중증 허혈성 지체질환 환자에서 시행된 vascular endothelial growth factor의 혈관신생 유전자치료 1예

김현중,장신이,김종묵,김선영,김병문,김원배,김덕경 대한내과학회 2003 대한내과학회지 Vol.64 No.1

저자 등은 기존의 치료에 반응하지 않은 중증 허혈성 지체질환 환자를 대상으로 하여 vascular endothelial growth factor를 이용한 혈관신생 유전자 치료를 시행하였다. 치료 후 환자의 허혈에 의한 하지 통증이 현격하게 감소하고 상처의 진행이 측부혈관이 많이 증가됨이 관찰되어 이에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. We report VEGF-induced angiogenic gene therapy in a patient with critical limb ischemia, who did not respond to conventional treatment. This patient was the first case in a dose-escalating series of phase I clinical trial. The patient had severe resting pain, gangrene and diffuse ulcer in his left foot. Total 1,000㎍ of naked DNA encoding human VEGF165 was administered intramuscularly to 8 sites of the loft lower extremity. Four weeks after the first 1,000㎛ was administered to the same sites (total dose: 2,000㎛). After gene therapy, resting pain gradually reduced and the amount of analgesics taken by the patient decreased. The ischemic wound of lower extremity slightly improved. However, there was no complete wound healing at 12 weeks of treatment. Digital subtraction angiography at 12 weeks after gene therapy showed an increase in collateral vessels at the mid-tibial, ankle and foot arch levels. Immediately and up to 12 weeks, there was no complication related to gene therapy. These findings may be cautiously interpreted to indicate that intramuscular injection of naked plasmid DNA of VEGF_165 may induce therapeutic angiogencsis in a patient with critical limb ischemia. Further clinical evaluation of VEGF-induced gene therapy is needed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of this treatment.(Korean J Med 64:85-90, 2003)

CM-MnO_2의 제조 및 충·방전 특성에 관한 연구

김덕묵,김기문 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

Rechargeable cathodic materials are prepared using the method doping bismuth with ozone (oxidation reagent) in manganese dioxide lattices where have irreversible oxidation - reduction properties. The cathodic materials(CM - MnO_2) have good rechargeability at two - electron capacity, and it is guessed that they very sparse open structure from the facts that oxidation state of Mn in the CM - MnO_2 is broad and the products have very low density. Actually, the CM - MnO_2 seems to have many protonation site. Thus, in the case of passing through the deep charge/discharge process, the lattice will be disintegrated by excessive protontion. In fact, their discharge capacity decreases gradually according to progressing cycles under the high currenrt density. In this study, basic data for structural and electrochemical characteristics of the prepared CM - MnO_2 are shown, and interpretations of the effects of chemical modification on electrode rechargeability are discussed.

알카리성에서 Ag_2O의 오존산화에 의한 AgO의 결정화에 관한 연구

金德默 단국대학교 1982 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This study concerns with the production of high density AgO through the ozonization of Ag_2O. It was possible to find the optimum condition by varying several factors such as the concentration of NaOH solution, temperature, addition of AgO seed, and of Ag_2O feed. The best condition was as follows; temperature, 80℃; NaOH concentration, 20%; reaction time, 6 days; amount of AgO seed, 9.5g.; amount of Ag_2O feed, 1.5g/4hr. The amount of ozone used throughout was 100gr/hr. The density of final product was found not to depend on the density of seed, the amount of the feed, and of seed. These factors only influenced the reaction time. The mechanism of AgO formation may be suggested to proceed throught the formation of Ag_2O_3 by the oxidation of Ag(OH)_2^- in alkaline solution. Ag_2O , the starting material then reacts with Ag_2O_3 to form the final product AgO. Measurements showed that the purity of AgO product to be 95.84% and its density 3.72g/㏄. The X-ray diffracton pattern and microscopic picture of particle size are presented. The continuous discharge capacity of the primary cell composed of AgO of this study was measured to be 56.8mAH under the resistance of 12,500ohms. It shows that high density AgO prepared by ozonization of Ag_2O can be used in AgO primary battery. In a separate experiment, AgO was prepared by electrolysis for comparison. But the density of the above AgO scarecely exceeded 2.11g/㏄. The density of pressed mass of the above was 2.2-2.4g/㏄. Thus, direct ozonation of Ag_2O may be suggested as a superior method for the production of high density AgO.

Silicagel에 점착한 은 이온의 오존반응에 관한 연구

金德默,崔哲豪 단국대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

AgNO_3(aq) was treated to adsorpt with SiO_2. After drying it, Ag metal was obtained treating with the reducting agent, such as hydrazine, hydroquinone or formaldehyde. Ag metal in reduced product was reacted with O_3 and then oxidized to the AgNO_3. AgNO_3 could be confirmed by change of color on SiO_2 surface using hydrazine as a reducing agent. However, the change of color was not evident using hydroquinone. The above results could also be ascertained from IR spectrum. However, in case that Ag_2O or AgO was produced intentionally and then reacted with O_3 or Ag metal was mixed with IsO_2 and reacted with O_3, the formation of AgNO_3 couldn't be observed. In using a weak reducing agent, Ag was detected in a less amount than input. Using hydrazine as a reducing agent, the extent of degradation of O_3 was considerable. But, when formaldehyde or hydroquinone was used as a reducing agent, the degradation of O_3 was very small. When SiO_2 was only used for the ozone degradation experiment without reducing agent, O_3 was not nearly degraded. When AgNO_3 was adsorpted with SiO_2 without reducing agent, O_3 was degraded in a small amount. It showed that the above all the results were identical irrespective of size and kind of adsorbent.

염화암모늄에 의한 훼로망간 슬랙으로부터 금속망간의 전착

金德默 단국대학교 1985 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The manganese was extracted from ferromanganese slag with6N Ammonium chloride and purified with Ammonium sulfide. Titanium metal was used as cathodic material and Graphite as anodic material. The effects of several variables were investigated, and the optimum conditions were found to be;50g/l Mn in electrolyte at pH 6.0 with 120g/l NH_4Cl, Cathode current density 200mA/㎠, Current efficiency 80% and up at temperature about 35℃. The current efficiency were substantially increased when small amounts of Sulfur Dioxide is used as an additive. The metal produced has been consistantly of high quality.

전해 이산화 망간 생성에서 은 이온의 영향

金德默 단국대학교 1990 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

Ag-Mn mixed oxide was formed electrolytically from MnSO_4 and small amount of Silver ion(Ag^+). Conditions for mixed oxide formation were optimized in terms of concentration of Mn ion, temperature, current densities, and ratio of Ag ion. Analysis of product revealed that oxidation states of Ag and Mn were 1 and 4, respectively Silver ion may be considered to be a "current carrier" in this reaction.

은 및 망간 산화물에 의한 일산화탄소의 촉매 산화 연구

김덕묵,이종찬 단국대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

This study concerns the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide with 26 kinds of Ag-oxide, MnO_2 and their mixtures at room temperature. From the results the following phenomena were obtained. 1. Simple Ag-oxide or MnO_2 samples were not favorable to the oxidation of carbon monoxide. 2. The Ag_2O, AgO and MnO_2 mixtures(10 : 90 or 20 :80) were observed more powerful catalyzer for carbon observed more powerful catalyzer for carbon monoxide oxidation. 3. The oxidized samples of Ag-Mn premixture with several oxidants were also weaker catalyzer than the simple mixtures. 4. The AgMnO_4 and Ag-Mn-Oxides prepared by electroytic oxidation method also acted poorly as the catalytic oxidants. 5. Ag_2O and MnO_2 were not found out the structure change but AgO is changed oxidation state and heat evolved during the treatment. 6. The γ-MnO_2 are more superior catalyzer than the β-MnO_2 for catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide.

廢乾電池로부터 電解二酸化만강의 製造硏究

金德默 단국대학교 1977 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

지금까지 버려지고 있는 廢乾電池를 회수하여 放電 후의 만강化合物을 自體內에 함유한 Carbon을 이용 800℃ 30分間 가열 還元하여 20% H_2SO_4로 추출하였다. 추출된 황산만강용액을 정제하고 직접 전해하여 품위가 높고 放電特性이 좋은 전해이산화만강을 廢乾電池 한개당 25g정도 회수 재조하였다. Extraction of varying manganese compounds was attempted from wasted dry cells. The process involves reduction at temperature of 800℃ for 30 min. using carbon powder within the cell and subsequent extraction from 20% H_2SO_4 solution. Extracted manganese sulfate solution was purified by manganese dioxide oxidation method, and about 25g of MnO_2 per used cell was recovered from electrolysis, which was in high purity and depolarizing property.

망간전지의 방전 메카니즘에 관한 연구

金德默,康富夫 단국대학교 1987 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

The discharge reaction mechanism of the Leclanche cells was studied. The cell were discharged through flash light continuously. Discharge products were examined by chenical analysis and X-Ray diffraction. The discharge reaction product was MnOOH in a homogeneous solid-phase reaction. The X-Ray diffraction evidence on the single phase reduction of MnO^2 to MnOOH were presented. The products of these discharge reactions will be dependent on the kinds of Manganese Dioxide, electrloytes, potentials, and depth of discharge.

銀化合物의 酸化 및 特性에 관한 硏究

金德默 단국대학교 1979 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

AgO is primary constituent of silver battery which is widely used in many battery-powered mini-equipments as well as wrist-watch and mini-calculator. Thus, it was felt essential to know the chemistry of AgO, methods of preparation, and chemical and physical characteristics. Various methods of preparing AgO such as oxidation of AgNO_3 in alkaline K_2S_2O_8 solution and anodic oxidation of Ag compound were carried out, and physical and chemical properties of the products were analyzed. Anodic oxidation of AgNO_3 in HNO_3 solution and of the sintered Ag sponge were found to produce AgO of more desir-able characteristics. Densities were 2.11 and 2.01g/ml, respectively. Other characteristics of AgO from various method were checked and compared with earlier findings.