Relationships between participatory decision making and organizational effectiveness in fitness clubs

( Woojeong Cho ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: Many studies have shown that participatory decision making (PDM) is an essential factor to better organizational performance (Robbins, 1994; Ramsdell, 2000; Parnell & Crandall, 2001). However, little has been known about PDM for sport organizations. Therefore, this study was initiated to examine relationships between PDM and organizational effectiveness in fitness clubs and provide implications for effective organizational management that can be used in fitness clubs. Method: This study utilized a survey method with a total of 400 employees from public and commercial fitness clubs located in DMC. A questionnaire included factors such as demographics, PDM (Kahnweiler & Thompson, 2000) and organizational effectiveness. The PDM has three sub factors including actual participation, expected participation and job control. The organizational effectiveness in this study was measured by using two different constructs such as job performance (Kadushin, 1992) and job satisfaction (Kang, 2010). All the instruments were validated through exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS 20 by descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression at a significance level of a=.05. Result: The findings of current study were as follows. First, among three sub factors the level of actual participation in the PDM had the highest mean score (M=3.41, SD=.70). Job performance had the mean score of 3.49(SD=.65), and job satisfaction had the mean score of 3.61(SD=.66). Second, the factor of actual participation had the highest correlation with job performance(r=.709, p=.000) and the factor of job control had the highest correlation with job satisfaction(r=.481, p=.000). Third, the PDM had a significant influence on job performance (R2=.515, F=119.023, p=.000) and among others the actual participation had a highest relationship with the dependent variable (ß=.454, p=.000). Finally, the PDM also had a significant influence on job satisfaction (R2=.291, p=.000) and the job control had a highest relationship with the dependent variable (ß=.290, p=.000). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that fitness employees’ ability to conduct PDM is essential to perform PDM in various decision making processes in fitness clubs. Especially, top managers and leaders need to create an organizational environment that helps promote PDM by clarifying the importance of PDM and establishing a participatory organizational structure. By doing so, fitness clubs can have more competitive advantages over competitors.

Recommendations of developmental strategies for a marine leisure event using Importance-Performance Analysis

( Woojeong Cho ),( Dahye Jang ),( Jungki Hong ),( Euiyul Choi ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: This study was initiated to examine the visitors’ satisfaction factors to a marine leisure event using IPA and provide fundamental information that helps further develop the event. In specific, this study attempted to identify important satisfaction factors for visitors to perceive in consuming a marine leisure event and levels of satisfaction in them. Method: The study employed a survey method with a total of 217 visitors to a marine leisure event held in BMC. The questionnaire was consisted of 5 satisfaction factors including accessibility, facility, operation, publicity and exhibition quality. All the factors and items were derived from previous research (Ryu, 2012) and validated by a panel of experts who checked out factor and item representativeness and appropriateness. With SPSS 20.0, the collected data were analyzed through t-tests and IPA. IPA results provide a strategic direction for each item such as ‘keep up the good work’, ‘concentrate here’, ‘low priority’, and ‘possible overkill’ based on the matrix (Martilla & James, 1997). Result: Findings of current study were as follows. First, the mean score of all 24 importance items were 3.85 at 5 point Likert scale and among others employee kindness, safety and security, amenity, program variety and overall facility quality had high priorities. Second, the mean score of all 24 performance items were 3.53 at 5 point Likert scale and among others safety and security, parking easiness, public transportation, staff kindness and overall facility quality had relatively high levels of satisfaction. Third, IPA results showed that program variety and experience program belonged to II in the quadrant which means ‘concentrate here’. In addition, such items belonged to I in the quadrant as safety and security, parking easiness, staff kindness, overall facility quality, public transportation, amenity, and information signs. Conclusion: Overall performance levels of all 24 factors were lower than overall importance levels of all the items. In conclusion, it was suggested that visitors’ satisfaction factors should be appropriately dealt with based on the IPA matrix. Especially, items with high importance and low performance levels need more marketing and operating efforts from event organizers.

The relationships among organizational structure, decision-making styles, and organizational effectiveness in sports centers

( Woojeong Cho ),( Kyongmin Lee ),( Chungwan Ryu ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: As today’s business environment becomes more complex and specialized, debate has concentrated on whether an individual who has limited knowledge and experience can make rational decisions (Bohm & Brun, 2008; Hayashi, 2001). Accordingly, the current business, management, and organizational literature (Ha, 2013; Min, 2015; Riaz, Riaz, & Batool, 2014) has focused on classifying managerial decision-making styles by the degree to which top management allows group members to participate in the process and determining how managerial decision-making affects organizational effectiveness. However, to date, relatively little research in sport management has investigated the impact of decision-making style on organizational effectiveness. Thus, the present study examined the relationships among organizational structure, decision-making styles, and organizational effectiveness in sports centers for the purpose of determining an optimal decision- making model for sports centers based on organizational structure. Method: For this purpose, a survey was given to a random sample of 341 sports center staff working in D metropolitan city. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analysis. Result: The major findings of this study were as follows. First, centralization and formalization had a significant effect on the rational and dependent decision styles in sports centers. Second, centralization and formalization had a significant effect on organizational commitment and job satisfaction of employees in sports centers. The most influential dimension of organizational structure that affected employees’ organizational commitment and job satisfaction was formalization. Third, decision-making style had a significant effect on organizational commitment of employees in sports centers. The most influential decision-making style that affected employees’ organizational commitment was the rational decision style. Additionally, the decision-making style had a significant effect on job satisfaction of employees in sports centers. Rational style alone had an effect on employees’ job satisfaction. Conclusion: This study is meaningful in understanding the impact of decision-making style taken from decision theory of Harren (1979) on organizational effectiveness in sport management. The findings of this study shows that sports centers can make optimal decisions based on organizational structure and that decision-making style can affect organizational effectiveness.

Efficient Solid-Phase Synthesis of Glycopeptoids

Suekyung Cho,Woojeong Jang,Yunyoung Lee,Euddeum Park,Yong-Uk Kwon 한국당과학회 2010 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.1

With the completion of the human genome projects, one of the most important scientific issues is to investigate the biological function of each protein. In higher organisms, the functional outputs of the numerous gene products seem to be much more complex when compared to the number of genes, emphasizing the importance of post-translational modifications such as glycosylation and phosphorylation. Despite the fact that glycoproteins are involved in various biological phenomena, the systematic studies of the effects of protein glycosylation have been limited due to the heterogeneity and structural complexity of carbohydrates. In order to access glycopeptides and glycoproteins of defined structure, various chemical, enzymatic and genetic approaches have been developed. As glycopeptide mimetics, we envisioned to develop glycopeptoids because peptoids have many advantages over peptides, including easy synthesis of libraries, a myriad of chemical diversity, proteolytic resistance and improved cell permeability. For the synthesis of glycopeptoids, we have employed the well established ‘submonomer strategy’ on the solid-phase using many commercially available primary amines and synthetically prepared sugar amines. In addition, diastereomeric sugar monomers were differentiated by using different amine linkers, resulting in successful sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Glycopeptoids should be useful chemical tools for various biological applications including studies for binding affinity to specific proteins or lectins, development of therapeutics such as antibiotics, and profiling studies of diseases.

Analyses of yacht tourism demand and expenditure determinants using binary logistic regression

( Jaehyung Lee ),( Woojeong Cho ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: Yacht tourism is one of the most developing marine sport tourism sectors in the world. As yacht tourism creates higher revenues and provides sustainable development opportunities, it has been recognized as a strategic tool to promote tourism industries for regional governments (Sariisik, Turkay & Akova, 2011). This study was initiated to analyze yacht tourism demand and expenditure determinants and provide fundamental information that help establish marketing strategies for yacht tourism businesses as well as promotional policies for regional governments. Method: This study employed a survey method with a total of 250 potential consumers using convenient sampling in Busan. A questionnaire included factors such as demographics, yacht tourism experience, yacht tourism preference and yacht tourism motivation, all of which were derived from literature review. A binary logistic regression was modeled with dichotomous dependent variables including intention to yacht tourism and expenditure (100,000 won more or less). Following were input in the models as the dependent variables in order to examine the relationships; gender, age, income, education, residency, experience, preferred types, companion, preferred schedule and motivations. Result: The results of the logistic regression analyses are as follows. First, the model for forecasting yacht tourism demand was statistically significant, X2(24, N=250)=37.185, p=.042. Cox and Snell R2 was reported as .138 and .191 respectively. Thus, the model accounted for between 13.8 and 19.1% of the variation in the demand. Among the independent variables, income, education and preferred type were found to be the significant factors to the demand. Second, the model for examining yacht tourism expenditure determinants was also statistically significant, X2(24, N=250)=61.330, p=.000. Cox and Snell R2 was reported as .218 and .298 respectively. Thus, the model explained between 21.8% and 29.8% of the variation in the expenditure. Among the independent variables, income, education, experience and preferred schedule had significant relationships with the dependent variable. Conclusion: As mentioned previously, yacht tourism has been greatly highlighted and began to play an important role in the marine tourism development in Korea. In specific, Busan that has a great amount of marine tourism resources and attractions has attempted to promote yacht tourism over the competitors. In conclusion, such the demand and expenditure determinant information is believed to contribute to further development of yacht tourism in the area.

주문형 운송 서비스 모바일 어플리케이션의 UX 분석 -그랩과 카카오T의 비교를 중심으로

박민주(Minju Park),조영란(Yeongran Cho),임정민(Jeongmin Lim),전우정(Woojeong Chon) 한국디자인학회 2023 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.5