과수 농민의 Chlorpyrifos 노출에 관한 연구

강태선(Tae Sun Kang),백남원(Nam Won Paik) 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Exposure routes and application methods are known to be two important factors deciding degree of pesticide intoxication. Mixer-loader-applicators working at orchard farms in Kyunggi-Province iof Korea were investigated to evaluate level of exposure through respiratory or dermal route to chlorpyrifos, a representative organophosphate pesticide used in apple orchards. The level of respiratory or skin exposure was assessed using a personal air sampler or skin patch, respectively, and compared with amount of the pesticide dispersed into the ambient air nearby. Pesticide mixing works resulted in significantly higher(GM=18.1㎍/㎥, range 4.3-43.6) respiratory exposure levels than application procedures. Compared with the application by hand-held(GM=4.6㎍/㎥, range 0.4-38.2), vehicle mounted sprayer demonstrated producing relatively higher(GM=8.4㎍/㎥, range 1.9-37.6) respiratory exposure levels without statistical significance. The pesticide levels in the air were lower than the time-weighted average exposure standard. Geometric mean of total potential dermal exposure dose, which excludes exposure to hands, was 158.9 mg/hr with 74.4-273.2 range during the hand-held application, which is significantly exceeding the exposure level obtained from the vehicle mounted sprayer(GM=26.7 mg/hr, range 11.7-68.7). Whereas, the vehicle mounted sprayer brought more even distribution of the pesticide throughout the body than the hand-held. When the total potential dermal exposure doses are converted into the actual doses, all the dermal exposure levels exceed a potential health hazard guideline(210 mg/hr). The guideline was calculated considering Reference Dose by the United Stated Environmental Protection Agency and proportion of absorption through skin after pesticide´s dermal contact. overall, this study is the first report of chlorpyrifos exposure assessment associated with exposure route and application or preparation procedure, and indicated the dermal absorption as the most potential route of exposure.

(주)BYN블랙야크의 ESG 경영 실천 사례 : 국내 투명 페트병 자원순환 시스템을 중심으로

강태선 ( Tae Sun Kang ),김연성 ( Youn Sung Kim ),정회욱 ( Dexter Jung ) 한국품질경영학회 2021 품질경영학회지 Vol.49 No.3

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to analyze the case of the transparent PET bottle resource circulation project of BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd., present implications, and propose ways to spread it in the future. Methods: In this study, the logic of the Double Diamond Model is applied to analyze the development process of sustainable fashion made from BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd.'s PET Bottle Resource Circulation System. Results: The K-rPET Resource Circulation Project of BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd. is recognized as a best example for its contribution to eco-friendly activities, solving social problems, raising consumer awareness, and sharing recycling habits. Before the plastic bottle becomes a garment, five steps are taken (discharge of PET bottle → collection of PET bottle → recycling of PET bottle → fabrication of yarn → production of the finished product out of the fabric). BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd. has successfully commercialized it by recycling reverse-recovery PET bottles by making solutions to problems that have not been solved at each stage. Conclusion: In addition to efforts to find and strengthen weak links presented in the Theory of Constrains (TOC), it appears to have systematically carried out activities to convert stakeholder discomforts into a package of gain points. As shown in the slogan “We are all in!” the proposal and implementation for the completion of a true environmental system is judged to have truly performed ESG management well for the company's business. ESG management activities at BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd. are expected to continue.

(주)블랙야크의 글로벌 진출전략

강태선(Tae-Sun Kang),고영희(Young-Hee Ko) 한국경영학회 2017 Korea Business Review Vol.21 No.1

한국의 중소중견기업들은 국내 시장 환경에서의 성장과 경쟁우위를 기반으로 기업의 지속성장을 위한 해외진출 전략을 모색하고 있다. 그러나 각기 다른 시장에서의 산업 환경에 대응하고 현지기업들과의 경쟁을 위해서는 각 시장의 특성에 적합한 진출 전략과 현지화 전략이 필요하다. 국내 아웃도어 브랜드 블랙야크는 최근 중국시장을 시작으로 유럽과 미국시장에 대한 동시 진출을 진행하고 있다. 이렇게 넒은 지역을 동시 공략하기 위해 많은 자원과 노력이 투입되어야 하는 투자인 만큼 글로벌 역량 축적과 함께 빠른 기간 내에 성과를 제고해야 하는 전략적 과제에 직면하고 있다. 또한 성숙기에 접어들어 수익성이 감소하고 있는 국내 아웃도어 시장의 상황을 감안할 때 블랙야크 입장에서는 글로벌 시장에서의 효율성을 제고하고 가시적인 성과를 거두는데 집중해야 할 것이다. 블랙야크는 비교적 빠른 시기에 진출을 시도했던 중국 시장의 경우 글로벌 브랜드의 경쟁은 치열하지만 국내 기반의 제품으로 시장에서의 문화적 현지화 등을 강조하며 진입에 성공하였다. 반면 유럽 시장에서는 성숙기에 접어든 아웃도어의 종주국에 진입하기 위해서 블랙야크의 차별화된 디자인과 이미지는 강점이 되었지만 디자인과 기술력의 결합과 국내 시장과는 상이한 유통 구조에 대한 접근을 위해 글로벌 수준의 경쟁우위 축적을 위한 적극적인 협력전략이 시장 진출에 가장 중요한 전략이 되었다. 미국 시장 또한 전 세계 단일 시장 1위의 아웃도어 시장규모를 보유하고 있지만 미국 브랜드들의 강세로 글로벌 브랜드들의 진입이 쉽지 않은 시장이다. 따라서 블랙야크는 미국의 현지 브랜드인 나우를 인수함으로써 블랙야크의 도시형 아웃도어 브랜드 라인을 구축함과 동시에 미국 시장에 블랙야크를 진입시키기 위한 기반을 마련하고자 하였다. 본 사례연구를 통해 적극적인 해외진출 전략을 모색하는 국내 중소중견기업들에게 축적된 경쟁우위를 기반으로 글로벌 시장에 적합한 진출과 현지화를 위한 전략적 시사점을 제시할 수 있을 것이다. The small and medium companies in Korea are seeking for the strategies to advance into the overseas market for sustainable growth based on their growth and competitive advantages in the domestic market environment. However, in order to respond to the industrial environment of different markets and compete with local companies, they need to develop the strategies for market expansion and localization to meet the different characteristics of each market. One of the domestic outdoor clothing brands, BlackYak, has been advancing into the European and the U.S. markets at the same time, starting from the Chinese market. As enormous resources and efforts need to be put in to target such wide areas simultaneously, the companies are faced with the strategic tasks to accumulate global capacity and improve the achievements as soon as possible. In addition, given the circumstances of the domestic outdoor clothing market with reducing profitability as it reached its maturity, BlackYak needs to focus on improving its effectiveness in the global market and make tangible achievements. This case study will suggest the proper strategic implications for advancement into the global market and localization based on the accumulated competitive edges of the domestic small and medium companies, which are proactively seeking for the strategies to enter the overseas markets.

Chlorpyrifos, chlorothanonil 살포 중 피부 및 호흡기 노출량과 주요 관련 요인에 관한 연구

강태선(Tae-Sun Kang),최인자(In-Ja Choi),김길중(Gil-Jung Kim),김형아(Hyoung-Ah Kim),이한기(Han-Ki Lee) 환경독성보건학회 2003 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

블랙야크의 미국 아웃도어시장 진출전략 연구: Nau 인수전략을 중심으로

강태선(Tae-Sun Kang),고영희(Young-Hee Ko),조동성(Dong-Sung Cho) 한국무역연구원 2016 무역연구 Vol.12 No.5

Since the mid-2000s, the rapid market growth of Korea’s outdoors industry has served as a significant growth engine for the development of the Korean outdoor brand, BlackYak. In the process of BlackYak’s full-scale overseas expansion, the US outdoor market is not easy but attractive for growing the global brand. In general the outdoor market in North America is more homogeneous and conservative in terms of style and offerings than Europe. In North America, there are only a few dominant brands that provide limited product choices. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of cross-border acquisition on foreign market entry through a case analysis of BlackYak’s acquisition of urban outdoor brand, Nau in the US market. The findings shows that strategic synergy and post-merger integration are major factors for successful cross-border M&A to enter a new market. This study offers practical insight and implications for small and medium-sized enterprises wanting to establish globalization strategies through M&A.

노지고추 및 배 재배 농업인의 방제작업 중 Chlorpyrifos, Chlorothalonil 노출에 관한 연구

강태선(Tae-Sun Kang),김길중(Gil-Joong Kim),최인자(In-Ja Choi),권영준(Young-Jun Kwon),김경란(Kyung-Ran Kim),이경숙(Kyung-Sook Lee) 한국농촌의학 지역보건학회 2004 농촌의학·지역보건 Vol.29 No.2

소방 공무원의 시간활동 양상과 직무에 따른 소음 노출 특성

이임규,강태선,함승헌,김정인,양영숙,윤충식,Lee, Lim-Kyu,Kang, Tae-Sun,Ham, Seung-Hon,Kim, Jung-In,Yang, Young-Suk,Yoon, Chung-Sik 한국환경보건학회 2011 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the noise exposures of firefighters according to their time-dependent activity patterns. Methods: Personal exposure levels were measured for six days and nights using noise dosimeters; three days and nights for on-duty tasks, the other days and nights for off-duty activities. Results: The total amount of time spent in the workplace was 13,677 min (67%), outside areas 4,833 min (23%), in transit 1,002 min (5%), and other indoor area 807 min (4%) during a working period. However, during off-days they spent 10,858 min (76%) at home, 1,382 min (10%) outdoors, 1,225 min (9%) other indoors, and 493 min (3%) in transit. As a result of individual exposure levels, TWA did not exceed 90 dBA of the occupational exposure limit for the majority of the firefighters, whereas the levels of Lmax were 119 dBA, which were higher than the noise levels of firefighters in USA. Sometimes during dispatching the levels of Lpeak exceeded the ACGIH exposure standard (140 dBC). The Leq levels in transit were higher than the levels in home and other indoors even though the activity time is short. Conclusions: This paper characterized the noise exposure patterns of firefighters in Korea. We suggest that special noise sources, including sirens and speaker phones, should be readjusted to reduce noise exposure.

국내 온라인 유통 새우 제품의 종판별 및 표시사항 모니터링 연구

김건희,이지영,강태선,Kun Hee Kim,Ji Young Lee,Tae Sun Kang 한국식품위생안전성학회 2023 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.38 No.6

본 연구는 대한민국 온라인 시장에서 판매되는 48개의 새우 제품의 종판별 및 제품 표시 사항 일치 여부를 조사하였다. 사용 원재료의 종 판별을 위해 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I 유전자의 염기서열을 분석하여 NCBI GenBank 및 BOLD system 데이터베이스에 등록된 생물종의 염기서열과 비교하였다. 또한 계통분석을 수행하여 동정된 새우종을 추가로 검증했다. 종판별 결과 총 16종[흰다리새우(Penaeus vannamei, Whiteleg shrimp or Pacific white shrimp), 북쪽분홍새우(Pandalus borealis, Alaskan pink shrimp), 그라비새우(Palaemon gravieri, Chinese ditch prawn), 돗대기새우(Leptochela gracilis, Lesser glass shrimp), 얼룩새우(Penaeus monodon, Giant tiger prawn), 아르헨티나붉은새우(Pleoticus muelleri, Argentine red shrimp), 산모양깔깔새우(Metapenaeopsis dalei, Kishi velvet shrimp), 태평양난바다곤쟁이(Euphausia pacifica, Isada krill), 가시배새우(Lebbeus groenlandicus, Spiny lebbeid), 꽃새우(Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Southern rough shrimp), 진흙새우(Argis lar, Kuro shrimp), 가시발새우(Metanephrops thomsoni, Red-banded lobster), 깔깔새우(Metapenaeopsis barbata, Whiskered velvet shrimp), 긴발딱총새우(Alpheus japonicus, Japanese snapping shrimp), 대하(Penaeus chinensis, Fleshy prawn), 긴뿔민새우(Mierspenaeopsis hardwickii, Spear shrimp)]이 확인되었으며, 흰다리새우(n=22, 45.8%)가 가장 큰 비중을 차지하였다. 일반명 '새우'를 포함하는 35개 제품(72.9%)에서 표시사항과 불일치를 나타내었으며, 일반명(n=30)을 제외할 경우 불일치율은 10.4%로 낮아졌다. 가공 정도별 불일치율은 다중 가공 제품(n=25, 89.3%)이 단순 가공 제품(n=10, 50%)보다 높은 비율을 보였다. 원산지별 분석 결과 특정 국가와 불일치율과의 상관성은 확인할 수 없었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 새우 제품의 모니터링 수행 및 새우의 국명 표시 개선을 위한 기초자료로 쓰일 수 있을 것이다. This study investigated species identification and labeling compliance of 48 shrimp products sold in the Korean online markets. Species identification was conducted using the standard DNA barcoding method, using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. The obtained sequences were compared with those deposited in the NCBI GenBank and BOLD Systems databases. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis was performed to further verify the identified shrimp species. Consequently, 16 shrimp species were identified, including Penaeus vannamei, Pandalus borealis, Palaemon gravieri, Leptochela gracilis, Penaeus monodon, Pleoticus muelleri, Metapenaeopsis dalei, Euphausia pacifica, Lebbeus groenlandicus, Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Argis lar, Metanephrops thomsoni, Metapenaeopsis barbata, Alpheus japonicus, Penaeus chinensis, and Mierspenaeopsis hardwickii. The most prevalent species was Penaeus vannamei, found in 45.8% of the analyzed products. A significant mislabeling rate of 72.9% was found; however, upon excluding generic names such as shrimp, the mislabeling rate reduced to 10.4%. The mislabeling rate was higher in highly-processed products (89.3%) compared with that in minimally-processed products (50%). No correlation was found between the country of origin and mislabeling rate. The results of this study provide crucial data for future monitoring of shrimp products and improving the labeling of shrimp species in Korea.

국내 온라인 유통 복어 제품의 종판별 및 표시사항 모니터링 연구

이지영,김건희,강태선,Ji Young Lee,Kun Hee Kim,Tae Sun Kang 한국식품위생안전성학회 2023 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.38 No.6

본 연구에서는 온라인 마켓에서 판매되는 50개 복어제품의 종판별 및 표시사항 일치여부 모니터링을 수행했다. 복어의 종판별을 위해 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I 및 cytochrome b 유전자의 염기서열을 분석하여 NCBI GenBank 데이터베이스에 등록되어있는 생물종의 염기서열과 비교 후 계통 분석을 수행했다. 참복, 흰점참복, 까치복, 복섬, 검복, 국매리복, 흑밀복 총 7종이 동정되었으며, 35개 제품(70%)에서 표시사항과의 불일치를 나타냈다. 12개의 제품(24%)에서는 식품공전에서 제시한 식용 가능한 복어 21종의 국명 대신 일반명(복어)을 사용하였다. 가공 정도별 불일치율은 다중가공 제품(n=9, 81.8%)이 단순가공 제품(n=26, 66.7%)보다 높은 비율을 보였으며, 원산지별 불일치율의 경우 중국산 제품(n=8, 80%)이 국산 제품(n=26, 66.7%)보다 높은 비율을 보였다. 시장명, 방언 등의 이름이 혼용되어 다수의 복어종을 밀복, 졸복으로 표시하였다. 이러한 분류체계의 어려움으로 인해 흰점참복, 국매리복과 같은 식용불가 복어가 식용 가능한 복어인 졸복으로 혼용되어 판매되는 것이 확인되었다. 따라서 식용 가능한 복어를 정확히 분류할 수 있는 방법의 개발이 필요하며, 수입 및 국내 유통 복어 제품의 주기적인 모니터링이 필요하다. In this study, based on an analysis of two DNA barcode markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b genes), we performed species identification and monitored labeling compliance for 50 commercial pufferfish products sold in on-line markets in Korea. Using these barcode sequences as a query for species identification and phylogenetic analysis, we screened the GenBank database. A total of seven pufferfish species (Takifugu chinensis, T. pseudommus, T. xanthopterus, T. alboplumbeus, T. porphyreus, T. vermicularis, and Lagocephalus cheesemanii) were identified and we detected 35 products (70%) that were non-compliant with the corresponding label information. Moreover, the labels on 12 commercial products contained only the general common name (i.e., pufferfish), although not the scientific or Korean names for the 21 edible pufferfish species. Furthermore, the proportion of mislabeled highly processed products (n = 9, 81.8%) was higher than that of simply processed products (n = 26, 66.7%). With respect to the country of origin, the percentage of mislabeled Chinese products (n = 8, 80%) was higher than that of Korean products (n = 26, 66.7%). In addition, the market and dialect names of different pufferfish species were labeled only as Jolbok or Milbok, whereas two non-edible pufferfish species (T. vermicularis and T. pseudommus) were used in six commercial pufferfish products described as JolboK and Gumbok on their labels, which could be attributable to the complex classification system used for pufferfish. These monitoring results highlight the necessity to develop genetic methods that can be used to identify the 21 edible pufferfish species, as well as the need for regulatory monitoring of commercial pufferfish products.

농약 노출과 중추신경 증상과의 관련성

권영준(Young-Jun Kwon),강태선(Tae-Sun Kang),김경란(Kyung-Ran Kim),이경숙(Kyung-Sook Lee),주영수(Young-Su Ju),송재철(Jaechul Song) 한국농촌의학 지역보건학회 2004 농촌의학·지역보건 Vol.29 No.2