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Hwang Wonjae,Choi Joong Kyung,방문석,Park Woong-Yang,Oh Byung-Mo 대한뇌신경재활학회 2022 뇌신경재활 Vol.15 No.3
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is gaining popularity as a research tool in neuroscience; however, little is known about its molecular mechanisms of action. The present study aimed to investigate the rTMS-induced transcriptomic changes; we performed microarray messenger RNA, micro RNA, and integrated analyses to explore these molecular events. Eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a single session of unilateral rTMS at 1 Hz (n = 4) or sham (n = 4). The left hemisphere was stimulated for 20 minutes. To evaluate the cumulative effect of rTMS, eight additional rats were assigned to the 1-Hz (n = 4) or sham (n = 4) rTMS groups. The left hemisphere was stimulated for 5 consecutive days using the same protocol. Microarray analysis revealed differentially expressed genes in the rat cortex after rTMS treatment. The overrepresented gene ontology categories included the positive regulation of axon extension, axonogenesis, intracellular transport, and synaptic plasticity after repeated sessions of rTMS. A single session of rTMS primarily induced changes in the early genes, and several miRNAs were significantly related to the mRNAs. Future studies are required to validate the functional significance of selected genes and refine the therapeutic use of rTMS.
Do Korean-Japanese Historical Disputes Generate Rally Effects?
Hwang, Wonjae,Cho, Wonbin,Wiegand, Krista Cambridge University Press 2018 The Journal of Asian Studies Vol.77 No.3
<P>Does ongoing animosity between South Korea and Japan over the disputed Dokdo Islands and other issues that originated from historical disputes generate rally effects in Korean domestic politics? This article argues that the Dokdo Islands dispute-and related disputed issues rooted in the colonial experience of Korea under Japan's rule historically-strongly influence Korean presidents’ abilities to effectively mobilize domestic support for not only the issues, but particularly the public opinion of presidents. Using data on Korean presidents’ approval ratings between 1993 and 2016, this article shows that Korea's bilateral disputes with Japan tend to promote Korean presidential popularity. The findings suggest that external crises with Japan related to historical disputes have positive political effects on leadership ratings in Korea.</P>
Trilateral Trade and Taking a Side Between the U.S. and China
( Wonjae Hwang ),( Randy Willemain ),( Sang-hwan Lee ) 한국국방연구원 2020 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.32 No.4
Does China’s growing economic power generate political influence over its economic partners’ foreign policies? Does this tendency, if it exists, occur at the expense of U.S. interests on those issues? Since China and the U.S. maintain extremely opposing positions over diverse foreign policy issues, it is important to explore these questions. In the analysis of panel data on trilateral trade for China and the U.S. between 1991 and 2014, our empirical results show that China’s trade partners are likely to vote alongside it but against the U.S., even on human rights or important issues identified by the U.S. government in the UN General Assembly. In both cases, as the relative size of trade with China in comparison to the size of trade with the U.S. increases, a state tends to vote alongside China rather than the U.S. The findings imply that growing policy cooperation between China and its trade partners comes at the expense of U.S. national interests and its leadership to a great extent.
Wonjae Hwang,Seong Min Kang,Sang Yoon Lee,Han Gil Seo,박윤길,Bum Sun Kwon,Kwang Jae Lee,김덕용,김형섭,Shi-Uk Lee 대한재활의학회 2022 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.46 No.4
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Daewoong botulinum toxin type A (NABOTA) after its launch in South Korea.Methods This prospective, multicenter, open-label phase IV clinical trial included 222 patients with stroke. All patients visited the clinic at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, and 12 after injection of upto 360 units of NABOTA into the wrist, elbow, and finger flexor muscles at the first visit. The primary outcome was the change in Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score for the wrist flexor muscles between baseline and week 4. The secondary outcomes were the changes in MAS, Disability Assessment Scale (DAS), and Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS) scores between baseline and each visit, and the Global Assessment Scale (GAS) score at week 12.Results There was a statistically significant decrease in the MAS score for the wrist flexors between baseline and week 4 (-0.97±0.66, p<0.001). Compared with baseline, the MAS, DAS and CBS scores improved significantly during the study period. The GAS was rated as very good or good by 86.8% of physicians and by 60.0% of patients (or caregivers). The incidence of adverse events was 14.4%, which is smaller than that in a previous trial.Conclusion NABOTA showed considerable efficacy and safety in the management of upper limb spasticity in stroke patients.
( Wonjae Hwang ),( Junhan Lee ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2017 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.41 No.1
South Korea has traditionally maintained close ties with the United States, especially for external security, while more recently it has become closer to China, mainly for economic reasons. In this article we examine whether growing economic ties between South Korea and China promote their cooperation and common policy preferences and simultaneously weaken Korea-US relations. We examine the voting congruence of South Korea and China in the United Nations General Assembly between 1991 and 2012 and find no clear evidence that economic integration promotes congruence. Rather, South Korea`s policy preferences are usually determined by independent consideration of issues.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Income Inequality and Growth in South Korea
Hwang, Wonjae,Jo, Jungin Korea Consensus Institute(KCI) 2021 Analyses & alternatives Vol.5 No.2
Does Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) exacerbate income inequality in South Korea? If so, does rising income inequality come for the sake of economic growth? This study explores the impact of FDI on income inequality and growth in South Korea. To this end, we collect data on FDI and income inequality/economic growth at both national and provincial levels and empirically test their relationships in South Korea. The empirical results confirm our expectation that FDI magnifies income inequality. Furthermore, we fail to find a positive relationship between FDI and economic growth, implying that income inequality as a consequence of FDI does not come for the sake of economic growth in Korea. Findings suggest that more systematic research and nuanced policy design is necessary to circumvent the mechanisms at play that link the surge of FDI inflows and the exponential expansion of economic inequality.