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김성훈,강기혁,민병진,이무희,김준성,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Kang, Ki-Hyeok,Mean, B.J.,Ndiaye, B.,Lee, Moo-Hee,Kim, Jun-Sung The Korean Superconductivity Society 2010 Progress in superconductivity Vol.12 No.1
$^{13}C$ NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) measurements have been performed to investigate the local electronic structure of a superconducting graphite intercalation compound $CaC_6$ ($T_c$ = 11.4 K). A large number of single crystals were stacked and sealed in a quartz tube for naturally abundant $^{13}C$ NMR. The spectrum, Knight shift, linewidth, and spin-lattice relaxation time $T_1$ were measured in the normal state as a function of temperature down to 80 K at 8.0 T perpendicular to the c-axis. The $^{13}C$ NMR spectrum shows a single narrow peak with a very small Knight shift. The Knight shift and the linewidth of the $^{13}C$ NMR are temperature-independent around, respectively, +0.012% and 1.2 kHz. The spin-lattice relaxation rate, $1/T_1$, is proportional to temperature confirming a Korringa behavior as for non-magnetic metals. The Korringa product is measured to be $T_1T\;=\;210\;s{\cdot}K$. From this value, the Korringa ratio is deduced to be $\xi$ = 0.73, close to unity, which suggests that the independent-electron description works well for $CaC_6$, without complications arising from correlation and many-body effects.
신장이식후 이식신에 재발한 IgA 신병증에서 Lovastatin과 Cyclosporin으로 인한 급성 신부전 1예
강기혁,노승현,고행일 인제대학교 1997 仁濟醫學 Vol.18 No.1
Lovastatin은 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A(HMG-CoA)환원 효소의 경쟁적인 억제제로서 콜레스테롤 합성을 억제하여 총 콜레스테롤과 저밀도 단백질을 감소시키는 효과적인 약제로 알려져 있다. 그러나 lovastatin은 근병증 또는 횡문근 융해와 같은 합병증을 초래 할 수 있으며 특히 cyclosporine과 병행치료를 하는 경우 이러한 합병증의 빈도가 증가한다고 알려져 있다. 저자들은 이식신에 재발한 IgA 신병증에 의하여 생긴 신증후군에서 고지혈증의 치료로 사용하였던 lovastain에 의한 급성 신부전 1예를 경험하였기에 이를 보고하는 바이다. Lovastatin, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, is effective in lowering both total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels with few side effects. But it has been known that the incidence of rhabdomyolysis is increased in the cases of combination therapy with CsA. The authors experienced a case of 41-year-old male kidney transplant recipient with recurrent IgA nephropathy who developed acute renal failure accompanying massive rhabdomyolysis during the period of Lovastatin-CsA combination therapy. Myalgia, muscle tenderness and weakness, dark colored oliguria were developed, and we diagnosed as rhabdomyolysis with markedly increased levels of serum LDH, CK, AST and positive urine myoglobin. The patient's renal dysfunction and rhabdomyolysis were recovered after conservative management including 9 times of hemodialysis. In transplanted patients receiving cyclosporine A and lovastatin, close observation is important for early detection of rhabdomyolysis.
정상 혈중 마그네슘치를 갖고 있는 입원환자에서의 마그네슘 결핍의 임상적 평가
고행일,강기혁,하근우,이승진,류정임,노승현 인제대학교 1998 仁濟醫學 Vol.19 No.2
마그네슘은 주로 세포질 내의 효소 작용에 조효소로 작용하는 전해질이므로 혈청내의 마그네슘보다는 체내 총마그네슘치가 더 중요하다고 알려져 있으나 실제 임상적으로 이를 측정하기는 어려운 상태이다. 이에 저자들은 정상 혈중 마그네슘치의 입원 환자를 대상으로 마그네슘 부하 검사를 실시하여 체내 마그네슘 결핍여부를 확인하고 이렇게 확인된 마그네슘 결핍 환자에게 충분한 양의 마그네슘(하루 6g)을 정주 후 나타나는 생물학적 효과를 spirometer에 의한 노력성 호흡능을 측정하여 확인하고자 하였다. Magnesium, the second most abundant intracellular cation next to potassium, has several critically important roles in various enzyme reactions producing energy as a co-factor in the cytoplasm. Only 0.3% of total magnesium is in the extracellular fluid compartment. Moreover, magnesium is distributed unevenly with the greatest concentration in tissues having the highest metabolic activity, such as the brain, heart, liver and kidney. So the portion of intracellular is more important than that of extracellular fluid in the biologic function of magnesium. Because of theses reasons, serum magnesium level may not reflect intracellular magnesium content and the intracellular magnesium depletion may exist despite a normal serum magnesium concentration. Especially the magnesium deficiency with normal serum magnesium is frequently encountered in hospitalized patients and is see most often in patients admitted to intensive care units. The detection of magnesium deficiency can be increased by measuring magnesium concentration in the urine or using the parenteral magnesium loading test. So we designed the study to identify that intravenous 6g magnesium infusion can improve the biologic function which is mediated by intracellular magnesium in 7 hospitalized patients with magnesium deficiency having normal serum magnesium level, diagnosed by more than 50% retention of magnesium in loading test. We measured FEVI and FVC by spirometer to evaluate the biologic influence on respiratory muscle power of before and after magnesium infusion and could available below results. 1.The average retention % of magnesium after loading test was 78.9±15.35%. 2.The serum magnesium and potassium levels after intravenous 6g magnesium infusion were not changed significantly, compared to before the infusion(serum magnesium 1.87±0.33mg/dL vs 2.23±0.55mg/4L, p= 0.14, serum potassium 3.34±0.38mEq/L vs 3.50±0.38mEq/L, p = 0.23). 3.There were no significant urine electrolyte changes between before and after intravenous 6gm magnesium infusion(urine Mg++ 4.33±2.96mg/dL vs 8.07±3.21mg/dL, p=0.056, urine K+ 21.9±14.11mEq/L vs 14.47±6.41mSq/L, p=0.2, urine Ca++ 7.94±10.60mg/dL vs 12.35±11.08mg/dL, p=0.087, urine phosphate 12.63±17.35mg/dL vs 10.20±8.00mg/dL, p=0.61, TTKG 4.99±1.73 vs 4.87±1.43. p=0.81). 4.After intravenous 6g magnesium infusion, the predicted % of FEVI and FVC reflecting effort respiratory capacity become improved significantly, compared to before the infusion (FEV1 79.12±17.75% vs 92.26±16.59%, p=0.025, FVC 73.23±19.38% vs 82.55±18.29%, p = 0.017). In conclusion, normal serum magnesium level can be accompanied by the presence of intracellular magnesium depletion, which can be improved the effort respiratory capacity by the repletion of magnesium.