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Impurity Behaviors under Wall Conditioning in HL-2A
Zhengying Cui,Chenghe Cui,Mingxu Wang,Ping Sun,Quanming Wang,Wei Li,Yudong Pan,Zeng Cao 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
Impurities are one of the key issues of tokamak plasma research, as they are directly related to plasma quality and steady-state operation. The HL-2A device with two close divertor is the first divertor tokamak in China. It was successfully constructed in 2002 and has been operated for three 3 years up to now. In the 2004 campaign, siliconization as a wall conditioning was first done on the HL-2A tokamak by using glow discharge cleaning (GDC) with a gas mixture of SiH4 + He. The effects of siliconization on impurities and recycling are investigated, as well as the lifetime of siliconization, in this paper. The intensity of oxygen line is remarkably decreased after siliconization. Radiation of silicon line rapidly decreases shot by shot just after siliconization, but the effect of siliconization on the plasma properties is present all along and decreases gradually for a large amount of discharges. The effect of the siliconization can be maintained to about 180 discharges with similar discharge parameters.
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( Zhenyue Feng ),( Defu Liu ),( Ziwen Liu ),( Yimin Liang ),( Yanhong Wang ),( Qingpeng Liu ),( Zhenhua Liu ),( Zhongjing Zang ),( Yudong Cui ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.7
A putative multidrug efflux gene, yddA, was cloned from the Escherichia coli K-12 strain. A drugsensitive strain of E. coli missing the main multidrug efflux pump AcrB was constructed as a host and the yddA gene was knocked out in wild-type (WT) and drug-sensitive E. coliΔacrB to study the yddA function. Sensitivity to different substrates of WT E.coli, E. coliΔyddA, E. coliΔacrB and E. coliΔacrBΔyddA strains was compared with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays and fluorescence tests. MIC assay and fluorescence test results showed that YddA protein was a multidrug efflux pump that exported multiple substrates. Three inhibitors, ortho-vanadate, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), and reserpine, were used in fluorescence tests. Ortho-vanadate and reserpine significantly inhibited the efflux and increased accumulation of ethidium bromide and norfloxacin, while CCCP had no significant effect on YddA-regulated efflux. The results indicated that YddA relies on energy released from ATP hydrolysis to transfer the substrates and YddA is an ABC-type multidrug exporter. Functional study of unknown ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily transporters in the model organism E. coli is conducive to discovering new multidrug resistance-reversal targets and providing references for studying other ABC proteins of unknown function.
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IL-17A Secreted by Th17 Cells Is Essential for the Host against Streptococcus agalactiae Infections
( Jing Chen ),( Siyu Yang ),( Wanyu Li ),( Wei Yu ),( Zhaowei Fan ),( Mengyao Wang ),( Zhenyue Feng ),( Chunyu Tong ),( Baifen Song ),( Jinzhu Ma ),( Yudong Cui ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.5
Streptococcus agalactiae is an important bacterial pathogen and causative agent of diseases including neonatal sepsis and meningitis, as well as infections in healthy adults and pregnant women. Although antibiotic treatments effectively relieve symptoms, the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant strains indicate the need for an effective immunotherapy. Effector T helper (Th) 17 cells are a relatively newly discovered subpopulation of helper CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes, and which, by expressing interleukin (IL)-17A, play crucial roles in host defenses against a variety of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. However, whether S. agalactiae infection can induce the differentiation of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells into Th17 cells, and whether IL-17A can play an effective role against S. agalactiae infections, are still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the responses of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and their defensive effects after S. agalactiae infection. The results showed that S. agalactiae infection induces not only the formation of Th1 cells expressing interferon (IFN)-γ, but also the differentiation of mouse splenic CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells into Th17 cells, which highly express IL-17A. In addition, the bacterial load of S. agalactiae was significantly increased and decreased in organs as determined by antibody neutralization and IL-17A addition experiments, respectively. The results confirmed that IL-17A is required by the host to defend against S. agalactiae and that it plays an important role in effectively eliminating S. agalactiae. Our findings therefore prompt us to adopt effective methods to regulate the expression of IL-17A as a potent strategy for the prevention and treatment of S. agalactiae infection.
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