The Efficacy and Safety of 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% Cream for the Treatment of Melasma: A Randomized Controlled Split-face Trial

( Sun Young Huh ),( Jung Won Shin ),( Jung Im Na ),( Chang Hun Huh ),( Sang Woong Youn ),( Kyoung Chan Park ) 대한피부과학회 2010 Annals of Dermatology Vol.22 No.1

Background: Melasma is a common acquired symmetrical hypermelanosis that occurs on sun-exposed areas, and it is frequently observed among women. Various treatment modalities have been tried, but none are completely satisfactory. 4-n-butylresorcinol, which is a resorcinol derivative that has an inhibitory effect on both tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1, was introduced in 1995 and it has received increasing attention as a new hypopigmenting agent. However, the hypopigmenting effect of 4-n-butylresorcinol in human subjects has only been shown in a few studies. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypopigmenting efficacy and safety of 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream for the treatment of melasma. Methods: Twenty patients with melasma were enrolled to this randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, split-face comparative study. The patients were instructed to apply 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream or vehicle to each side of the face twice daily for 8 weeks. Mexameter measurements were performed along with photography at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Adverse events were observed and recorded throughout the study. Results: All the patients completed the study. Mexameter measurements demonstrated that the melanin index of the treated side showed a significant decrease when compared with that of the vehicle-treated side after 4 weeks (p=0.006) and after 8 weeks (p<0.0005). All the adverse reactions were mild and transient. Conclusion: 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream showed rapid efficacy and it was well tolerated when used for the treatment of melasma. (Ann Dermatol 22(1) 21∼25, 2010)

형용사 범주 설정에 대한 재고찰

김선영(K im Sun-Young) 돈암어문학회 2006 돈암어문학 Vol.- No.19

This paper is concerned with the evidence for establishing the adjective class. I examine the basis of the classification of the lexical category and then argue that the adjective class is based on the uniformity of the system. The part of speech is defined as the set of words which have the same characters. These characters are divided into four, the word-formation, the function, the form, and the meaning. Therefore the uniformity of the set of the words is examined whether they have characters in the word-formation or the function or the form or the meaning. There are the predicates indicate present without the present prefinal ending‘-neu-’. They are very salient. Because only present can be indicated without marking according to the predicates. And these predicates are a lot of. Therefore the set of predicates with the restriction on the combination of the present prefinal ending ‘-neu-’ can be classified as the one of the lexical category, the adjective class. The word-formation is only related with a small of words and various. Therefore I think that the characters in the word-formation are not the evidence for establishing the adjective class. But the characters in the word formation, which are examined in here are only related with the adjectives. So they can be used for classifying the special word. The characters in the function which are examined in here, are also found in the verbs. Hence they are not the evidence for establishing the adjective class. But some characters only are related with the adjectives are found. So they can be used for classifying the special word. The meaning of the adjectives is different with that of verbs. But some verbs have the static meaning of the adjectives. Therefore they are not the evidence for establishing the adjectives class. The most adjectives indicate the static and the most verbs indicate the change. This fact show that the characters in the meaning of the adjective and the verbs match considerably with those in their form.

초·중·고등학교 학생, 학부모, 일반교사의 보건교육 요구

윤순녕,김영임,최정명,조희순,김영희,박영남,오경순,이분옥,조선녀,조소영,한선희,하영미 韓國學校保健學會 2004 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify needs of health education of the students, parents, general teachers, and health teacher of the elementary, middle, and high schools. Method : 279 schools of elementary, middle, and high school were sampled nonproportionally during the period from June 28 to July 26, 2004 . The data were collected by the questionnaire from 1,888 students, 1,876 parents, 1,695 general teachers, 279 health teachers. A frequency, % and χ2-test were used to analysis by SAS program. Result : 1. It showed that 98.1% of elementary school students, 92.3% of middle school students, 89.6% of high school students answered that they need health education. The most of students, parents, and general teachers had high interests in health education. 2. In the case of students, main causes of needs of health education was 'to prevent diseases or accidents''. But parents answered that it was 'to build up a healthier behavior'. General teachers answered that it was 'more effective systematic and continuous health education'. 3. Over 80% of students, parents, and general teachers about the question of who qualified person is to teach health education as a regular class responded that health teacher is available. Especially 93% of elementary school students answered like that. 4. The most of students, parents, and general teachers answered that health education in the classroom is favorable 1 to 2 hours per week. Conclusion : As results of the study , the majority of students, parents, general teachers agreed needs of health education. Therefore, on the basis of this study, systematic and continuous health education is necessary. Additionally the establishment of independent health subject is required certainly.

초·중·고등학교 학생·학부모·일반교사의 보건교육 영역별 요구도와 보건교육

윤순녕,김영임,최정명,조희순,김영희,박영남,오경순,이분옥,조선녀,조소영,한선희,하영미 韓國學校保健學會 2005 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of health education in students, their parents and teachers in the elementary, middle and high schools and the current situation of health education class. Method: The subjects of this study were a total of 9450 persons including students, their parents and teachers from 279 schools throughout the country. They were selected through convenient sampling. Data were analyzed through x^(2)­test and ANOVA. Result: Students, their parents and teachers replied that 18 dimensions of health education class (DHEC) are necessary. The four DHEC - healthier life style, sex education, mental health and safety education - showed high educational needs in students, their parents, and teacher. High school students had higher educational need of 'symptom management for daily living' than elementary and middle school students. Students, their parents and teachers in elementary school had higher educational needs of 17 DHEC that those in middle and high school. The percentages of schools with health education class taught by health teachers were 99.2%, 75.5% and 66.0% respectively in elementary, middle and high schools. Health education was given mainly using physical education classes at elementary schools, and creative class hours at middle and high schools. In general, health education took 1-3 hours per week at elementary schools, and less than an hour at middle and high schools. Conclusion: Therefore, based on the results, systematic health education class should begin from elementary school to meet the need of health education in students, their parents and teachers, and further study should be made on the number of hours required and the amount of contents of 18 DHEC.

CFRP 적층판의 초음파 특성평가

임광희,허욱,이길성,박제웅,김선규,양인영 한국공작기계학회 2006 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

Ultrasonic NDE of composite laminates is usually analyzed on the backwall echoes of the specimen. In the inspection of actual composite structures, the back surface of the part was curved or contained complex geometry and did not provide a usable backwall echo. In this work, a one-sided pitch-catch setup was used in the detection and evaluation of flaws and material anomalies in solid composite laminates. Two miniature potted Rayleigh wave transducers (for generating surface waves in contact mode on steel) were joined head-to-head and used in the pitch-catch mode on the surface of composites. The pitch-catch signal was found to be more sensitive than normal incidence backwall echo of longitudinal wave to fiber orientation of the CFRP composites, including low level porosity, ply waviness, and cracks.

일 요양병원에 입원한 만성질환자들의 건강증진 프로그램 적용후 임상검사치 변화

임기동,이영선,박계남,류소연,김기순 조선대학교 2003 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.28 No.1

Objectives and Method : To find the change of clinical laboratory value change of some chronic degenerative disease patients who were admitted to E sanatorium hospital in Y city from January 2001 to June 2002 after a health promotion program, a quasi-experimental study was done. Results : 1. The characteristics of study subjects showed 47.5% of male, 52.5% of female, 50% under 50 years in age Their common disease was cancer and cardiovascular disease, endocrine disease, liver disease followed in frequency. Before admission 74.2% smoked, 67.5% enjoyed drinking alcohol and 92.5% preferred to take meat 2. After health promotion program mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, fasting blood sugar and serum total protein were decreased statistically significantly, compared to the value at the beginning of admission 3. By the group of patients characteristics like sex, age, smoking status, drinking status, meat intake preference and kind of diseases suffering from, mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride showed consistent decrease after health promotion program compared to the beginning of admission Mean levels of fasting blood sugar, serum total protein, white blood cell (WBC) counts, red blood cell (RBC) counts, GPT showed irregular change in some patients characteristics group Conclusion : Keen and consistent change was shown at blood pressure and lipid parameter after a health promotion program toward chronic degenerative disease patients. To confirm that the cause of change was due to life style change or accidental reason, further systematic studies are required.

정보기술에 대한 최고경영자(CEO)의 인식에 관한 연구 : Through A Content Analysis of Annual Reports 연차보고서의 내용분석을 통하여

임선영,이선영,최무진 啓明大學校 産業經營硏究所 1999 經營經濟 Vol.32 No.2

요 약본 연구는 정보기술과 기업전략에 관한 최고경영자의 인식을 알기위해 기업의 연차보고서와 사보에 나타난 최고경영자의 인사말을 분석하여 산업간, 그리고 시간의 변화에 따라 정보기술의 인식에 차이가 있는지를 살펴보았다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정보기술에 대한 인식은 정보통신, 금융, 제조업의 순서로 언급된 수나 내용에 있어 차이를 명확히 보여 산업간에 차이가 있음을 검증할 수 있었다. 둘째, 시간별 차이에 대한 분석 또한 정보기술의 전략적 활용과 중요성에 대한 인식이 기업 내부의 정보화 또는 한국의 전략정보시스템의 열풍이 불어닥친 1990년대 이후를 중심으로 하여 변화되었음을 검증할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 정보기술의 도입과 활용의 임무를 가진 최고경영자에게 있어 앞으로 정보기술전략과 기업전략의 연계화, 경쟁우위의 증진을 위한 정보기술의 전략적 활용과 관리를 위한 의사결정에 도움이 될 수 있다는 측면에서 나름대로 기여하였다고 본다.

도시 빈곤층 독거노인 삶의 질에 관한 연구

임선영 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 2009 生活文化硏究 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for improving the quality of life of elderly people living alone in poverty in the urban area. The subjects of this research were 181 elderly people living alone in Seoul over 60 years of age. Answers to the survey were analyzed with frequency, average and standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, and multiple regression analysis. For accurate results, the SPSS WIN 15 program was used. The results as follows: First, the ADL mean score on a five point scale was 3.69 and the IADL mean score was 3.57. The mean score of community-based service programs for the single household elderly was 1.71. And the mean score of the quality of life was 3.06. Second, the ADL(IADL) showed significant differences according to sex, age, education and health. Community-based service programs showed significant differences according to age and health. The quality of life showed significant differences according to education. Third, factors affecting the quality of life of the single household elderly were ADL(IADL) and communitybased service programs, at 18.4%. In conclusion, it is considered necessary to use findings from this study as basic data for the development and application of social work intervention programs in order to raise the quality of life of the poor elderly living alone in the urban area.

N형 전압의존성 칼슘채널 α subunit 유전자의 염색체상에서의 위치와 신경계에서의분포

박선화,김현,김형래,박수연,유임주,서영석 대한해부학회 1997 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.30 No.4

압박띠와 Lidocaine 전처치 및 Pentothal 전처치를 이용한 Propfol 정주통의 예방효과

옥시영,김순임,김선종 순천향대학교 교수학습개발센터 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.3

Background: Pain on injection of propofol is a common problem, the cause of which remains unknown, We evaluated the effect of a tourniquet with intravenous lidocaine and pentothal pretreatments, to decrease the incidence and intensity of pain during intravenous propofol injection. Methods: One hundred fifty five patients scheduled for general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups. Each patient received one of the pretreatment drugs via 18 G angiocatheter inserted in the antecubital fossa. Control group (CG) (n=31) recived 2 ml normal saline and lidocaine group (LG) (n=31) received 40 mg (2%, 2 ml) and pentothal group (PG) (n=31) received 50 mg (2.5%, 2 ml) and lidocaine tourniquet group (LTG) (n=31) received 40 m g(2%, 2ml) under tourniquest 1 minute inflated and pentothal tourniquet group(PTG) (n=31) received 50 mg (2.5%, 2 ml) under tourniquet 1 minute inflated followed intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg of propofol at a rate of 1 ml/sec. after 50 mg of proplfol were injected, patients were assessed for pain score. The severity of pain was classified as 0, 1, 2, 3 (none, mild, moderate, severe) by one observer. Results: The severity and incidence of pain were significantly reduced in lidocaine group and pentothal group compared with control group for intravenous injection of propofol (P<0.05). But effect of tourniquet is minimal. And the quantity and quality of analgesic effect of lidocaine and petothal on propofol iv injection is similar. Conclusions: Lidocaine 40 mg or pentothal 50 mg pretreatment to induction by propofol revealed a good analgesic effect for propofol injection pain. But effect of tourniquest is minimal.