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박천수(朴天秀) 한국상고사학회 2010 한국상고사학보 Vol.69 No.-
본 연구는 고분의 曆연대에 대해 100년 이상의 연대폭을 보이는 등 심각한 견해차를 노정되고 있는 신라 가야고분의 역연대를 구축하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 먼저 연구사를 검토하고 피장자의 추정이 가능한 고구려 태왕릉 출토 마구, 기년명을 가진 중국제 도자기와 공반된 백제마구, 일본열도의 연륜연대 자료 등을 통하여 한일고분의 교차편년의 기준이 되는 경주시 황남동 109호분3.4곽.부산시 복천동21.22호분.大阪府大庭寺TG232窯, 황남대총 남분, 합천군 옥전M3호분.埼玉縣稻荷山古墳의 역연대를 중심으로 논의하였다. 그리고 역연대에 대한 논의를 기반으로 종래 역사적 사건과 연계하여 역연대를 도출하고 이에 따른 해석에 대한 재검토를 실시하였다. 그 결과 황남동109호분3.4곽, 복천동21.22호분, 大庭寺TG232窯은 4세기 말, 황남대총 남분은 5세기 중엽, 옥전M3호분, 稻荷山古墳은 5세기 후엽으로 그 역연대가 설정되었다. 이는 역연대의 기준이 되는 3者가 모순 없이 整合성을 보여주는 점에서 신뢰성이 높은 것으로 판단된다. 부산시 복천동21.22호분을 5세기 중엽으로 보는 연대관은 400년 전후 광개토왕의 남정을 지나치게 의식한 것이며, 이는 신라의 영향력이 부산지역에 미친 시기를 늦추어 보고 이 지역의 독자성을 강조하려는 의도에 의한 것이다. 한편 황남동109호분3.4곽을 4세기 중엽으로 보고, 황남대총 남분을 5세기 초로 보는 견해는 신라의 성장을 과대평가한 것으로 판단된다. 이와 마찬가지로 기마민족이 김해지역으로 이주하고 또한 다시 일본열도와 영남내륙지역으로 이동하였다는 주장은 그 실제성과 해석의 방법론적 문제뿐만 아니라 그 근거로 제시한 역연대가 전혀 일치하지 않는 점에서 역사적 사실로 볼 수 없음을 분명히 하고자한다. 본고에서는 역사적 맥락에 의해 선험적으로 역연대를 결정하는 것을 止揚하고, 고고자료의 분석에 기초한 객관적인 역연대의 구축을 지향하고자 노력하였다. 이를 통하여 역사 해석의 합리적인 시간축이 제공될 것으로 본다. The purpose of this study is to establish absolute date of Shilla Gaya tombs which show serious differences of opinions about historical absolute date of tombs over more than 100 years. First research history was reviewed and through excavated harness of Goguryeo King Tae’s tomb which can estimate the period of buried person, Chinese porcelains with records of names of years, excavated Baekje harness, growth ring chronicle data of Japanese archipelago for absolute date of the third/fourth gravers of tomb No.109 at Hwangnam–Dong in Gyeongju city, the gravers of tomb No.21/22 at Bokcheon–Dong in Busan city, Obdera TG232 Kiln in Osaka Prefecture, South tomb of Hwangnam Great Tomb, the graver of tomb Okjeon No.M3 in Habcheon–Gun and Inariyama tomb in Saitama Prefecture, which all become the standard of crossing dating of Korean & Japanese tombs were mainly reviewed and discussed. And based on discussion of absolute date were induced in connection to the historical events of the past and re–review of historical interpretation was conducted. As the result, absolute date of the third/fourth gravers of tomb No.109 at Hwangnam–Dong, the gravers of tomb No.21/22 at Bokcheon–Dong and Obdera TG232 Kiln was set as the end of the 4th century, absolute date of Hwangnam Great Tomb was set as the middle of the 5th century and the graver of tomb Okjeon No.M3 and Inariyama tomb was set as late period of the 5th century. It is judged to have higher reliability because all three parties, which become the standard of absolute date, show conformity without contradiction. Opinion of absolute date of the gravers of tomb No.21/22 at Bokcheon–Dong around the middle of the 5th century is from too much consciousness of the expedition to the south of Great King Gwanggaeto around the year of 400 and it was intended to emphasize identity of this region by postponing the period of influence of Shilla on Busan region. On the other hand, opinions of regarding the third/fourth gravers of tomb No.109 at Hwangnam–Dong as the middle of the 4th century and south tomb of Hwangnam Great Tomb as the early part of the 5th century are judged that growth of Shilla was overestimated. Just like this, I would like to make it clear that we cannot recognize insistence that horse–riding people moved into Gimhae region and also again moved to Japanese archipelago and inland region of Yeongnam as historical events since not only issues of its reality and methodology of interpretation but also absolute date suggested as the ground are not conforming at all. In this thesis, establishment of objective absolute date based on analysis of archaeological data was pursued by sublating deciding absolute date in transcendental experience by historical logical connection. It is believed that reasonable axle of time of interpretation of the history will be provided through this
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박천경,염성하,정재천,염영하 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1974 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.12 No.3
最近 다이設計의 硏究는 補强 冷間鍛造用 金型과 더불어 活潑하게 進展되고 있다. 이 論文에서는 冷間鍛造用 金型의 材質로서 補强링에 스프링鋼을, 그리고 內部揷入 다이에 金型鋼(SKD-11)을 使用하였다. 强度計算에서 降伏條件은 最大剪斷應力을 使用한 "트례스카" 理論을 適用하고, 冷間鍛造用 金型에 對한 數値計算을 實施하였다. 金型의 强度에 미치는 影響, 補强링의 效果, 金型치수 및 熱收縮餘裕 等은 實驗을 通하여 觀察하였다. 스프링鋼은 適切한 熱處理를 하면 冷間鍛造用 補强링에 活用할 수 있다는 것을 本硏究에서 얻은 資料를 通하여 알게되었다. Recently, the study of die-design is actively developing with the reinforced cold forging dies. In this paper, the materials of the cold forging dies used spring steel in the reinforced-ring and die steel (SKD 11) in the insert. Yielding condition is based on Trasca's solution (max. shear stress) and carried out numerical calculation for the cold forging dies. Effect of the reinforced-ring, dies dimension and thermal shrinkage allowance observed the influence of the strength of dies through the experimental results. It is found that if spring steels are proper treated, it could be available for cold forging reinforced-ring from obtained data.
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朴天秀 한국고대사학회 2002 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.27 No.-
Since the prehistoric age, the relation partner of Guyaguk in the Gimhae was the Guju force, which had traditionally played a role as an international gateway of the Japanese archipelago. In the Geumgwangaya period, its gateway was replaced by the Ginai force. The Yangdong - ri force was declined and the Daeseong dong force emerged in such a process. Simultaneously, in the Japanese archipelago the north Yamato force and the Gawajji force rose into power, in the middle of the weakening of the force, based on the southeast region of the Nara basin. As shown in the above, we can know that the relation between the Korean peninsula and the Japanese archipelago played an important role in the shift of power in political regimes of the Geumgwangaya force and the Ginai force. Goryeong - based Daegaya achieved epochal development in the late fifth century. That is, Daegaya expanded its force ranging from the Hwanggang hydrosphere to the Seomjingang and Geumgang hydrospheres. Besides, in this period, two facts are noted: One is that some forces relied on the relation with Geumgwangaya in Gimhae were decayed. Another is that those big chiefs who were connected with the Daegaya force appeared in many regions of Japan. These facts are supported by the prestigious artifacts of Daegaya style, which were found in the leading chiefs' tombs in the Japanese archipelago. Daegaya occupied a leading position in the relation with Wae, and this became motive power, which enabled it to dominate Geumgwangaya, Aragaya and Sogaya and to grow as a central state in the Gaya region. Before and after 500, however, the importing country of material culture in the Japanese archipelago changed from Daegaya to Baekje, and hence Wae - originated material culture has extensively been found in the Yeongsanggang valley, which had a close relation to Baekje. The decadence in the relation with Wae was acted on as an important factor, which led Daegaya to decline and eventually, collapse. In archeological data, it is assumed that the full - scale trade between Baekje and Wae became motive power for the appearance of the Gyeitai dynasty, based on the fact that the trade began before and after sixth century. The Gyeitai force gained predominance in Ginai by attempting to be different from the Gawajji force. This force excluded the Gaya force, which had traditionally had a close relation with the Japan archipelago, and introduced advanced material culture from Baekje. It is believed that before and after this period, people buried in the keyhole - shaped tumuli in Jeollanam - do and Jeollabuk - do were members of the Wae descent group, which was dispatched by the Baekje kingship so as to dominate and restrain native forces and to capture Daegaya, given the construction period, distribution scope and funeral objects of the tumuli. After the collapse of Hanseong, Baekje under the temporary downfall of its control organization received military help from Wae in order to rule over the south region and to capture Daegaya. It is inferred that, as a consideration of such help, Baekje transmitted Wae material culture necessary to national consolidation.
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