein in the muscle.