친환경제제 처리가 벼잎집무늬마름병 (Rhizoctonia solani) 억제효과와 미생물군집에 미치는 영향

강근혜,이정한,박경미,이용복,곽연식 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.48 No.4

친환경 유기농산물과 식품에 대한 안정성이 소비자들에게 중요한 관심이 되고 있는 시점에서 친환경제제의 개발과 적용이 다양하게 이루어지고 있다. 최근 지구온난화의 영향으로 인하여, 벼 재배지의 주요병으로 잎집무늬마름병의 발생이 크게 증가하고 있다. 벼 잎집무늬마름병의 친환경방제 방법에 대한 선행 연구가 미미한 실증으로, 본 연구에서는 친환경제제 처리에 의해 변화하는 논토양의 화학적 특성, 미생물 군집 및 벼잎집무늬마름병의 발생정도를 조사하였다. 토양의 화학적 특성은 관행구가 약 pH 5.0로나타났으며 친환경제제 처리구는 평균 약 pH 5.5로 높아지는 경향으로 나타났다. 유효인산의 함량의 경우 이앙전에는 27%, 등숙기에는 37%와 수확기에는 5% 높게 나타났다. 치환성 칼슘의 경우 친환경제제처리구에서 높게 나타났으며 미생물 생체량도 관행구에 비하여 친환경제제 처리구에서 2배 높은 것으로나타났다. 그람 양성균과 그람 음성균이 각각 친환경제제 처리구에서 69와 43%로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 진균의 경우에도 30%, 고초균도 105%가 친환경제제 처리구에서 증가하였다. 벼잎집무늬마름병 발생 억제 효과는 관행구에 비하여 친환경제제 처리구에서 약 75% 발병이 억제되는 효과가 나타났으며, 이러한 결과로 친환경제제의 처리는 식품안정성과 유기농산물 생산 기여할 것으로 기대된다. Eco-friendly organic production for crop and food safety are currently important issues. Forthose reasons, developing of Eco-friendly formulation and application protocols have beenchallenging with various strategies. In this study, the effects of soil physiochemical property,microbial community and a disease suppression effectivity by Eco-friendly formulation treatmentwere investigated. The Eco-friendly formulation treated paddy soil showed increasing ofavailable phosphorus content; before planting (27%), ripening (37%) and harvesting stage(5%). Also, hydrogen exponent was 0.5 higher than non-treated control soil. Eco-friendly formulationtreatment contributed to increasing concentration of exchangeable calcium in soil. Total soilmicrobial biomass were increased as two-fold by the Eco-friendly formulation treatment. Rice sheath blight disease incidence also declined 75% by the treatment. These results suggest thatthe eco-friendly formulation treatment might be useful for organic rice production.

구상나무 종자의 채집지에 따른 발아특성

강근혜,황부영,이승훈,김성훈,조수언,박은희 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2018 농업생명과학연구 Vol.52 No.1

Abies koreana wilson is a native plant in Korean peninsula and it has been consider asendangered species. Therefore, the purpose of this study was that to develop efficient proliferationtechnique of Abies koreana Wilson designated as biological indicator species for climate change. The seeds of A. koreana were collected from 4 populations and their seed germinationcharacteristics were investigated both on in-vivo and in-vitro, separately. At in-vivo, the fastestgermination was observed on 21 days after plantation of 004818 and 004825 seeds collectedfrom Byeoksoryeng, and at in-vitro on 8 days after plantation of 004696 and 004818 seedscollected from Nogodan and Byeoksoryeng. The highest and lowest germination rates wereobserved, for the in-vivo, in 004825(48.5%) seed collected from Byeoksoryeng and 004703(0.5%) seed collected from Deokyu Mountain, respectively, and for the in-vitro, in 004694(36%)seed collected from Dwaejipyeongjeon and 004703(0.7%) collected from Deok-yu Mountain. Asresult of suggesting that the germination rates are varied between in vivo and vitro even forsame species and the weight and shape have no effects on germination rate. 구상나무(Abies Koreana Wilson)는 우리나라 특산종으로, 멸종위기에 처해있다. 따라서, 본 연구는기후변화 생물지표수종으로 지정되어 점차 쇠퇴해가는 구상나무의 효율적인 증식을 위해 종자를 활용한증식기술개발을 목적으로 수행되었다. 4개의 집단으로부터 구상나무 종자를 채집하고 집단간 종자 및 발아특성에 대하여 기외와 기내로 나누어 조사하였다. 기외에서는 벽소령 004818과 004825종자가 21일부터 최초 발아를 시작하였으며 기내의 경우 노고단 004696종자와 벽소령 004818종자가 8일부터 최초 발아하였다. 기외에서 가장 높은 종자의 발아율은 벽소령 004825종자가 48.5%로, 가장 낮은 종자의 발아율은 덕유산 004703종자가 0.5%로 조사되었으며, 기내에서는 돼지평전 004694종자가 36%로, 덕유산004703종자가 0.7%로 조사되었다. 그 결과, 같은 종자임에도 기외와 기내에서의 종자 발아율에 차이를나타내는 것을 확인하였고, 종자의 중량과 형태는 발아율과 무관한 것으로 나타났다.

친환경 제제로부터 식물병원균에 대한 길항 미생물의 선발

강근혜 ( Guen Hye Gang ),차재율 ( Jae Yul Cha ),허빛나 ( Bit Na Heo ),이옥순 ( Og Sun Yi ),이용복 ( Yong Bok Lee ),곽연식 ( Youn Sig Kwak ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.1

BACKGROUND: Some microorganisms extant in nature have ability to suppress various plant pathogens, and also can promote plant growth. Thus microorganisms are such great source of antimicrobial agents to develop antagonistic microorganism production and eco-friendly crop management. We isolated the microorganisms in various eco-friendly formulations. The suppressive abilities against plant pathogens have been characterized in vitro level. METHODS AND RESULTS: The indigenous microorganisms have been isolated from Cooked rice, Black sugar, Rice Bran, and Red clay using dilution plating method. Population of bacteria and fungi were above 107 in the all formulations. We isolated and pure cultured the microorganisms based on morphological characteristics. Three major plant pathogens ( Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici) have been used to select antagonistic microorganisms. Total 20 bacteria and 9 fungi showed the pathogen growth suppression ability in vitro condition. The selected microorganisms were identified by ITS sequence similarity. CONCLUSION: All tested eco-friendly formulations contained high-density of the microorganisms. Among the isolated microorganisms, Bacillus spp . and Streptomyces spp. showed the most effective antifungal activity against the plant pathogens such as F. oxysporum, R. solani, and P. capsici. Among the selected fungi Trichoderma sp. demonstrated antifungal activity. Our results suggest that the currently adapted eco-friendly formulations might useful for sustain agricultural system.

미강제제 처리가 밭재배 고추의 생육, 이화학적 특성, 미생물 군집 및 시들음병 방제에 미치는 영향

이정한,강근혜,박경미,이용복,곽연식 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.48 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate that effect of eco-friendly rice bran formulation treatment on soil physiochemical property and microbial community of upland soil. Additionally, wilt disease suppression effectivity and pepper fruit yield were investigated. Nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium content the rice bran formulation were higher than those of RDA standard eco-friendly formulation. Hazardous component of the rice bran formulation was detected under acceptable level. Content of available phosphorus in the rice bran formulation treated upland soil was significantly higher than non-treated control soil until after harvesting the pepper crop. Soil microbial community of upland soils were not different between the treatment group and non-treated control. However, total microbial biomass was high at the treatment group campare to non-treated control. Pepper wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, was significantly suppressed by the rice bran formulation treatment and pepper fruit yield were increased 2.7 times higher than non-treated soil. 본 연구는 친환경제제인 미강제제를 처리하였을 때 고추 생육기간에 따른 토양의 이화학적 특성과 밭토양의 미생물 군집을 조사하였으며, 시들음병과 수확량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 제조된 미강제제의 이화학적 특성과 유해성분을 조사한 결과 농촌진흥청에서 제시한 기준인 비료공정규격보다 질소, 인산, 칼륨 최소함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유해성분 함량도 기준치 이하로 나타났다. 미강제제 처리 후 밭토양의 이화학적 특성은 고추생육이 끝난 시점에도 유효인산의 함량이 대조구에 비하여 높게 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) 분석에 의한 토양내의 미생물 군집을 조사한 결과 토양내 미생물 군집변화는 큰 차이가 없었으나 전체적인 미생물 생체량이 높게 나타났다. 미강제제 시용은 고추시들음병 방제효과 높게 나타났으며 이로 인해 고추수확량이 약 2.7배 높게 증수되는 효과가 나타났다.

멸종위기야생생물 Ⅱ급 솔붓꽃 종자의 발아특성

권재환,강근혜,정현진,김성훈,황부영,김병부 한국환경생태학회 2019 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2019 No.1

Changes of an endangered population of Iris dichotoma after conservation translocation in Taeanhaean National Park, Korea

노다겸,강근혜,최대훈,김병부,정현진,신대섭,류현선,최창호,Heehyeok KANG,손요환,소순구 한국식물분류학회 2023 식물 분류학회지 Vol.53 No.1

Sustainable habitats play a significant role in determining the survival and habitat preservation of endangered species. To conserve the endangered species Iris dichotoma Pall. and its habitat in Taeanhaean National Park, we collected seeds from a natural population and germinated and propagated them in a greenhouse. In 2019, the propagated individuals of I. dichotoma were transplanted at two study sites in Taeanhaean National Park. After conservation translocation, annual monitoring was conducted from 2020 to 2022, and factors related to the survival and growth of I. dichotoma (clonal propagation rate [%], the flowering rate [%], the population density [individual/m2], the maximum leaf bundle length [height; cm], the maximum leaf bundle width [cm], and the pedicel length [cm]) were measured. According to the results of the monitoring of the flowering and fruiting periods for three years after transplantation, 82.4% of individuals in total were found to have survived. During 2020 to 2022, the mean population density (individual/m2) increased from 0.36 to 0.42 and the size of the leaf bundle length and the width both decreased compared to the corresponding figures in 2019 (p < 0.05). According to the findings here, the transplanted population of I. dichotoma is considered to have adapted successfully to its new site in Taeanhaean National Park.

Epidemiology and Control of Strawberry Bacterial Angular Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Xanthomonas fragariae

김다란,강근혜,전창욱,강남준,이상우,곽연식 한국식물병리학회 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.4

Strawberry bacterial angular leaf spot (ALS) disease, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae has become in-creasingly problematic in the strawberry agro-indus-try. ALS causes small angular water-soaked lesions to develop on the abaxial leaf surface. Studies reported optimum temperature conditions for X. fragariae are 20°C and the pathogen suffers mortality above 32°C. However, at the nursery stage, disease symptoms have been observed under high temperature conditions. In the present study, results showed X. fragariae trans-mission was via infected maternal plants, precipita-tion, and sprinkler irrigation systems. Systemic infec-tions were detected using X. fragariae specificprimers 245A/B and 295A/B, where 300-bp and 615-bp were respectively amplified.During the nursery stage (from May to August), the pathogen was PCR detected only in maternal plants, but not in soil or irrigation water through the nursery stage. During the cultivation pe-riod, from September to March, the pathogen was de-tected in maternal plants, progeny, and soil, but not in water. Additionally, un-infected plants, when planted with infected plants were positive for X. fragariae via PCR at the late cultivation stage. Chemical control for X. fragariae with oxolinic acid showed 87% control ef-fects against the disease during the nursery period, in contrast to validamycin-A, which exhibited increased effiacy against the disease during the cultivation stage (control effect 95%). To our knowledge, this is the firstepidemiological study of X. fragariae in Korean straw-berry fields.

숙주식물을 활용한 멸종위기야생식물Ⅱ급 한라송이풀 종자의 형태 및 발아특성

김임규,박은희,강근혜,황부영,정현진,김민영,박정근,박삼봉,김봉규,추갑철 한국산림과학회 2019 한국산림과학회지 Vol.108 No.3

본 연구는 멸종위기야생식물 Ⅱ급인 한라송이풀(Pedicularis hallaisanensis)을 대상으로 종자를 통한 번식체계 확립 가능성을 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. 한라송이풀의 종자 형태는 난형이고, 종피는 진갈색을 띠고 있다. 종자의 단면을 잘라 확인한 배는 왜소형(Dwarf type)이었다. 종자의 길이는 평균(±표준편차) 0.47±0.07 ㎜이고, 너비는 0.16±0.006 ㎜, 두께는0.12±0.01 ㎜로 나타났다. 종자 1립의 무게는 0.0003±0.0001 ㎎이며, 천립중은 4.59±0.02 ㎎으로 나타났다. Tetrazolium (TZ) 검정에 의한 한라송이풀 종자의 활력도는 75.33%로 나타났다. 한라송이풀을 4주간 4℃에 저장한 후의 발아율은 71%로 가장높았고, 6주간 처리 64%, 8주간 처리 60%로 나타나 저장 기간이 증가할수록 발아율은 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 한라송이풀 종자에 영향을 미치는 숙주식물의 영향은 쑥에서 파종 후 53.5일에, 구절초는 62.5일에 최초로 발아를 하였다. 두 숙주식물에서 164일 이후에는 발아한 종자를 확인하지 못하였다. 쑥을 사용한 경우, 한라송이풀의 발아율은 평균 45.5%, 구절초는 19.5%로 나타났다. 평균 발아일수는 쑥에서 70.2일, 구절초에서는 46.8일로 나타났다. This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of establishing a reproductive system for the seed of Pedicularis hallaisanensis, which is in the endangered wild species II class in Korea. The seed of P. hallaisanensis is egg-shaped, and the seed coat is dark brown. The embryo was identified as a dwarf type by the seed section. The seed length was 0.47 ± 0.07 mm, width 0.16 ± 0.006 mm, and thickness 0.12 ± 0.01 mm. The weight of one seed was 0.0003 ± 0.0001 mg, and 1000 seeds weighed 4.59 ± 0.02 mg. The degree of seed viability was 75.33% by the tetrazolium (TZ) assay. The highest germination rate of P. hallaisanensis seed was 71% after 4 weeks of storage at 4°C. However, the germination rate tended to decrease gradually over a longer storage period. The germination rates after 6 or 8 weeks of storage at 4°C were 64% and 60%, respectively. We used two host plants, Artemisia princeps and Dendranthema zawadskii, to determine the effect of host plants on P. hallaisanensis seed germination. The germination of P. hallaisanensis mixed with A. princeps or D. zawadskii started at 53.5 and 62.5 days after sowing, respectively. We did not find any germination 164 days postsowing with both host plants. When A. princeps and D. zawadskii were used as host plants for P. hallaisanensis seed germination, P. hallaisanensis seed germination rates were 45.5% and 19.5%, respectively. The average time to germination was 70.2 days for A. princeps, and 46.8 days for D. zawadskii.

접종방법에 따른 딸기모무늬병원균의 발병도 검증 및 친환경 방제 효과

김다란(Da-Ran Kim),강근혜(Gun-hye Gang),조현지(Hyun-ji Cho),윤혜숙(Hae-Suk Yoon),명인식(In Sik Myoung),곽연식(Youn-Sig kwak) 한국농약과학회 2016 농약과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

딸기 세균모무늬병(Xanthomonas fragariae)의 방제를 위한 약제 선발

김다란(Da-Ran Kim),강근혜(Geun-Hye Gang),조현지(Hyun ji Cho),명인식(Inn-Shik Myung),윤혜숙(Hae-Suk Yoon),곽연식(Youn-Sig Kwak) 한국농약과학회 2015 농약과학회지 Vol.19 No.3