Exploring Influencing Factors of Smart Learning for English Learning

( Xiaodan Sun ),( Yang-soo Jung ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2018 인문학연구 Vol.57 No.1

스마트 학습과 관련된 최근 연구들은 학습자 및 학습환경의 특성을 파악하는데 관심을 보였다. 본 연구는 영어 학습을 위해서 학습자들이 실제스마트 학습을 사용하도록 동기 부여하는 다른 요인들을 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 동기이론과 ATM 모델에 근거하여, 1) 스마트 학습 자체의 기계적 속성, 2) 스마트 학습을 통해 전달되는 교과내용 속성, 3) 학습자 및 사회적 가치 속성에 근거한 연구 모델을 개념화 하여 실제 이러한 요인들이 실제 학습자들이 스마트 학습을 사용하는데 어떤 관련이 있는 지를 조사하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 연구 모델이 적합한지를 알아보기 위해서 타당도 및 신뢰도 검사가 이루어졌다. 본 연구를 위해 131명의 중국 학생들이 참여하였고, 이들을 대상으로 설문조사가 이루어졌다. 연구결과에 의하면, 스마트 학습에서 제공하는 교과내용의 특성이 학습자들의 스마트 학습 사용에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 스마트 학습의 사용 여부에 대해 학습자 개개인의 가치관 역시 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The recent smart learning has been focused on the attributes of the learners and learning environments. This current paper aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by examining other factors that motivate learners to use smart learning for English language learning. Based on the Motivational Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model, this paper conceptualized a research model incorporates three items for smart learning application attributes (visual appeal, ease of use, compatibility), three items for course content credibility (relevance, sufficiency, currentness), two items for value attributes (personal value, social value). For this study, 131 Chinese students using smart learning for their English learning were participated. And a questionnaire was developed and used to collect the data and SPSS (ver. 24) was used to analyze the data as well as its reliability and validity. The results showed that except for ease of use and course content relevance, the other six independent variables accounted for 69% of the variance explained in the learners’ motivation to use smart learning for English language learning. Course content sufficiency is the best predictor of user’s motivation to use smart learning, followed by compatibility and personal value.

Clinical validation of the PCR-reverse dot blot human papillomavirus genotyping test in cervical lesions from Chinese women in the Fujian province: a hospital-based population study

Pengming Sun,Yiyi Song,Guanyu Ruan,Xiaodan Mao,Yafang Kang,Binhua Dong,Fen Lin 대한부인종양학회 2017 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.28 No.5

Objective: To determine the clinical significance of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-reverse dot blot (RDB) human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping assay in cervical cancerscreening. Methods: A total of 10,442 women attending the Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children'sHealth Hospital were evaluated using the liquid-based cytology (thinprep cytologic test[TCT]) and the PCR-RDB HPV test. Women with HPV infection and/or abnormal cytologywere referred for colposcopy and biopsy. For HPV DNA sequencing, 120 specimens wererandomly selected. Pathological diagnosis was used as the gold standard. Results: Using the PCR-RDB HPV test, overall HPV prevalence was 20.57% (2,148/10,442)and that of high-risk (HR)-HPV infection was 18.68% (1,951/10,442). There was 99.2%concordance between HPV PCR-RDB testing and sequencing. In this studied population,the most common HR-HPV types were HPV-16, -52, -58, -18, -53, -33, and -51, rank fromhigh to low. HPV-16, -18, -58, -59, and -33 were the top 5 prevalent genotypes in cervicalcancer but HPV-16, -18, -59, -45, and -33 were the top 5 highest risk factors for cancer (oddsratio [OR]=34.964, 7.278, 6.728, 6.101, and 3.658; all p<0.05, respectively). Among 10,442cases, 1,278 had abnormal cytology results, of which, the HR-HPV positivity rate was 83.02%(1,061/1,278). To screen for cervical cancer by PCR-RDB HPV testing, when using CIN2+,CIN3+, and cancer as observed endpoints, the sensitivity was 90.43%, 92.61%, and 94.78%and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 99.06%, 99.42%, and 99.78%, respectively. PCRRDBHPV and TCT co-testing achieved the highest sensitivity and NPV. Conclusion: For cervical cancer screening, the PCR-RDB HPV test can provide a reliable andsensitive clinical reference.

PCR-reverse dot blot human papillomavirus genotyping as a primary screening test for cervical cancer in a hospital-based cohort

Yafang Kang,Pengming Sun,Xiaodan Mao,Binhua Dong,Guanyu Ruan,Lihua Chen 대한부인종양학회 2019 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.30 No.3

Objective: To evaluate the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-reverse-dot-blot (RDB) human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping test as a feasible assay for the cervical cancer primary screening. Methods: In a hospital-based cohort, a total of 21,568 women were voluntarily enrolled from March 2009 to November 2016 for evaluating the 3 current cervical cancer screening strategies: co-test, cytology primary and high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) primary by using PCRRDB HPV genotyping and liquid-based cytology (thinprep cytologic test [TCT]). Women with HR-HPV infection and/or abnormal cytology were referred for colposcopy, and the biopsy or conization was performed according to the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) guidelines. Results: Overall, 18.20% (3,935/21,568) of the women were detected as HR-HPVpositive, 5.04% (1,088/21,568) were diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or higher (CIN2+), and 3.43% (739/21,568) with CIN3+. The cumulative incidence rates for CIN2+/CIN3+ in patients with HPV-16/18-positive were 48.28%/37.20%, while they were 0.86%/0.38%, 0.30%/0.15% and 0.18%/0.09% in cytology-negative, HR-HPV-negative and co-test-negative population, respectively. Using CIN2+ and CIN3+ as the observed endpoints, the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of HR-HPV genotyping as a primary screening tool were 90.99%/99.49% and 91.57%/99.80%. Moreover, using HR-HPV genotyping primary screening could detect the same more CIN2+/CIN3+ cases in baselinedetection as co-testing (990/700 vs. 991/701) and far more than cytology primary screening (903/656, p<0.05). It also achieved the lowest misdiagnosis rate (8.01%/5.02%). Although HPV genotyping primary screening required an increased number of colposcopies (2.75/3.89 per CIN2+/CIN3+ case), it yielded an acceptable rate. Conclusions: The PCR-RDB HPV genotyping test is a cost-effective and beneficial cervical cancer primary screening for hospital-based opportunistic screening.

Macroscopic Zn-doped a-Fe2O3/graphene aerogel mediated persulfate activation for heterogeneous catalytic degradation of sulfamonomethoxine wastewater

Shuying Dong,Xuanxuan Yan,Wenli Li,Yafei Liu,Xiaoxu Han,Xiaodan Liu,Jinglan Feng,Chongfei Yu,Chunyan Zhang,Jianhui Sun 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.108 No.-

In order to obtain a robust, durable and efficient heterogeneous catalyst, macroscopic monolithic Zndopeda-Fe2O3/graphene aerogel (GA) hybrid architecture with integrated morphology and hierarchicallyporous structure were controllably synthesized via a facile in-situ hydrothermal method and then used aspersulfate (PS) activator for sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) wastewater purification. Several key reactionparameters including the initial SMM concentration, reaction temperature, coexisting inorganic anionsand SMM in real natural water samples had different influence on the SMM removal efficiency. The catalyticefficiency of Zn-doped a-Fe2O3/GA with the molar ratio of Fe/Zn = 2:1.5 was about 66%, 62%, 66%and 11%33% higher than that of GA, a-Fe2O3/GA, Zn/GA and other Fe/Zn molar ratio. The improvedactivity of Fe/Zn = 2:1.5 benefits from the synergistic effects of the sp2 hybridized carbon and porousframework, as well as the surface oxygenic functional groups, which accelerate the pollutant/oxidant dispersionand electron transfer. Electron paramagnetic resonance results indicate that OH, 1O2 and SO4radicals account for the catalytic degradation of SMM and the activation of PS in present system is differentfrom conventional homogeneous systems, and speculate mechanism was proposed based on theobtained data.

A comparative study on chemical composition of total saponins extracted from fermented and white ginseng under the effect of macrophage phagocytotic function

Xiao, Dan,Xiu, Yang,Yue, Hao,Sun, Xiuli,Zhao, Huanxi,Liu, Shuying The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3

In this study, white ginseng was used as the raw material, which was fermented with Paecilomyces hepiali through solid culture medium, to produce ginsenosides with modified chemical composition. The characteristic chemical markers of the products thus produced were investigated using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-QTOF-MS). Chemical profiling data were obtained, which were then subjected to multivariate statistical analysis for the systematic comparison of active ingredients in white ginseng and fermented ginseng to understand the beneficial properties of ginsenoside metabolites. In addition, the effects of these components on biological activity were investigated to understand the improvements in the phagocytic function of macrophages in zebrafish. According to the established RRLC-QTOF-MS chemical profiling, the contents in ginsenosides of high molecular weight, especially malonylated protopanaxadiol ginsenosides, were slightly reduced due to the fermentation, which were hydrolyzed into rare and minor ginsenosides. Moreover, the facilitation of macrophage phagocytic function in zebrafish following treatment with different ginseng extracts confirmed that the fermented ginseng is superior to white ginseng. Our results prove that there is a profound change in chemical constituents of ginsenosides during the fermentation process, which has a significant effect on the biological activity of these compounds.

Accumulation characteristics and correlation analysis of five ginsenosides with different cultivation ages from different regions

Xiao, Dan,Yue, Hao,Xiu, Yang,Sun, Xiuli,Wang, YiBo,Liu, ShuYing The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: Ginseng (the roots of Panax ginseng Meyer) is a well-known traditional Oriental medicine and is now widely used as a health food. It contains several types of ginsenosides, which are considered the major active medicinal components of ginseng. It has recently been reported that the qualitative and quantitative properties of ginsenosides found in ginseng may differ, depending on cultivation regions, ages, species, and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to study these variations with respect to cultivation ages and regions. Methods: In this study, 3-6-yr-old roots of P. ginseng were collected from three different cultivation regions. The contents of five ginsenosides (Rb1, Rd, Rc, Re, and Rgl) were measured by rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The Kruskal-Wallis Rank sum test and multiple t test were used for comparative analysis of the data to evaluate the dynamic changes in the accumulation of these ginsenosides affected by cultivation regions and ages. Results: The content and composition of ginsenosides varied significantly among specimens collected from different cultivation regions and having different cultivation ages. For all samples, the content of Rg1 and Re ginsenosides increases with age and this rate of increase is different for each sample. The contents of Rb1, Rc, and Rd varied with cultivation ages in samples from different cultivation regions; especially, Rb1 from a 6-yr-old root showed approximately twofold variation among the samples from three cultivation regions. Furthermore, the content of Rb1 highly correlated with that of Rd (r = 0.89 across all locations and ages). Conclusion: In our study, only the contents of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re were affected by the root age. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, and Rd varied widely with ages in samples from different cultivation regions.