전기수용설비의 중성선 영상분고조파전류저감장치

강창원,최길수,한성배,김범수,정연해,이기철,Kang, Chang-Won,Choi, Gil-Soo,Han, Sung-Bae,Kim, Bum-Soo,Chung, Yeon-Hae,Lee, Ki-Cheol 한국전기기술인협회 2001 電力技術人 Vol.228 No.8

우리나라에서는 3 Θ 4w 배전방식을 채택하고 있는데 최근에는 컴퓨터 등 OA 기기 사용증가로 이때 발생하는 영상분 고조파에 의하여 중성선에 상전류 보다 큰 전류가 흐르게 된다. 고조파에 의한 중전선 과전류는 케이블, 변압기, 과열소손, 변압기, 발전기 출력저하, 역률저하, 전력손실 증가, ELB, MCCB 오동작, 유도장해, 중성선 대지전위 상승 등 심각한 장애를 일으키고 있다. Wide use of non-linear loads such as personal computers, monitors, laser printers, variable speed drives, UPS systems and other electronic equipment have led to harmonics becoming #1 issue in the electrical industry today. Commercial and Industrial building power distribution systems, designed for the old, linear-style loads especially when found in high densities. Some common power system problems include overloaded neutral conductors, overheated distribution transfOlmers, high neutral-to-ground voltage, poor power factor and distortion of the voltage waveform supplying these loads. The power quality problems, particularly high voltage distortion, have been known to cause equipment downtime due to malfunctions and component failure.

흰 DNA 의 총 쐐기 각도를 계산하는 컴퓨터 프로그램

이상수,강창원,박기정 ( Sang Soo Lee,Kiejung Park,Chang Won Kang ) 생화학분자생물학회 1991 BMB Reports Vol.24 No.6

A computer program for calculation of total wedge angles to reveal DNA curvature was developed. The calculation is essentially based on the wedge model and uses recently updated values of roll and tilt wedge angles and twist angles between the nearest neighbor base pairs. When the wedge angles of the individual neighboring base pairs are summed along a long DNA sequence, three dimension vectorial summations were employed. Thus, a major improvement in this calculation is to eliminate the earlier approximation of two dimension vectorial summation of roll and tilt wedge angles. The 33 DNA sequences of periodic repetition that have previously been reported to have a bent structure were analyzed with this computer program and the magnitude of gel retardation was found to be correlated with the accumulated wedge angle. Thus, the gel retardation patterns of permuted DNA fragments can be predicted with this computer program analysis. This program also correctly reveals the bending locus of pT181 replication origin sequence which does not contain any periodic poly(A) tracts.

A DNA Bending at Early Region of Phage T7 Gene 10 Analyzed by Wedge Angles

이상수,강창원,Lee, Sang-Soo,Kang, Chang-Won 생화학분자생물학회 1991 한국생화학회지 Vol.24 No.6

파아지 T7 게놈의 유전자 10의 앞부분에는 파아지 RNA 중합효소에 의한 전사와 숙주 대장균 리보솜에 의한 번역에 필요한 염기열들이 있다. 이 부위의 DNA가 휘어져 있는지를 살펴보았다. 우선 각 부위의 DNA 조각이 나란히 중복된 플라스미드를 제조하여 여러 가지 제한효소로 절단하였을 때 서로 다른 위치에서 시작하지만 같은 조성과 길이를 가진 조각들이 얻어질 수 있도록 하였다. 이들을 폴리아크릴아미드 겔 전기영동으로 분석한 결과 번역개시 코돈인 ATG 아래로 30 염기쌍 떨어진 곳에서 DNA가 휘어져 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이 주위에는 DNA를 휘게 하는 아데닌 소중합 염기열이 없기 때문에, 연접 염기쌍 사이의 횡전 벚 경사 쐐기 각도들을 이용하여 전체 DNA의 휘어진 정도를 계산한 결과, 겔상의 이동 속도 변화와 잘 일치하였다. 이 결과는 DNA가 각 인접 염기쌍 사이의 횡전과 경사에 의해서 휘어진다는 설을 뒷받침하고 있다. Just upstream of the gene 10 in bacteriophage T7 genome there exist expression regulatory sequences for phage T7 RNA polymerase transcription and hose E. coli ribosome translation. These DNA regions have been examined for sequence-directed DNA bending. First, plasmids containing a tandem repeat of each were constructed. Then, each plasmid was digested with various restriction enzymes to produce circularly permuting DNA fragments of the same length. Our results of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the fragments revealed that about 30 base pairs downstream of the translation initiation codon ATG there appears to exist a sequence-directed DNA bending. The bent region does not contain any oligo(A) tract which is known to cause bending of DNA. Calculations of the accumulated DNA axis deflection angles of DNA fragments based on the roll and tilt wedge angles of nearest neighbor base pairs revealed a good correlation between the experimental gel mobility retardation degrees and calculated DNA axis deflection angles of all the permuted DNA fragments. These data support the wedge model of DNA curvature.

사료 내 식물추출물 복합제(Coxynil<SUP>®</SUP>, Growell<SUP>®</SUP>, Respowell<SUP>®</SUP>) 첨가가 육계의 성장에 미치는 영향

조상범(Sang-Beum Cho),권승현(Seung-Hyun Kwon),이준형(Jun-Hyeong Lee),이윤정(Yun-Jeong Lee),강창원(Chang-Won Kang),백현동(Hyun-Dong Paik),장병준(Byung-Joon Chang),김수기(Soo-Ki Kim) 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.11

본 연구는 육계 사료에 식물추출물(Coxynil<SUP>®</SUP>, Growell<SUP>®</SUP> 그리고 Respowell<SUP>®</SUP>)의 첨가가 육계의 성장, 혈액 성상 그리고 조직 내 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하고, 또한 항생제 대체효과가 가능한가를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 총 40,000수의 Ross 종 수평아리를 공시하여 34일 동안 사양실험을 실시하였으며, 대조군(CON)으로 salinomycin-6, clopidol-25, enramycin-1 그리고 BMD-2.5를 포함하는 항생제 첨가사료를 20,000수에게 급여하였으며, 식물추출물 급여군(NP)은 항생 제대체제로 Growell India사에서 판매되는 Coxynil<SUP>®</SUP>, Growell<SUP>®</SUP> 그리고 Respowell<SUP>®</SUP>을 각각 0.03%, 0.035% 그리고 0.03%씩 첨가하여 20,000수에게 급여하였다. 종료시 체중, 증체량 그리고 사료섭취량에 있어서 CON과 NP간의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 NP군의 사료섭취량이 다소 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 한편 시험기간 동안 CON군은 총 1,693 수가 폐사하였으나 NP 군은 1,008수가 폐사하여 식물추출물의 급여가 육계를 보다 건강하게 생육시키는 긍정적인 결과를 보였다. 항체 생성 반응에 있어서는 NP군이 CON군에 비하여 낮은 IBDV와 NDV 항체역가를 나타내었다. 혈액 중 total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, globulin 및 IgG 함량에서도 NP군과 CON군 간의 유의적인 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 실험 종료후, 각 장기의 조직을 적출한 후에 조직 상태를 조사한 결과 CON군과 NP군 간의 큰 차이점이 발견되지 않았다. Salinomycin-6, clopidol-25, enramycin-1 및 BMD-2.5 등의 항생제를 각각 Cinnamomum camphora, Zingiber officinale 그리고 Operculina turpethum을 주성분으로하는 Coxynil<SUP>®</SUP>, Growell<SUP>®</SUP> 및 Respowell<SUP>®</SUP>으로 대체하여 육계 사양실험을 실시한 결과, 상호간에 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여, 상기 3종류의 식물 추출물들의 복합첨가는 육계 사양시 항생제를 대체할 수 있는 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to evaluate the supplementation effect of dietary natural plant extracts (NP: Coxynil<SUP>®</SUP>, Growell<SUP>®</SUP> and Respowell<SUP>®</SUP>) on broiler chickens. Forty thousand male broilers with 7 days adaptation after hatching were fed experiment diets for 34 days. The supplementation effects of NP on growth performance, blood parameters and biopsy were examined with twenty thousand broilers as the treatment group. Twenty thousand broilers for the control group (CON) were fed the diet with salinomycin-6, clopidol-25, enramycin-1, and BMD-2.5. In the diet of the treatment group, the antibiotics were replaced with 0.03%, 0.035% and 0.03% of Coxynil<SUP>®</SUP>, Growell<SUP>®</SUP> and Respowell<SUP>®</SUP>, respectively. The weight gain of the treatment group was increased but the feed intake was decreased, indicating that feed efficiency was increased compared to the CON. The mortality of the NP group was also lower compared to the CON group (1,008 birds to 1,693 birds), showing positive dietary effects from natural plant extracts. In the activity of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and new cattle disease virus (NDV) antibodies, the NP showed lower antibody titer levels for both of IBDV and NDV compared to the CON. The levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, globulin, and IgG in blood did not show significant differences between the groups. In the microscopic tissue analysis, no significant differences were detected. These results may suggest that a complex of three natural plant extracts can be used as alternative antibiotics in broilers.

파아지 T7 유전자 10 의 앞부분 휜 DNA 구조 쐐기 각도에 의한 분석

이상수,강창원 ( Sang Soo Lee,Chang Won Kang ) 생화학분자생물학회 1991 BMB Reports Vol.24 No.6

Just upstream of the gene 10 in bacteriophage T7 genome there exist expression regulatory sequences for phage T7 RNA polymerase transcription and hose E. coli ribosome translation. These DNA regions have been examined for sequence-directed DNA bending. First, plasmids containing a tandem repeat of each were constructed. Then, each plasmid was digested with various restriction enzymes to produce circularly permuting DNA fragments of the same length. Our results of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the fragments revealed that about 30 base pairs downstream of the translation initiation codon ATG there appears to exist a sequence-directed DNA bending. The bent region does not contain any oligo(A) tract which is known to cause bending of DNA. Calculations of the accumulated DNA axis deflection angles of DNA fragments based on the roll and tilt wedge angles of nearest neighbor base pairs revealed a good correlation between the experimental gel mobility retardation degrees and calculated DNA axis deflection angles of all the permuted DNA fragments. These data support the wedge model of DNA curvature.

A Computer Program to Calculate Total Wedge Angle of Curved DNA

이상수,박기정,강창원,Lee, Sang-Soo,Park, Kie-Jung,Kang, Chang-Won 생화학분자생물학회 1991 한국생화학회지 Vol.24 No.6

DNA의 흰 정도를 알 수 있게 총 쐐기 각도를 계산하는 컴퓨터 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이 계산은 본질적으로 쐐기 모델에 근거하여 바로 이웃하는 염기 쌍의 횡사 및 경사 쐐기 각도와 비틀림 각도의 새로운 값들을 사용하였다. 각각의 이웃하는 염기 쌍의 쐐기 각도를 긴 DNA 서열을 따라 합산할 때 3차원적 벡터의 합산 방법을 적용하였다. 따라서 이 계산 방법으로 개선된 점은 횡사와 경사 쐐기 각도의 2차원적 벡터 합산에서 계산되는 근사값이 아닌 실제값을 계산할 수 있다는 데에 있다. 주기적으로 반복하며 흰 구조를 가진 것으로 이미 보고된 33개의 DNA 서열을 이 컴퓨터 프로그램으로 분석하였더니, 겔에서의 이동 속도가 축적된 쐐기 각도와 상관관계가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 따라서 순환된 DNA 단편의 겔에서 이동 속도 양상은 이 컴퓨터 프로그램 분석에 의해 예측할 수 있다. 이 프로그램은 또한, 주기적으로 연속된 A 염기를 갖지 않는 pT181 DNA의 축이 복제를 시작하는 부근에서 휨을 정확히 지적하고 있다. A computer program for calculation of total wedge angles to reveal DNA curvature was developed. The calculation is essentially based on the wedge model and uses recently updated values of roll and tilt wedge angles and twist angles between the nearest neighbor base pairs. When the wedge angles of the individual neighboring base pairs are summed along a long DNA sequence, three dimension vectorial summations were employed. Thus, a major improvement in this calculation is to eliminate the earlier approximation of two dimension vectorial summation of roll and tilt wedge angles. The 33 DNA sequences of periodic repetition that have previously been reported to have a bent structure were analyzed with this computer program and the magnitude of gel retardation was found to be correlated with the accumulated wedge angle. Thus, the gel retardation patterns of permuted DNA fragments can be predicted with this computer program analysis. This program also correctly reveals the bending locus of pT181 replication origin sequence which does not contain any periodic poly(A) tracts.

MCF-7 cell에서 all-trans retinoic acid에 의한 insulin-like growth factor-I와 insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 분비조절에 있어서 PKC-δ의 역할

이선미,김상훈,최광수,강창원,Lee, Sun-Mi,Kim, Sang-Hoon,Choi, Kwang-Soo,Kang, Chang-Won 대한수의학회 2006 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.46 No.2

All-trans retinoic acid (AtRA) induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in a variety of tumer cells, including MCF-7 cells. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) system has been reported to be associated with the development of cancer. Although MCF-7 cell with AtRA is to be the major stimulus for the cell growth and apoptosis, the mechanism of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)/insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) system remains to be elucidated. Thus, this study was conducted to the effect of AtRA on the gene expression and level of IGF-I and IGFBP-3. In addition, we investigated the involvement of PKC-${\delta}$ on the IGF-I and IGFBP-3 secretion in MCF-7 cell. AtRA(${\geq}10^{-7}M$) decreased the IGF-1 secretion and mRNA expressions, but increased IGFBP-3 secretion and mRNA expressions in MCF-7 cells. Especially, the treatment of AtRA at 72 hours caused a significant reduction in the IGF-I secretion and mRNA expressions but increment in IGFBP-3 secretion and mRNA expressions (p < 0.05). $10^{-7}M$ AtRA activated PKC-${\delta}$ that is one among PKC-$\iota$, ${\alpha}$, ${\lambda}$ and ${\delta}$ in MCF-7 cell. Rotllerin, a PKC-${\delta}$ inhibitor, blocked AtRA-induced inhibition of the IGF-I and mRNA expressions, and increase of lGFBP-3 and mRNA expressions in MCF-7 cell. Together, AtRA inhibited the IGF-I secretion and mRNA expressions, but increased IGFBP-3 secretion and mRNA expressions in MCF-7 cell. Furthermore, AtRA-induced alteration of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 secretion, and the gene expressions were mediated via PKC-${\delta}$ activity.

선박엔진용 Supply Unit에 대한 Camshaft의 마찰특성

최원식(Won-Sik Choi),강창원(Chang-Won Kang),성봉수(Bong-Soo Sung),손재환(Jae-Hwan Son),진은영(Eun-Yeung Jin),이인(Ihn Lee),문희준(Hee-Joon Mun),박세영(Se-Young Park),권주리(Ju-Ry Kwon) 한국산업응용학회 2009 한국산업응용학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.2

The wear and friction characteristics of cam shaft in power supply unit have been investigated as function of a driving loads and speeds. The cam shaft is a core part in ship engine. To improve the efficiency of the engine, we had tested the friction and wear of them. The wear of SM45C is more degraded up to compared with SNCM420 materials. Also the friction characteristics of SNCM420 is lower than SM45C in high loads.

선박엔진의 Supply Unit용 SNCM420H 재질의 절삭특성

최원식(Won-Sik Choi),문희준(Hee-Joon Mun),이인(Ihn Lee),박세영(Se-Young Park),강창원(Chang-Won Kang),성봉수(Bong-Soo Sung) 한국기계가공학회 2009 한국기계가공학회 춘추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.6

SNCM420 steel is one of the cam shaft materials which is used in the supply unit for ship engine cam shaft. In this study the assessment of cutting behavior was conducted for the SNCM 420 steel and SM45C steel with various cutting conditions as depth of cut 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0mm and feed rate - 0.1~0.3m/rev. The controlled chip was produced in feed rate 0.2, depth of cut 1.0 for SNCM420 and feed rate 0.2, depth of cut 2.0 for SM45C. There is no difference cutting force between SM45C and SNCM420 steels.

선박엔진의 Supply Unit용 SNCM420H 재질의 절삭특성

최원식(Won-Sik Choi),문희준(Hee-Joon Mun),이인(Ihn Lee),박세영(Se-Young Park),강창원(Chang-Won Kang),성봉수(Bong-Soo Sung) 한국기계가공학회 2009 한국기계가공학회 춘추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.6월

SNCM420 steel is one of the cam shaft materials which is used in the supply unit for ship engine cam shaft. In this study the assessment of cutting behavior was conducted for the SNCM 420 steel and SM45C steel with various cutting conditions as depth of cut 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0mm and feed rate - 0.1~0.3m/rev. The controlled chip was produced in feed rate 0.2, depth of cut 1.0 for SNCM420 and feed rate 0.2, depth of cut 2.0 for SM45C. There is no difference cutting force between SM45C and SNCM420 steels.