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        중앙아시아에서 종교지도자의 기능과 역할 : 물라, 셰이크, 비비아툰을 중심으로 With emphasis on Mullah, Sheik and Bibiotun

        우덕찬 한국이슬람학회 2003 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.13 No.2

        The aim of this paper is to examine the function and role of clerics in Central Asian Islam with emphasis on Mullah, Sheik and Bibiotun. In Central Asia there are two categories of mullah: official ones and unofficial ones. The social status of the two groups is very different. The first group, who have diplomas, conduct their religious activities openly on a legal basis. The unregistered mullahs conduct their religious activities clandestinely. They are recruited from among the students of the underground maktabs. While the unregistered mullahs conduct their duties on an illegal basis, their should have jobs to lead their lives. Comparing to the former, the latter serve Islam very well on daily level, because they know very well what their people need irrespective of islamic knowledges. Sheiks have a very large influence on the population of Central Asia, because they are in constant contact with people. The sheiks' primary influence is on the female portion of society, since the majority of pilgrims to the mazars are women, who believe the keepers of the mazars without question. It is here that the main shaper of children gets the values that she then transfers to the younger children. In Central Asian Islam, it is not too much to say that bibiotuns play very important roles in spreading islamic knowledges to society. The bibiotuns' primary influence is on the female portion of society like the mullahs. The job of the bibiotun is to oversee all the female rituals in the mahalla. It is taken by a woman who has been specially prepared for the role. In addition to absolutely thorough knowledge of the rituals, she must know the norms of good Muslim behaviour. Candidates for the post of bibiotun are chosen from among girls seven to eight years old. who then go through the same preparation in the girls' maktabs as the boys who will become the future mullahs do in theirs. As our important future task, the function and role of bibiotun should be reexamined well through field work.

      • 터키여성의 지위변화 : 아타투르크 집권기를 중심으로 With the Emphasis on the Era of Atatu¨rk

        우덕찬 부산 외국어 대학교 2003 外大論叢 Vol.26 No.-

        The purpose of this study is to examine the status change of turkish women with the emphasis on the era of Atatu¨rk. The Atatu¨rk regime that replaced the Ottoman rule in Turkey is often praised for promoting gender equality and emancipation of women. This study argues that the Atatu¨rk regime was limited in its intentions in regard to the change in women's social role and gender relations. In terms of legal policy framework, unequal treatment of sexes can be found in Criminal and Labor Laws, in addition to the Civil Law. In my opinion, Women's suffrage was a symbolic move, a part of democratic-image building which would distinguish the Turkish one-party rule from the other monolithic systems of the time. Although the Atatu¨rk regime assigned a considerable value to the education of women, education policy also appeared to be less than egalitarian. In fact, it reinforced the traditional gender role.

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        신강 무슬림 위구르의 분리주의운동

        우덕찬 중앙아시아학회 2008 中央아시아硏究 Vol.13 No.-

        The purpose of this study is to examine the separatist movement of the Uyghur in Xinjiang. After the incorporation of Xinjiang and the formation of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in 1955, the Chinese government tried to acculturate the region's minorities in to the Chinese state and integrate the region into China's economy. For the purpose of that, the Chinese government pursued hard policies and soft policies toward Xinjiang. The most important factor of the separatist movement of the Uyghur in Xinjiang originates from the creation of the ethnonym Uyghur and the formation of its identity. The Uyghur's political, economic and religious deprivation are also another important factors leading to the prevalence of the separatist movement in the region. A lot of terrorist forces are operating in China and abroad. The Eastern Turkistan Movement(ETIM) is the most dangerous international terrorist organization in the region. In addition to that, the organizations for Uyghur cause abroad voice the separatist movements via the internet web sites. The Chinese government reacts to the separatist movement in the region by using the military forces under the banner of Strike Hard and Maximum Pressure campaign and establishing the multilateral Security Cooperation organization, namely the Shanghai Cooperation organization. The purpose of this study is to examine the separatist movement of the Uyghur in Xinjiang. After the incorporation of Xinjiang and the formation of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in 1955, the Chinese government tried to acculturate the region's minorities in to the Chinese state and integrate the region into China's economy. For the purpose of that, the Chinese government pursued hard policies and soft policies toward Xinjiang. The most important factor of the separatist movement of the Uyghur in Xinjiang originates from the creation of the ethnonym Uyghur and the formation of its identity. The Uyghur's political, economic and religious deprivation are also another important factors leading to the prevalence of the separatist movement in the region. A lot of terrorist forces are operating in China and abroad. The Eastern Turkistan Movement(ETIM) is the most dangerous international terrorist organization in the region. In addition to that, the organizations for Uyghur cause abroad voice the separatist movements via the internet web sites. The Chinese government reacts to the separatist movement in the region by using the military forces under the banner of Strike Hard and Maximum Pressure campaign and establishing the multilateral Security Cooperation organization, namely the Shanghai Cooperation organization.

      • 突厥史上에 나타난 몇몇 問題點에 關한 硏究

        禹悳燦 釜山 外國語 大學校 1996 外大論叢 Vol.14 No.1

        In spite of the very richness and high quality of some the early literature dealing with the history of Tu-chueh(突厥), there are many questions which should be solved. For example, the origin of Tu-chueh has not been solved yet. Most of scholars have the opinions that Tu-chueh originated from Hsiung-nu(匈奴), But in my opinion, it is necessary that the origin of Tu-chueh should be sought in the tribe which has been acknowledged as a Turkic because of the origin of Hsiung-nu's not being solved. This tribe is Ting-ling(丁零) of which country located north of Hsiung-nu. According to the chinese sources, the name of Ting-ling changed throughout the history like this : Ti(狄)<Ting-ling(丁零)<Kao-che Ting-ling(高車 丁零)<Kao-che(高車)<Tie-le(鐵勒) The country of Kao-che which had been constructed in Jungaria, was destroyed by Jou-jan(??然) around the beginnings of 6th century. As, the result, Kao-che tribes which had been living in the neighbourhood of Altai Mountains, entered under the control of Jou-jan. We know from the Chinese sources that the family of A-shi-na(阿史那), who constructed the. Tu-chueh empire, strengthened around Altai Mountains and revolted against Jou-jan. This evidence leads us to the conclusion that the family of A-shi-na, namely ancestors of Tu-chueh, originated from a series of group : Ti<Ting-ling<Kao-che Ting-lng<Kao-che<Tie-le. Since the epochmaking researchs of Banish scholar Thomsen about the Orkhon inscriptions, there have been made good works and researchs by turcologists about the Orkhon inscriptions. But we have a lot of problens which should be reconsiderated and solved in the inscriptions of Bilge Kagan and Kul Tigin. These problems are related with the exact meanings of some words like Kokturk, Bunun, Istemi, Toles and Tardus. As the result of this study, we can conclude about the exact meanings of the abovementioned words like these : The very word of Kokturk has various meanings, which are needed further studies. Bumin and Istemi are the names of ancestors of the people of Tu-chueh, which are not the words of Tu-men and Shi-te-mi in the Chinese literatures. The of the words. Toles and Tardus, which are not the tribe names, are the names of eastern and western district respectively which divide the second Tu-chueh empire.

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