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鄭福禮 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶北醫大誌 Vol.21 No.2
1978年 4月 20日부터 同年 8月 7日 사이에 慶北大學校 醫科大學 附屬病院 胃鏡室에 胃內視鏡 檢査를 받으러 온 患者 200名을 對象으로 患春의 身體約, 또는 環境上의 條件 및 胃內視鏡檢査에 대한 사전 理解 등과 患者가 느끼는 苦痛 및 反應과의 關係를 檢討하여 다음과 같은 成績을 얻었다. 性別로는 女子가 男子보다 더 不安하고 또 더 苦痛을 느꼈으며 敎育程度別로는 敎育程度가 높을수록 적게 느끼는 傾向이 있었으나 有意的인 差는 없었다. 飮酒習性과 느끼는 著痛 사이에는 별 關聯性이 없었고 腎內視鏡檢査에 대해 事前 情報를 들은 일이 있는 群이 苦痛을 적게 느꼈고, 이 檢査에 대해 不安을 많이 느낄수록 더 若痛을 느꼈으며 患者의 體格과 느끼는 苦痛과의 사이에는 別 關聯性이 없었다. 檢査直後 檢査所感은 敎育程度가 높을수록, 診察頻度가 낮을수록, 不安感을 적게 느낄수륵 檢査를 잘해 보았다고 辰應하였다. 患者의 脈搏, 呼吸, 血壓은 檢査가 進行될수록 上昇하고 있었다. 入院患者의 경우 外來患者의 경우보다 檢査에 대한 看護員의 事前敎育이 잘되어 었었고, 不安感도 入院患者에서 적게 느끼는 傾向이 었었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of pain, anxious feeling, and changes in vital signs of patients in the course of gastroduodenofiberscopy and to discuss their reactions in connection with their personal back grounds, particularly their sex, ages, level of education. Two hundred patients were interviewed, and their vital signs were checked three times in the process of the examinations. This study was conducted from April, 20, 1978. to August 7, 1978. No significant results were noted in relation to ages and educational backgrounds. Most of the patients felt very anxious and experienced pain. The female patients reported more pain and were more anxious because of examinations than the male patients. The more anxious the patient felt, the greater the pain. The well-informed patients felt less than the uninformed patients. The inpatients were bettr informed than the outpatients. Vital signs of all patients were considerably increased just before and directly after the examination than just before the pretreatment for endoscopy. Most of the patients replied that they were satisfied to have the oppotunity to receive this examination.
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조은정,정복예 한국간호과학회 2002 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.4 No.3
The aim of this study was to describe women's embarrassability and embarrassment during cervical screening. Method: The subjects of this study were 82 women who had a cervical screening at a National University Hospital. The data were collected through personal interview using a questionnaire from February 4, 2001 to February 22, 2002. The questionnaire consisted of embarrassability scale, embarrassment Scale, and demographic data. Result: 1) The mean scores of situational embarrassability was 82.6 and that of dispositional embarrassability was 106.7. 2) The mean scores of subject's embarrassment was 54.3 and 48.7 in 10 stages of cervical screening. The following three situations of 10 stages of cervical screening were highly ranked as to be embarrassing: 'during the examination', 'waiting for a doctor', and 'climbing up the exam chair and positioning her thigh for a exam'. 3) There was a positive correlation between dispositional embarrassability and embarrassment of 10 stages of cervical screening. 4) There were significant differences in situational embarrassability of subjects according to education and the locations of service. There were significant differences in dispositional embarrassability of subjects with regard to frequencies of pregnancy. 5) There were significant differences in embarrassment of subjects during cervical screening with respect to age, age at the time of first smear and gender of the examiner. Conclusion: The finding of this study indicates that women experienced a high level of embarrassment during cervical screening, assuming a need for nursing intervention reduces women's embarrassment. Also, there is a positive correlation between embarrassability and embarrassment of cervical screening, suggesting a need for further research identifying the effect of nursing intervention on embarrassment according to embarrassability.
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곡류 및 그 가공품 중 아플라톡신과 데옥시니발레놀의 안전성 평가
김영수,김영숙,김명길,이성봉,이주예,오상헌,정유정,서미영,성진희,이완,이정복,윤미혜 한국식품위생안전성학회 2013 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.28 No.2
This study was carried out to assess the safety of cereals and their products (20 species, 205 samples)distributed in Gyeonggi province by analyzing contamination levels such as exposure frequency of Aflatoxins and Deoxynivalenol (DON). Aflatoxins were detected in 16 (8%) samples in total with a range of 0.01~27.88 μg/kg,including 3 of 9 bake flour (33%), 2 of 6 dried corn (33%), 3 of 12 frying flour (25%) and 2 of 11 sorghum (18%). DON was found in 56 (27%) samples including 11 of 13 adlay (85%), 6 of 8 wheat (75%), 6 of 10 processed corn for popcorn (60%), 6 of 11 sorghum (55%) and 7 of 16 barley (44%) with a range of 2.2~754.4 μg/kg. In particular, both Aflatoxins and DON were detected in 8 samples (2 millet, 2 wheat, 1 sorghum, 1 adlay, 1 dried corn, 1 bake flour)simultaneously. As a result of this study, we found that an adult is exposed to Aflatoxins of 0.80 (×) 10−3μg/kg b.w./day and DON of 0.18 μg/kg b.w./day. The quantity of exposure to DON amounted to 18.5 percentage level compared with PMTDI 1 μg/kg b.w./day suggested on JECFA, therefore we can assess that the possibility of health risks by intake cereals distributed in Gyeonggi province is low. However the concentration of Aflatoxins in one dried corn was 27.88 μg/kg which was over the maximum residue limits (MRL) suggested on internal and external level, the monitoring about mycotoxin should be conducted on continuously.
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