Massive Hemoptysis due to Endotracheal Hemangioma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Yu, Yeonsil,Lee, Suhyeon,An, Jinyoung,Lee, Jeongmin,Kim, Jihoon,Lee, Youngkyung,Jung, Eunah,Song, Sookhee,Kim, Hyeok,Kim, Suhyun The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2015 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.78 No.2

Tracheal hemangioma is a rare benign vascular tumor in adults. We reported a case of massive hemoptysis caused by a cavernous hemangioma in a 75-year-old man. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of a tracheal cavernous hemangioma that presented with massive hemoptysis. The lesion was removed with a $CO_2$ laser under rigid laryngoscopy. Endovascular tumors, such as tracheobronchial hemangiomas, should be considered a diagnostic option in cases of massive hemoptysis without a significant underlying lung lesion.

Esophageal Artery Pseudoaneurysm and Takayasu Arteritis in a Patient with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

김현숙,Yeonsil Yu,Kwang Eon Shim,Jin Eop Kim,Junga Koh,Jong-Woo Yoon,안규리,오윤규 전해질고혈압연구회 2018 Electrolytes & Blood Pressure Vol.16 No.1

A 47-year-old female previously diagnosed with ADPKD visited the hospital due to sudden pain in her upper abdomen and back. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT), and CT angiography identified an esophageal artery pseudoaneurysm and hematoma in the esophagus. Urgent angiography and embolization were performed. After the procedure, CT angiography and positron emission tomography were performed due to differences in blood pressure between the arms. The patient was also found to have Takayasu arteritis and subsequently received outpatient follow-up care. The possible mechanisms that cause vascular abnormalities in ADPKD patients include damaged vascular integrity due to abnormal polycystin expression caused by PKD mutations and connective tissue abnormalities. Further research is needed to confirm these mechanisms, and ADPKD patients should be assessed for vascular abnormalities.

A Case of Delayed Diagnosis of Pulmonary Paragonimiasis due to Improvement after Anti-tuberculosis Therapy

Lee, Suhyeon,Yu, Yeonsil,An, Jinyoung,Lee, Jeongmin,Son, Jin-Sung,Lee, Young Kyung,Song, Sookhee,Kim, Hyeok,Kim, Suhyun The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2014 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.77 No.4

Here, we report a case of pulmonary paragonimiasis that was improved with initial anti-tuberculosis (TB) therapy but confused with reactivated pulmonary TB. A 53-year-old Chinese female presented with a persistent productive cough with foul smelling phlegm and blood streaked sputum. Radiologic findings showed subpleural cavitary consolidation in the right upper lobe (RUL). Bronchoscopic and cytological examination showed no remarkable medical feature. She was diagnosed with smear-negative TB, and her radiologic findings improved after receiving a 6-month anti-TB therapy. The chest CT scans, however, obtained at 4 months after completion of anti-TB therapy showed a newly developed subpleural consolidation in the RUL. She refused pathologic confirmation and was re-treated with anti-TB medication. Nevertheless, her chest CT scans revealed newly developed cavitary nodules at 5 months after re-treatment. She underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection; the pathological examination reported that granuloma caused by Paragonimus westermani. Paragonimiasis should also be considered in patients assessed with smear-negative pulmonary TB.

CASE REPORT : A Case of Delayed Diagnosis of Pulmonary Paragonimiasis due to Improvement after Anti-tuberculosis Therapy

( Suhyeon Lee ),( Yeonsil Yu ),( Jinyoung An ),( Jeongmin Lee ),( Jin Sung Son ),( Young Kyung Lee ),( Sook Hee Song ),( Hyeok Kim ),( Suhyun Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2014 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.77 No.4

Here, we report a case of pulmonary paragonimiasis that was improved with initial anti-tuberculosis (TB) therapy but confused with reactivated pulmonary TB. A 53-year-old Chinese female presented with a persistent productive cough with foul smelling phlegm and blood streaked sputum. Radiologic findings showed subpleural cavitary consolidation in the right upper lobe (RUL). Bronchoscopic and cytological examination showed no remarkable medical feature. She was diagnosed with smear-negative TB, and her radiologic findings improved after receiving a 6-month anti-TB therapy. The chest CT scans, however, obtained at 4 months after completion of anti-TB therapy showed a newly developed subpleural consolidation in the RUL. She refused pathologic confirmation and was re-treated with anti-TB medication. Nevertheless, her chest CT scans revealed newly developed cavitary nodules at 5 months after re-treatment. She underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection; the pathological examination reported that granuloma caused by Paragonimus westermani. Paragonimiasis should also be considered in patients assessed with smear-negative pulmonary TB.

크롬산에 의한 피부 화상 후 발생한 급성 신손상 1예

이연희 ( Yeonhee Lee ),유연실 ( Yeonsil Yu ),안정남 ( Jung Nam An ),이정표 ( Jung Pyo Lee ),임춘수 ( Chun Soo Lim ),오윤규 ( Yun Kyu Oh ) 대한내과학회 2017 대한내과학회지 Vol.92 No.1

급성 크롬산 중독은 드물지만 다양한 경로로 흡수되어 치명적인 독성을 유발할 수 있다. 저자들은 비교적 적은 범위의 크롬산에 의한 피부 화상 후 발생한 급성 신손상을 진단하고 혈액투석을 포함한 치료로 호전된 증례를 경험하여 문헌고찰과 함께 이를 보고하는 바이다. The metal chromium is widely used in industry. Hexavalent chromium is a strong oxidizing agent, and exposure to some hexavalent compounds can cause serious problems, such as skin ulcers, acute gastroenteritis, acute tubular necrosis with renal failure, and hepatic necrosis. We report a case of acute kidney injury following skin exposure to hexavalent chromium, which burned a relatively small percentage of the total body surface area (TBSA). A 49-year-old man developed oliguria and acute kidney injury 3 days after burning about 5% of his TBSA with chromic acid solution, causing second- to third-degree chemical burns. His creatinine level increased to 12.5 mg/dL. The patient underwent hemodialysis with supportive care. His renal function improved and the dialysis was discontinued. The serum and urine chromium concentrations also decreased. (Korean J Med 2017;92:70-73)

3D Culture of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(l-alanine-<i>co</i>-l-phenyl alanine) Thermogel

Park, Min Hee,Yu, Yeonsil,Moon, Hyo Jung,Ko, Du Young,Kim, Han Su,Lee, Hyukjin,Ryu, Kyung Ha,Jeong, Byeongmoon Wiley (John WileySons) 2014 Advanced healthcare materials Vol.3 No.11

<P>Poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-alanine-co-L-phenyl alanine) (PEG-PAF) aqueous solutions undergo sol-to-gel transition as the temperature increases. The transition is driven by the micelle aggregation involving the partial dehydration of the PEG block and the partial increase in β-sheet content of the PAF block. Tonsil-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs), a new stem cell resource, are encapsulated through the sol-to-gel transition of the TMSC-suspended PEG-PAF aqueous solutions. The encapsulated TMSCs are in vitro 3D cultured by using induction media supplemented with adipogenic, osteogenic, or chondrogenic factors, where the TMSCs preferentially undergo chondrogenesis with high expressions of type II collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycan. As a feasibility study of the PEG-PAF thermogel for injectable tissue engineering, the TMSCs encapsulated in hydrogels are implanted in the subcutaneous layer of mice by injecting the TMSC suspended PEG-PAF aqueous solution. The in vivo studies also prove that TMSCs undergo chondrogenesis with high expression of the chondrogenic biomarkers. This study suggests that the TMSCs can be an excellent resource of MSCs, and the thermogelling PEG-PAF is a promising injectable tissue engineering scaffold, particularly for chondrogenic differentiation of the stem cells.</P>

Cyanidin-3-glucoside suppresses Th2 cytokines and GATA-3 transcription factor in EL-4 T cells.

Pyo, Myoung Yun,Yoon, Soo Jeong,Yu, Yeonsil,Park, Sunyoung,Jin, Mirim Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2014 Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry Vol.78 No.6

<P>Allergic disease is dominated by Th2 immune responses. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, representative Th2 cytokines, play pivotal roles in the pathogenic activation of the Th2 immune response. In this study, we found that cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride (C3G), an anthocyanin suppressed IL-4 and IL-13 produced in activated EL-4 T cells but not Th1 cytokines including IL-2, interferon-γ, or IL-12. IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA levels and luciferase activation in cells transiently transfected with IL-4 and IL-13 promoter reporter plasmids were significantly inhibited by C3G, suggesting that suppression might be, at least in part, regulated at the transcriptional level. Data from western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses of transcription factors involved in cytokine expression suggested that expression of GATA-3, but not T-bet, was downregulated in the nucleus by C3G. Taken together, our data indicate that C3G may has potential as an anti-allergic agent suppressing Th2 activation by downregulating Th2 cytokines and the GATA3 transcription factor in allergies.</P>

Myogenic differentiation potential of human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their potential for use to promote skeletal muscle regeneration

PARK, SAEYOUNG,CHOI, YOONYOUNG,JUNG, NAMHEE,YU, YEONSIL,RYU, KYUNG-HA,KIM, HAN SU,JO, INHO,CHOI, BYUNG-OK,JUNG, SUNG-CHUL UNKNOWN 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.37 No.5

<P>Stem cells are regarded as an important source of cells which may be used to promote the regeneration of skeletal muscle (SKM) which has been damaged due to defects in the organization of muscle tissue caused by congenital diseases, trauma or tumor removal. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which require less invasive harvesting techniques, represent a valuable source of cells for stem cell therapy. In the present study, we demonstrated that human tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs) may differentiate into myogenic cells <I>in vitro</I> and that the transplantation of myoblasts and myocytes generated from human T-MSCs mediates the recovery of muscle function <I>in vivo</I>. In order to induce myogenic differentiation, the T-MSC-derived spheres were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12) supplemented with 1 ng/ml transforming growth factor-β, non-essential amino acids and insulin-transferrin-selenium for 4 days followed by culture in myogenic induction medium [low-glucose DMEM containing 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10 ng/ml insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)] for 14 days. The T-MSCs sequentially differentiated into myoblasts and skeletal myocytes, as evidenced by the increased expression of skeletal myogenesis-related markers [including α-actinin, troponin I type 1 (TNNI1) and myogenin] and the formation of myotubes <I>in vitro</I>. The <I>in situ</I> transplantation of T-MSCs into mice with a partial myectomy of the right gastrocnemius muscle enhanced muscle function, as demonstrated by gait assessment (footprint analysis), and restored the shape of SKM without forming teratomas. Thus, T-MSCs may differentiate into myogenic cells and effectively regenerate SKM following injury. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of T-MSCs to promote SKM regeneration following injury.</P>

Optimization of Microenvironments Inducing Differentiation of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Endothelial Cell-Like Cells

Se-Young Oh,Da Hyeon Choi,Yoon Mi Jin,Yeonsil Yu,김하영,Gyungah Kim,Yoon Shin Park,Inho Jo 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2019 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.16 No.6

BACKGROUND: Stem cell engineering is appealing consideration for regenerating damaged endothelial cells (ECs) because stem cells can differentiate into EC-like cells. In this study, we demonstrate that tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) can differentiate into EC-like cells under optimal physiochemical microenvironments. METHODS: TMSCs were preconditioned with Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) or EC growth medium (EGM) for 4 days and then replating them on Matrigel to observe the formation of a capillary-like network under light microscope. Microarray, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses were used to evaluate the expression of gene and protein of EC-related markers. RESULTS: Preconditioning TMSCs in EGM for 4 days and then replating them on Matrigel induced the formation of a capillary-like network in 3 h, but TMSCs preconditioned with DMEM did not form such a network. Genome analyses confirmed that EGM preconditioning significantly affected the expression of genes related to angiogenesis, blood vessel morphogenesis and development, and vascular development. Western blot analyses revealed that EGM preconditioning with gelatin coating induced the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), a mature EC-specific marker, as well as phosphorylated Akt at serine 473, a signaling molecule related to eNOS activation. Gelatin-coating during EGM preconditioning further enhanced the stability of the capillary-like network, and also resulted in the network more closely resembled to those observed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that under specific conditions, i.e., EGM preconditioning with gelatin coating for 4 days followed by Matrigel, TMSCs could be a source of generating endothelial cells for treating vascular dysfunction.

Autophagy induction in the skeletal myogenic differentiation of human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Park, Saeyoung,Choi, Yoonyoung,Jung, Namhee,Kim, Jieun,Oh, Seiyoon,Yu, Yeonsil,Ahn, Jung-Hyuck,Jo, Inho,Choi, Byung-Ok,Jung, Sung-Chul D.A. Spandidos 2017 International journal of molecular medicine Vol.39 No.4

<P>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of self-renewal and differentiation and are thus a valuable source for the replacement of diseased or damaged organs. Previously, we reported that the tonsils can be an excellent reservoir of MSCs for the regeneration of skeletal muscle (SKM) damage. However, the mechanisms involved in the differentiation from tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs) to myocytes via myoblasts remain unclear. To clarify these mechanisms, we analyzed gene expression profiles of T-MSCs during differentiation into myocytes compared with human skeletal muscle cells (hSKMCs). Total RNA was extracted from T-MSCs, T-MSC-derived myoblasts and myocytes, and hSKMCs and was subjected to analysis using a microarray. Microarray analysis of the three phases of myogenic differentiation identified candidate genes associated with myogenic differentiation. The expression pattern of undifferentiated T-MSCs was distinguishable from the myogenic differentiated T-MSCs and hSKMCs. In particular, we selected FNBP1L, which among the upregulated genes is essential for antibacterial autophagy, since autophagy is related to SKM metabolism and myogenesis. T-MSCs differentiated toward myoblasts and skeletal myocytes sequentially, as evidenced by increased expression of autophagy-related markers (including Beclin-1, LC3B and Atg5) and decreased expression of Bcl-2. Furthermore, we reconfirmed that autophagy has an effect on the mechanism of skeletal myogenic differentiation derived from T-MSCs by treatment with 5-azacytidine and bafilomycin A1. These data suggest that the transcriptome of the T-MSC-derived myocytes is similar to that of hSKMCs, and that autophagy has an important role in the mechanism of myogenic differentiation of T-MSCs.</P>