器質的 腦症候群의 臨床的 考察

朴宗鶴,韓弘武 慶熙大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶熙 醫大 論文集 Vol.5 No.1

디자인의 동일 또는 유사 여부 판단

박종학(Jong Hak Park) 세창출판사 2010 창작과 권리 Vol.- No.60

Modern society is product-oriented one. Various products that are manufactured and sold stimulate consumers' desire. Hence, the manufacturer tries to make products that are equipped with beautiful appearance as well as excellent quality and functions. For consumers, who want to express their personalities through their products as a total fashion, regards a design on their products as an important decision factor for buying the products. This design is created from constant research and efforts, not naturally. Strong legal protection for the design is required because the design, which is difficult to be created, is easy to be copied. Therefore, design protection law tightly protects an issued design: applied designs which is same and similar with publically-known, publically-used ones are denied due to lack of novelty. In this context, it is important legal issue to determine whether the compared designs are same or similar each other because this sameness or similarity is used when determining novelty of design, pre-application, expanded pre-application. Also, they are used when determining the scope of the issued design's right and protection. It is highly important to legal theory and solution for legal dispute to study on the criteria of design's sameness and similarity, which is the most important factor for design protection. In addition, more understanding for new cases is required in the legal system of design protection law and intellectual property law. Also, more leading cases, which do not harm legal stability and seek detailed plausibility, are needed to be settled.

汤显祖의 文學思想 形成 중에서 道敎의 影響小考

박종학 한국중국문화학회 2010 中國學論叢 Vol.30 No.-

汤显祖是晚明时期有名的文学作家,特别,他的文学思想酝酿时期受到道教的影响很大。显祖是生于富有道教气息浓厚的下层知识分子的家庭。显祖祖父对道教非常有信心,因此他自己每天修行道教。显祖祖母的姓是魏,当时显祖家乡的人们都叫她魏夫人。原来,道教的历史上,魏夫人是站很重要位置的。所以,当地人认为显祖祖母和魏夫人有亲戚关系。显祖祖母不是专门修行道教的,但是,她的生活方式都是从道教受影响而形成的。显祖家乡的人都很欣赏显祖祖母的生活态度和她的人生观。显祖是从小受他祖父母的影响而长大。因而,显祖的心目中,自然而然刻印了道教色彩。以前,中国古代,要考科举,一定要学习古文和经书。当时,显祖的古文老师是徐良傅。徐良傅也是进士出身,而且他也是对道教有信心。看起来,徐良傅也是专门修行道教。显祖当时,师徒的关系如同父子的关系一样密切。因此,显祖是自然而然受徐良傅的影响。 显祖28岁时又考不上进士,又他的两个女儿死了。绝望之中,显祖归依道教之后,才能活着。这个时期,显祖尽力修炼道教。显祖自己修炼道教之后,对道教的看法改变了。 显祖34岁时,终于考上进士,而可以走仕途之路。此时,显祖无法修炼道教,只是在心里存在着。所有那么自由奔放性格的显祖,几十年的官场生涯不会很顺利。 无论如何,显祖年轻时期,花了一段时间修炼过道教,所以他的文学思想里能收容道教思想。因此,显祖退职,回故里之后,他可以专心的创作许多有名的戏剧作品。

염산 트라마돌을 함유하는 PLGA 미립구의 제조 및 방출거동

박종학 ( Jong Hak Park ),엄신 ( Shin Eom ),안식일 ( Sik Il Ahn ),김대성 ( Dae Sung Kim ),김원 ( Won Kim ),이동원 ( Dong Won Lee ),유일수 ( Il Sou Yoo ),이종문 ( John M Rhee ),강길선 ( Gil Son Khang ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2009 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.6 No.4

Tramadol HCl(TH)-loaded poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) microspheres were prepared by O/O solvent evaporation method for sustained release. We investigated the release behavior according to PLGA molecular weight and concentration. TH-loaded PLGA microspheres were characterized on the surface and cross-section morphology by SEM. TH-loaded PLGA microspheres had smooth surfaces and various pores in internal structure. As the PLGA molecular weight and PLGA concentration increased, the release rate of TH decreased. The behaviors of degradation was decreased according to increased PLGA molecular weight. These results showed that the release behaviors can be controlled by various of molecular weight and concentration of PLGA.

탕현조(湯顯祖)의 문학이론(文學理論) 중 “의(意)”, “취(趣)”에 대한 연구

박종학 ( Jong Haak Park ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2014 인문학연구 Vol.50 No.4

湯顯祖는 “意”를 意圖나 생각된 主題 또는 마음속에 함축된 意味를 지니고 동시에 情感 있는 藝術形象으로 보았다. 그는 “意”가 創作의 초기 단계인 創作活動의 主體로 보고 또한 特定한 情感을 가지고 있다고 보았다. 湯顯祖는 創作 된 藝術作品이 眞正한 정감을 강조했고 “意”는 情感的인 心理活動으로 보았다. 顯祖는“意”를 문학 작품 창작에 가장 중요한 요소로 보았다. 현조가 戱劇作品을 創作할 때에 “意”는 가장 먼저 考慮해야할 藝術의 原則으로 생각했다. 顯祖는 “情”의 동력으로 “意”가 形成되고 이것이 바탕이 되어 藝術的인 形象化가 이루어진다고 보았다. 湯顯祖의 審美體驗은 본인의 文學理論 중에서 이야기한 “趣”와 직접적인 관련이 있다고 생각했다. 審美體驗과 동일시 되는 “趣”는 바로 인간이면 누구나 갈망하는 本性으로 보았다. 人間이 藝術作品이나 文學作品에 대한 감상의 욕구는 결국 審美體驗에 대한 熱望이다. 顯祖는 文學理論중에서 “趣”와 직접적인 관련이 있는 審美體驗을 구현하는데 제약받지 않고 충분히 상상력을 발휘할 수 있는 浪漫主義적인 手法을 선호했다. 湯顯祖는 기이하고 괴벽스럽고 황당한 것이 새로운 영역의 문학으로 발전하여 독자들에게 독특한 審美體驗의 세계로 인도할 것을 주장했고, 또 이 호기심이 새로운 분야의 審美體驗의 世界를 개척할 수 있다고 보았다. Tang xian zu(湯見祖) regarded “Yi(意)” as the art figure that has the intended or thought theme or the implicit meaning in mind and simultaneously has emotion. He considered “Yi(意)” to be the main agent of creative activity, which is the early stage in creation, and also to have specific feeling. Xian zu emphasized the true emotion in the created work of art and deemed “Yi(意)” to be the emotionally psychological activity. Xian zu regarded “Yi(意)” as the most important element in creating a literature work. When xian zu creates comedy, he saw “Yi(意)” as the principle of art that will need to be considered first. Xian zu(顯祖) thought that “Yi(意)” is formed by the power of “Qing(情)” and that the artistic imagery is made on the basis of this. Xian zu`s aesthetic experience was thought to be directly related to “Qu(趣)” of having been said out of his literature theory. “Qu(趣),” which is identified with the aesthetic experience, was considered to be just human nature for which anybody yearns when it comes to a human being. A human being`s desire for the appreciation of art work or literature work is ultimately a crave for aesthetic experience. Xian zu preferred a romantic method available for fully displaying imagination without being restricted by implementing aesthetic experience of being directly related to “Qu(趣)” out of the literature theory. Xian zu insisted on guiding readers to the world of the uniquely aesthetic experience by which a strange, eccentric, and absurd thing is developed as literature in new sphere, and also saw that this curiosity can pioneer the world of aesthetic experience in a new field.

靑黃散의 白血病에 對한 抗腫瘍效能 硏究

朴鍾鶴,孫彰奎,趙鍾寬 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2002 혜화의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

In the literatual study of anti-tumor effects of chunghwangsan for leukemia, the results were as follows. 1. Chunghwangsan is composed of Indigo naturalis and Realgar. The composing rate is 9 : 1 and it is made into capsule or piece. The basic administration is 0.3g per day and could increase the quantity each day. 2. The effects of Chunghwangsan is expelling toxin and colling, colling blood to detumescence, drying wetness and anticancer are. So it can be used to treat AML, CML and lymphoma. 3. The anticancer component of Indigo naturalis is indirubin which has the effects of suppression the transplanted tumor, activating the phagocyte of macrophage, promoting the maturation of myeloblast to improve cure rate of CML. The anticancer component of Realgar is As_2O_3 which has the direct celluar toxicity for leukemia cell. 4. In viewpoints of oriental medicine, leukemia is malgnant myeloid neoplasia in which pathogen invade to shaoyin(少陰). So Chunghwangsan which is expelling toxin and colling, colling blood to detumescence, drying wetness and anticancer is effective to leukemia. 5. In clinical reports, Chunghwang is often used in CML, and also used in AML, lymphoma and so on. 6. Chunghwangsan is cool-natured, so we must carefully pay attention to pregnant women and hematsdthenic patients. The main side effects are nausea, bone marrow pain, diarrhea, polydefecation, hematokezia and purpora. We sometimes take invigorating stomach medicine to prevent the side effects. 7. If we continuously develop Chunghwangsan and therapy for leukemia with syndrome differentiation, we can improve the response and cure rate for leukimia in the future.

복부 자상환자의 처치에 대한 응급의학에서의 고찰

박종학 ( Jong Hak Park ),김정윤 ( Jung Youn Kim ),신준현 ( Jun Hyun Shin ),윤영훈 ( Young Hoon Yoon ),조한진 ( Han Jin Cho ),문성우 ( Sung Woo Moon ),최성혁 ( Sung Hyuk Choi ),이성우 ( Sung Woo Lee ),홍윤식 ( Yun Sik Hong ) 대한외상학회 2010 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.23 No.1

Purpose: In Korea, most abdominal penetrating wounds are caused by stab wounds rather than gun-shot wounds. However, not many studies have been performed on stab injuries and their epidemiologic characteristics. Disagreements of opinions of obligatory surgical exploration and conservative treatment exist, and this subject is still being debated. Therefore, the authors studied the epidemiologic characteristics of abdominal stab wound patients visiting the emergency department and reviewed the proportion of patients that received nontherapeutic surgery and conservative treatment. Methods: This study included patients visiting the emergency department with abdominal stab wounds. A retrospective chart review was done on the abdominal stab wound patients. Sex, age, cause of injury, location of wound, initial vital signs, operation results, injured organs and CT & LWE results were reviewed. Results: The median age of the 121 patients was 40.9 years, of these patients, 88 were males, of which 52 (43.0%) were drunken. Of the patients that received non-therapeutic operations, only 3 patients (15.0%) were drunken, significantly lower than the therapeutic operation group. For the location of the wound, most patients were injured in the right and left upper quadrants, 27 patients each. The most common injured organ was the small bowel; 13 patients were injured in the small bowel. With abdominal CT scans and local wound explorations together, the results exhibited a sensitivity of 97%, a specificity of 44%, a positive predictive value of 56%, and a negative predictive value of 95%. Conclusion: In our study, the sensitivity was 97% when CT & LWE were performed together; thus we can conclude that CT and LWE can be used together to select the treatment method. Although in our study, the surgical indications in abdominal stab wound patients is not sufficient, our results showed a higher rate of nontherapeutic surgery compared to previous studies. Therefore, more research is needed to prevent unnecessary laparotomies in hemodynamically-stable patients without symptoms. (J Korean Soc Traumatol 2010;23:21-28)

湯若士의 문학사상형성중에서 達觀禪師와 관계 小考

박종학 한국중국문화학회 2008 中國學論叢 Vol.26 No.-

汤显祖是晚明时期有名的文学作家,特别 他的文学思想酝酿时期受到达观禅师的影响很大。显祖一生当中,见五次达观禅师。显祖第三次见达观禅师时 他们之间 已经形成了师徒关系。从那时候开始,显祖一直跟达观禅师修炼,不过显祖佛教方面没有得到很好的结果。 显祖辞掉官僚生活以后, 他在家乡隐居, 那时候 达观禅师到临川找显祖。这是他们之间,第五次相遇。显祖很高兴得接待达观禅师。然后,他们花了几天的时间一起坐船到南昌去旅游。他们的旅途之中,从晚上到第二天清晨达观禅师专门为显祖讲佛教的道理。显祖听达观禅师的佛教说法之后,可以深入得了解佛教。显祖对佛教更有信心了。达观禅师的佛教讲座把聪明伶俐的显祖可以引进的陶醉境界。 显祖和达观禅师的讨论过程之中,达观禅师的帮助之下,显祖深刻的领会了有关佛家的无生 无情 无漏 无取 无始 空 色的道理。显祖在自己写得诗里,已经讲了靠紫柏禅而修的情况。无论如何,这几天的旅程之中,达观禅师为显祖讲解了佛法的博大精深,显祖听了之后,太激动 因而显祖流眼泪。 显祖和达观禅师离别之后,达观禅师给显祖写一封信,在信里,达观禅师为显祖仔细讲解有关色和空的道理。以后 显祖理解了色和空的道理。因而 显祖的多大数的戏剧・传奇等作品里可以见到佛教思想的影子。梦也是显祖文学美学思想的一个重要的部分。

「牧丹亭」에서 보는 유가사상(儒家思想) -탕현조(湯顯祖)가 추구한 ``정(情)``을 중심으로-

박종학 ( Jong Haak Park ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2012 인문학연구 Vol.41 No.3

「목단정(牧丹亭)」은 탕현조에게 내재된 유(儒) 불(佛) 도(道)의 삼가(三家) 사상이 밑바탕이 되어 창작된 것이다. 그 중에서도 특히 당대의 중심 사상으로 지배적인 선진 유가사상은「목단정(牧丹亭)」의 사상적 배경으로 작용하여 탕현조가 추구하는 ``정(情)``의 이론을 잘 보여주고 있다. 예술작품에서 정적(情的)인 요소가 결여된다면 너무 무미건조하여 사람들의 공감을 이끌어 낼 수는 없을 것이다. 현조가 생각하는 ``정(情)``은 모든 예술작품이 이루어지는 원동력으로 보았다. 그리고 현조는 자신의 문학사상을 잘 구현하여 창작 작품「목단정(牧丹亭)」을 만들었다. 현조가 강조한 ``정(情)``은 이미 선진의 유가들이 충분히 그 가치를 인정했다. 『예기(禮記)』, 『시경(詩經)』, 『맹자(孟子)』 등의 유가 경전에서 이미 인간의 내면에 깊숙이 자리 잡고 있는 ``정(情)``의 진면목을 소상히 설명하고 있다. 현조는 ``정(情)``의 화신으로, 「목단정(牧丹亭)」의 여주인공 두여낭(杜麗娘)이란 인물을 창조해내어 그만의 독특한 희극 예술세계를 극대화시켰다. ``정(情)``은「목단정(牧丹亭)」의 예술세계 형성에 있어서 가장 중요한 요소로서, 이는 선진 유가들이 긍정적으로 본 ``정(情)``과 연관성이 있다. 현조가 창작한 「목단정(牧丹亭)」은 이 ``정(情)``을 실현하는 인물로 여자 주인공인 두여낭(杜麗娘)을 전형화 하였다. 꿈에서 본 남자를 사모하는 ``정(情)``으로 인해 여주인공 두여낭(杜麗娘)이 죽고, 다시 사랑하는 ``정(情)``의 힘으로 부활한다는 희극 작품이다. 또한 유가 사상이 잘 반영되어 나타난 두보(杜寶)와 유몽매(柳夢梅)의 인물의 전형도 잘 보여주고 있다. Mudanting was created based on three ideas such as confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism embedded in Tangxianzu. Especially Among them, advanced confucian idea as a central thought at that time influenced the idealogical background of Mudanting and showed the theory of Qing that Tangxianzu had pursed. If a work of art could be lack of Qing, it would not arouse people`s sympathy. Tangxianzu considered Qing as a motive of a work of art and created Mudanting realizing his literary thought. The previous confucian scholars already appreciated the value of Qing that Tangxianzu had emphasized. The real value of Qing deeply formed in the inner world of people was expressed in the scriptures of Liji, Shijing and Mengzi. Tangxianzu as the incarnation of Qing created the character of heroine Dulinang and maximized his uniquely comic world of art. Qing, which was closely related to the previous confucian scholars` Qing, was the most important element in the process of forming the world of art of Mudanting. Mudanting created by Tangxianzu was a model of a heroine Dulinang as a character realizing Qing. She fell in love with a man although she just met him not in reality but in a dream and became dead because of it. However, in the end, she raised from the dead by virtue of Qing. And also it showed the typical models of Dubao and Liumengmei reflected well in the confucian ideas.

도시철도 고압배전케이블의 열화진단에 관한 고찰

박종학(Jong-Hak Park),오효석(Hyo-Seok Oh),장진영(Chin-Young Chang),강정원(Geong-Won Kang) 대한전기학회 2021 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.5

배전용 고압 케이블은 전기적, 열적 특성이 우수한 가교 폴리에틸렌을 절연체로 하는 가교폴리에틸렌 절연비닐 시스 케이블(이하, CV케이블)이 주류를 이루고 있으며, 고압 케이블의 특징과 열화진단의 필요성에 대하여 고찰하고자 한다.