정신과 병실의 치료환경에 대한 평가 : (Ⅱ)3개 병실환경에 대한 특성간의 비교연구 (Ⅱ)A Comparison Study Among The Characteristics of 3 Different Therapeutic Milieus.

박정주,이만홍,신동범 大韓神經精神醫學會 1985 신경정신의학 Vol.24 No.3

The importance of milieu characteristics of psy-chiatric inpatient treatment programs has been widely recognized and a number of instruments hare been developed to measure these milieu char-acteristics. Amog these instruments, the Ward Atmosphere Scale (WAS), which was developed by Dr. Moos and his colleagues in the Social Ecology Laboratory at the Stanford University, is one of the most widely used and the most reliable test. In previous study of this series by the authers, the WAS proved to be applicable with the subs-tantial reliability in Korea and useful in system-atic comparisons among the different therapeutic milieus of Korea and possibly between the char-acteristics of American and Korean Programs. So for the next step, the authers administered the WAS to 291 subjects sampled from 3 different psychiatric inpatient wards: Custodial ward(CUW), Medically oriented ward (MOW) and the authers’ Therapeutic community ward(TCW) to assess the characteristics of social atmospheres of several different therapeutic milieus. The authers com-pared these 3 different psychiatric wards: CUW, MOW and TCW and compared the subgroups according to subject’s status in each therapeutic milieu: staff, student and patient and finally compared a Korean TCW to American Normative Sample. The results were as follows: 1. The subscale means of WAS were highest in TCW, and MOW, CUW in order. 2. According to the characteristics of Dimension of WAS, TCW was analogous to Therapeutic community program, MOW to Relationship-oriented program and CUW to Control-oriented program of Price and Moos. 3. Patients perceived their therapeutic milieus as more restricted by staffs and more difficult to express anger and aggression openly than staffs perceived in all three psychiatric wards. And staffs saw their therapeutic milieus more positively and optimistically in TCW and more negatively and pessimistically in CUW. 4. The subscale means of WAS were higher in a Korean TCW than American Normative Sample but anger and aggression was lower in a Korean TCW than American Normative Sample significantly.

스케일불변 특징의 삼차원 재구성을 통한 이동 로봇의 상대위치추정

신동범,길세기,이종실,유제군,이응혁,홍승홍 대한전기학회 2006 전기학회논문지 D Vol.55 No.4(D)

- A key component of autonomous navigation of intelligent home robot is localization and map building with recognized features from the environment. To validate this, accurate measurement of relative location between robot and features is essential. In this paper, we proposed relative localization algorithm based on 3D reconstruction of scale invariant features of two images which are captured from two parallel cameras. We captured two images from parallel cameras which are attached in front of robot and detect scale invariant features in each image using SIFT(scale invariant feature transform). Then, we performed matching for the two image's feature points and got the relative location using 3D reconstruction for the matched points. Stereo camera needs high precision of two camera's extrinsic and matching pixels in two camera image. Because we used two cameras which are different from stereo camera and scale invariant feature point and it's easy to setup the extrinsic parameter. Furthermore, 3D reconstruction does not need any other sensor. And the results can be simultaneously used by obstacle avoidance, map building and localization. We set 20cm the distance between two camera and capture the 3frames per second. The experimental results show ±6cm maximum error in the range of less than 2m and ±15cm maximum error in the range of between 2m and 4m.

메일라드 반응과 노화

신동범 제주대학교 생명과학연구소 1999 제주생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.-

It is obvious that the Maillard reaction, also called glycation or non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins by carbohydrates, is related with molecular and cellular lesion in aging and age-related diseases. Aging is characterized by progressive, irreversible and deleterious changes in tissue function. Some of the most pronounced changes occur in tissues with long-lived proteins such as in the extra and intracellular matrix, the lens and the brain. Most of these changes are dramatically worsened by diabetes. By and large, most of the changes observed in aging occur twice faster in diabetes. The importance of the Maillard reaction in aging of living organisms has been appreciated only recently. In the advanced stage of this reaction, advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs) accumulate in tissues as a function of time and sugar concentration. AGEs also induce permanent abnormalities in extra and intracellular matrix component function, stimulate cytokine and reactive oxygen species production through AGE-specific receptors, and modify intracellular proteins.

치료공동체에 있어서의 치료자의 역전이적 반응

이만홍,강봉선,신동범 大韓神經精神醫學會 1986 신경정신의학 Vol.25 No.2

Countertransferential reation, here was defined in a broader sense by the authors to mean not only therapist's own problem, conflict, expectation and drive toward the patient, but also conflict originated from therapists' subgroup interaction and conflict originated from the value system as a whole therapeutic milieu. As individual psychotherapy, therapists' own problem and countertransferential reaction should be grasped, understood, and analysed also in milieu therapy to improve therapeutically the social system where they are belonged to. The authors deeply realized the importance of these reactions to improve the milieu system from their experiences of running Wonju Therapeutic Community for the last three years, and in this paper, they tried to grasp therapists' problems and countertransferential reactions elicited through deep individual interview from 17 staff members who had worked or has been working in their community. The contents were discussed on four variables as follows: 1)Therapist Variable: Therapists usually feel much more psychological pressure and tension in the therapeutic community than in other hospital environment, and they also realize much change in the their personality mainly to positive direction since working in the therapeutic community. 2)Inter-Staff Variable: The inter-staff conflict influences directly to the patient's psychopathology so that it should be under stood and analysed through interpersonal and inter-subgroup communication. 3)Leadership Variable: Longing for strong, even charismatic leadership is expressed by all staffs paradoxically in order to establish democracy in the therapeutic community, and various expectation and phantasy of the staffs were directed to the leader. 4)Counteransferential Variable: There always exists bipolar cycle of stable stagnation and conflictual turmoil in the therapeutic community. Interstaff conflict rather than individual staff conflict more frequently provided the chance to provoke counter transferential reation, and most staff thought that occational direct expression of the reation toward the patient is much healthier than absolute suppression.

벼 키다리병 방제를 위한 차아염소산나트륨 이용

신동범,고재덕,이봉춘,강인정,강항원 한국식물병리학회 2014 식물병연구 Vol.20 No.4

For application of sodium hypochlorite as a seed disinfectant to the control of bakanae disease caused by Gibberella fujikuroi in rice, we investigated the effects of sodium hypochlorite for antifungal activity, eliminating fungus from seeds and reducing disease occurrence in vitro and greenhouse. The viability of the pathogen was significantly reduced at 80 ml/l concentration of sodium hypochlorite, and the pathogens did not grow at over 100 ml/l concentration of sodium hypochlorite. The effect of eliminating fungus was 90% at treatment of 0.3% sodium hypochlorite solution to infected rice seeds for eight hours. When the rice seeds were soaked into 0.5% and 0.3% sodium hypochlorite solutions for twelve hours, the disease incidences of rice seedling were remarkably reduced to 4.3% and 4.7%, respectively, compared to 97.3% of non-treatment control. The rates of seedling stand were 29.1% and 26.9% higher with the sodium hypochlorite treatment than that of non-treatment control. When prochloraz and sodium hypochlorite was treated to naturally severely infested rice seeds with bakanae disease, the disinfection effect was higher than that of prochloraz alone treatment. When the seeds were soaked in sodium hypochlorite before or after prochloraz, the rate of seed contamination was low as 4.0% or 6.3%, respectively, compared to prochloraz alone as 13.7%. The disease incidence was low as 3.7% or 8.3%, respectively, compared to prochloraz alone as 14.3%. The disinfection effect of treatment with prochloraz after sodium hypochlorite was higher than that of treatment with prochloraz before sodium hypochlorite.

답리작 상치 시설재배지에서의 균핵병 발생생태에 관한 연구

신동범,이준탁,Shin Dong Bum,Lee Joon Tak 한국식물병리학회 1987 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.3 No.4

답후작으로 시설재배되는 상치에 발생한 균핵병의 발생생태에 대하여 조사연구한 결과, 상치 균핵병은 전생육기간을 통하여 발생하였는데, 특히 유묘기에 피해가 심하였다. 후병지$(30\times30\times5cm)$내의 균핵수는 유묘기에 22.0개, 수확기에는 5.3개가 검출되었다. 이상치 균핵병 (S. sclerotiorum)의 균사생장적온은 $25^{\circ}C$였고, $15^{\circ}C$이하의 온도에서는 $20^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서보다 균핵의 형성수는 적었으나 큰 균핵을 형성하였고 건물중도 높았다. 토양깊이 및 시기별로 균핵을 매몰하였을 때 3월, 4월 9월의 매몰구에서는 토양깊이 3cm구까지 자양반을 형성하였으나, 6월, 12월의 매몰구에서는 90일간의 조사기간내에는 자 반을 형성하지 않았다. 그리고 중력수만 제거한 토양과 담수토양내에서 균핵을 $25^{\circ}C$와 $30^{\circ}C$로 5주간 처리하였을 때 $100\%$의 균핵이 사멸하였다. 고압멸균된 상치 식물체절편과 함께 균핵을 상치에 접종하였을 때 균핵의 균사형성에 의한 감염이 일어났으며, 포장주위식물에 대한 병원성 조사에서는 조사식물 9과 31종중 화본료 식물을 제외한 8과 25종의 식물에 병원성을 나타냈다. 그러므로 답리작으로 시설재배되는 상치에 발생한 균핵병의 전염원은 포장주위의 기주식물에 형성된 균핵이라고 생각된다. Incidence of lettuce drop was observed throughout the growing season in the vinylhouse at the southern part of Korea, Kimhai. Occurrence of this disease was especially severe at the seedling stage. Number of sclerotia in surface soil $(30\times30\times5cm)$ was 22.0 at the seedling stage, and 5.3 at harvest in the infected area. Temperature for mycelial growth ranged from 5 to $30^{\circ}C$ with optimum temperature at $25^{\circ}C$. Sclerotia were formed fewer at low temperature, but their size was larger resulting in heavier dry weight than that at high temperature. The apothecia were formed from the sclerotia that were buried in March, April and September upto 3cm soil depth, but formed from those buried only 1 em soil depth in October. Sclerotia buried in June and December did not form apothecia regardless of soil depth by 90 days. The sclerotia buried in the 5cm of soil depth did not form apothecia. Sclerotia that were embedded in wet or flooded soil at $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ for 5 weeks lost their viability. Infection of lettuce was possible with mycelia originated from sclerotia on autoclaved lettuce plant fragments. The fungus was pathogenic on 25 plant species in 8 families in artificial inoculation tests. Lettuce seedlings appeared to be infected by airborne ascospore originated from sclerotia on crops and weeds around paddy fields, because sclerotia existing in soil might perish under long flood conditions during rice cultivation.

Glycatoin에 의한 단백질중합체의 가교구조의 탐색

신동범,홍상칠,신완철,윤성식,양융 한국노화학회 1992 한국노화학회지 Vol.2 No.1

아미노-칼보닐 反應에 關한 硏究

梁隆,申東範 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1980 논문집 Vol.12 No.1

Reaction conditions in the amino-carbonyl reaction, and the effect of amino acids on the reactivity of amino-carbonyl reaction were investigated. Results obtained are as follows: 1. When the pH of the reaction mixture was increased above the isoelectric point of an amino acid, a significant increase in the color intensity was observed. 2. The color intensity increased gradually up to 1:1 of the molar ratio of reactants. This result was interpreted to show that sugar and free amino group combined in 1:1 ratio. 3. Amino-carbonyl reaction showed a significant time and temperature-dependence. The activa-tion energy at 0.2M glucose and 0.2M glycine system was 37.5kcal/mole. 4. Among amino acids tested, glycine, lysine and β-Alanine caused a significant increase in the color intensity, but acidic amino acids showed the least color intensity. The latter was in terpreted to show that one of carboxyl groups of acidic amino acid has an in hibiting effect on the reactivity of the amino group. 5. The color intensity of sugars tested was in the order of xylose>arabinose>fructose>glucose>maltose>lactose.

미생물 포괄고정화를 위한 고정화재의 비교검토

신동범,윤창훈,강경수 제주대학교 환경연구소 1997 환경연구논문집 : 제주대 Vol.5 No.-

We conducted the experiments to find out the appropriate gelling materials for the treatment of waste water by immobilizing microorganisms inside the gels. The gelling materials known to immobilize microorganisms or cells in them are polyacrylamide, polyvinylalcohol, sodium alginate, κ-carrageenan and chitosan. The gel strengths were determined by the breaking points of the pellet using a rheometer with reaction time. The polyacrylamide gels were retained their solidities and activities excellently compared with the other pellets of polyvinylalcohol, sodium alginate and chitosan with reaction time. It is considered that, in the other hand, the polyacrylamide gels are toxic to the single microorganisms and cells by free radicals during the formation of gels. We used activated sludge for the mmobilization, so it didn't matter the toxicity caused by free radicals. The profiles of waste water treatment by all the immobilized pellets using in this study were showed nearly similar patterns, but gel strength of all the gels except polyacrylamide pellets were getting weak and weak as reaction time goes by. It was concluded that the polyacrylamide gels are excellent for immobilization of activated sludge for waste water treatment, but in the case of immobilization of single microorganisms or cells, natural polysaccharides of sodium alginate, κ -carrageenan or chitosan are thought to be suitable, and it must be developed the techniques for elevating gel strength of nautral polysaccharides.

발병률 점점 높아지는 경향 - 약제선택시 내성균 문제 고려해야

신동범 한국작물보호협회 1994 자연과 농업 Vol.15 No.2