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대기오염물질(大氣汚染物質) 배출량(排出量)의 연도별추세(年度別趨勢)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)
조문환,Cho, Moon-Whan 대한예방의학회 1976 예방의학회지 Vol.9 No.1
In order to provide bases for the control of air pollutants in Korea, the author figured out the trend on the annual increase of air pollutants emitted in the process of combustions, and estimated the amounts of air pollutants of the future years from 1975 to 1981. 1) In 1973 the consumption rate of coal was 1.2 times of that of fuel oil. The consumption rate of them would be same in 1975 and 1977. However, the rate of fuel oil would exceed that of coal in 1979. Incontrast with the rate in 1979. The one of coal would be increased faster and faster to show reverse trend of consumption in 1981. 2) The estimated amounts of air pollutant emissions in the years of 1973, 1975, 1977, 1979 ana 1981 were 1,561,800, 1,921,700, 2,253,300, 2,769,000, and 3,145,700 tons respectively. These indicated that the amount of air pollutants in 1981 would be about 2 times of that in 1973. 3) The amounts of sulfur oxides emissions in 1981 would be 2.3 times of that in 1973, nitrogen oxides 2.2 times, carbon monoxide 1.7 times, particulate 2.0 times and hydrocarbon 2.0 times. 4) The estimated amounts of air pollutant emissions per unit area($km^2$) in the years of 1965, 1971, 1975 and 1980 were 5.2, 14.5, 19.5 and 28.7 tons respectively. These indicated that the amount of air pollutant emissions per unit area would increase 5.5 times in 1980 comparing the one in 1965.
조문환 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2020 국제지역연구 Vol.24 No.3
These days, it’s not hard to hear the term “Italexit”, an expression of discontent against the EU. As a major member of the EU, Italy has contributed greatly in establishing the basic framework for the EU to promote exchange between the 27 EU member states through free movement of people, materials, resources and services and to pursue common interest of the EU nations based on common systems and policies. However, discontent among Italians towards the EU increased in the aftermath of the economic crisis in 2011, immigration problems in 2015 and the corona19 crisis in 2020. When the PIIGS asked to use the Eurobonds as common European debt, Northern EU countries have denied that proposal and when Italy suffered a huge number of refugees and illegal foreigners who flocked to Italy, these countries did not give positive aid to Italy. Early in the corona19 crisis, Italy asked for help, but little help came from the EU and the member nations, resulting in Italians losing faith in the EU. Italians insist on ‘Italexit’, because they think that the EU’s economic policy is always working favorably for Germany and France, while it is unfavorable for Italy and they are sceptical about the EU. However, it will be impossible that Italy could escape from the EU like the UK despite the discords, because this country is too deeply associated with the EU and with the Eurozone. 본 연구는 유로존 지역 경제에서 핵심적인 위치를 차지하고 있는 이탈리아가 EU에 대한반감으로 유로존 내지 유럽연합 탈퇴하겠다고 하는 근본적인 이유가 무엇인지를 살펴보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 신문, 시사지, 인터넷 자료, 뉴스 등의 각종 매체들이 전하는 ‘이탈렉시트’ 자료들을 통합적으로 살펴보고 그 원인과 실태를 파악하여 ‘이탈렉시트’의 가능성을 전망해 보고자 한다. 지난 10여 년간 이탈리아에서 유럽연합 탈퇴를 주장하는 목소리가 점차 증가해 온 것이 사실이고 그 주장의 기저에는 EU와 대립되는 경제적 갈등의 문제, 이민 수용의 문제, 실질적 협력의 문제가 자리하고 있는 것으로 파악된다. ‘이탈렉시트’의 주장은 이탈리아 제1여당의 위치에 오른 포퓰리즘 정당 ‘오성운동’과 함께 시작되었는데 오성운동당이 주장하는 ‘반 유로존’, ‘반 EU’는 2008년 그리스 발 PIIGS의 연쇄 금융위기, 2015년 난민의 문제, 2020년 코로나19 사태를 겪으면서 더욱 강경해지고 있다. ‘하나의 EU’에 적극적이었던 이탈리아였지만 유럽금융위기 시 남유럽과 북유럽으로 분할되는 경험을 하였고 난민과 불법이민 문제 앞에서 불평등을 보았으며 현재의 코로나19 사태 앞에서도 방관하는 EU를 보았기 때문이다. 하지만 이탈리아인들의 감정적 불만과는 별개로 이탈리아의 높은 대 EU 의존도 때문에 이탈리아가 영국처럼 EU를 떠나기는 어려울 것으로 전망된다.
조문환 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2008 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.43
The support verb constructions are characterized by combination of verbs semantically bleached and verbal nouns which licenses syntactic argument structures. Support verbs behave differently from normal verbs, cause problems in θ-role and argument assignment. I examined and compared in this study two hypothesis, Nominal raising and Lexical Incorporation. Italian case shows that the verbal nouns select distinct support verbs and inherit argument-variables to selected support verbs. It suggests that support verb construction is not a result by syntactic movement at LF, but by morphological production directly generated from lexical incorporation.
조문환 한국외국어대학교 외국어교육연구소 2013 외국어교육연구 Vol.27 No.1
This study explores pragmatic semiosis of an Italian discourse marker ‘allora’, syntactically independent filler, frequently used in Italian speech and analyses this sign with multi-functionalities that appears in pragmatic usages to define various functions in discourses: turn taking, hesitation, mitigation, discourse control, agreement, explanation, restructuring, confirmation, continual flow of speech, topic shift, foregrounding (or backgrounding) of information, etc. However, marker ‘allora’ as a pragmatic term, is widely used by Italian native speakers, is scarcely used by Korean-speakers who learn Italian as a L2. If used, it is only used with the form of ‘kureso’ as an unified corresponding form. This means that the pragmatic scope of discourse sign ‘allora’ differs slightly from that of Korean corresponding form. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the functional differences of these markers discovered in each language field to develope a way of effective L2 learning. To clarify the point, I’ve compared and analysed Italian ‘allora’ from Italian novels and their translated versions in Korean.