마그네슘 풍부 해양미네랄 용액이 hairless 마우스의 아토피성 피부염에 미치는 영향

김동희,이규재,최주봉,이영미,윤양숙,김정례,장병수,양용석 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.3

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease that often has asthma and allergic rhinitis. Magnesium salts, the important component of minerals in Dead Sea water, are known to exhibit beneficial effects in inflammatory disease. Favorable effects of magnesium ions and sea water treated to the skin of patients with contact dermatitis have been reported. But histological and immunological investigations are insufficient. This study was performed to examine the inhibitory effect of magnesium-rich sea mineral water on the development of AD-like skin lesions in hairless mice. AD-like skin lesions are induced by the repeated application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Local application of magnesium-rich sea mineral water on hairless mice skin applied with DNCB inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions as exemplified by a significant increase in skin hydration (p<0.01), and a decrease in epidermal water loss (p<0.01). Serum IgE level was also significantly decreased (p<0.01). These results suggest that magnesiumrich sea mineral water inhibits the development of DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions in hairless mice. These observations indicate that magnesium-rich sea mineral water may be alternative and assistant substances for the management of AD. 아토피성 피부염은 주로 천식과 비염 등을 동반하는, 주위에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 만성 염증성 피부질환으로 유전학적, 환경적, 면역학적 요인이 복잡하게 연관되어 발병한다. 해수에 포함된 마그네슘염은 피부에 작용하여 피부장벽을 보호하는 것으로 알려지고 그에 대한 면역학적인 연구와 조직학적 연구는 아직 부족한 실정이다. 이번 연구에서는 피부염을 인위적으로 일으키는 hapten 형성물질인 DNCB를 hairless mice에 도포하여 아토피 피부염 동물 모델로 만든 후, 마그네슘이 다량 함유된 해양 미네랄수를 처리한 후 피부장벽에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. DNCB로 피부염을 유발한 hairless mice에 해양미네랄수를 국소적으로 도포하였을 때 유의한 피부수분함량이 증가와 경피수분손실의 감소를 확인하였다 (p<0.01). 피부측정에서 피부거칠기(skin roughness, p<0.05)와 스케일생성 (skin scaliness, p<0.01)은 실험군에서 유의한 개선효과를 나타내었으며 조직학적 검사에서도 피부손상지수의 유의한 감소 (p<0.01)와 비만세포와 (p<0.01) 호산구의 감소(p<0.05) 소견을 보였고 또한 혈청 IgE의 감소를 관찰할 수 있었다(p<0.01). 이상과 같이 마그네슘이 다량 함유된 해양 미네랄수 도포는 피부장벽의 손상을 줄이고 피부수분손실을 효과적으로 줄임으로 아토피성 피부염 증상 유발을 억제할수 있음을 확인하였다. 현재까지 아토피성 피부염의 관리를 위하여 세라마이드나 식물성 오일의 보습제가 주로 활용되고 있는 상황에서 부가적인 피부장벽의 보호를 위하여 탈염 해양 미네랄수의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되며 장기적으로 아토피 피부염치료의 대체, 혹은 보조적 물질로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

A Research on the Construction of golf Course and Its Surrounding Area in China from the Perspective of “Ecology-Production-Life” Space

Haolong Xu(Haolong Xu),Fengli Sun(Fengli Sun) 동북아경상학회 2022 동북아경상연구 Vol.3 No.2

Purpose - This paper aims to analyze and provide solutions to the current problems of golf courses and surrounding land in China, guided by the concept of “ecology-production-living” space and using scientific and objective analysis while selecting appropriate indicators. This paper hopes to optimize the utilization value of golf courses and their surrounding space in China and provide a new and feasible basis and method for the rational development and popularization of golf in China based on the country’s actual situation. Design/Methodology/Approach - Combining with domestic and foreign theories and research, this paper analyzed the “ecology-production-life” space problems in golf course and its surrounding area, and draws a series of corresponding conclusions or strategies. Findings - This paper studies the strategic measures for the sustainable development of Chinese golf from the perspective of “ecology-production-life” space are obtained. Research Implications - In terms of the managerial implication of this paper, this study provides a new feasible basis and method for the rational development and popularization of golf in China. It also has certain practical significance for realizing the rural revitalization strategy.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Flower-like and Plate-like CuO Nanopowder and Their Photocatalytic Activity for Polluted Lake Water

Xu, Ling,Xu, Hai-Yan,Wang, Feng,Zhang, Feng-Jun,Meng, Ze-Da,Zhao, Wei,Oh, Won-Chun The Korean Ceramic Society 2012 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.49 No.2

Flower-like and plate-like CuO nanopowder has been successfully synthesized using a facile microwave-assisted synthetic route. The morphology and size of the final products strongly depended on microwave power. The phase, structures and morphologies of the as-prepared products were investigated in detail by BET surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the chemical oxygen demand of polluted lake water was employed for characterization of these new photocatalysts. The results showed correlations between the morphology of CuO micro-crystals and their catalytic properties.

The Production Characteristics of Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699 in Bioreactor Culture Using Optimal Medium

Feng Xu Ma,Jung Hun Kim,Sung Bae Kim,He Li,Chang-Joon Kim 한국생물공학회 2007 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.10

Strange quark mass effect on the structure of hybrid stars

Xu, Jian-Feng,Luo, Yan-An,Li, Lei,Peng, Guang-Xiong World Scientific Publishing Company 2018 International Journal of Modern Physics E Vol.27 No.1

<P>We study the strange quark mass effect on the phase diagram of strong interaction and the structure of compact stars with a thermodynamically enhanced perturbative QCD model by matching quark matter onto nuclear matter using the Gibbs conditions. It is found that the mass effect of strange quark matter can obviously stiffen the equation of state of mixed phases and result in more massive hybrid stars (HSs), while that usually lowers the maximum mass of pure quark stars. Given reasonable model parameters, the maximum mass of HSs can reach two times the solar mass and the stars always have mixed-phase core in a considerably wide range of model parameters.</P>

Interpretative and Legislative Approach to Climate Change Subsidies under the WTO Mechanism

Feng Dong xu(풍동옥),Lee Eun Sup(이은섭) 법무부 국제법무정책과 2014 통상법률 Vol.- No.117

In order to address climate change issues, governments may seek to provide subsidies for the climate friendly projects or the production of climate friendly products. Indeed, many countries already have begun to incorporate subsidies into their plans for addressing climate change. Subsidy policies inevitably affect international trade measures, the application of which would lead to issues about whether they are WTO-consistent. The principal restraint on climate change subsidies could be found in the SCM Agreement. If climate change subsidy policies are designed and applied in manners that are not specific to an industry or certain industries, they will not be challenged under the SCM Agreement. In addition, if such subsidies are specific but fall within specified exceptions outlined in Article 8.2 of the SCM Agreement, they would also be considered non-actionable and not be challenged. However, these exceptions expired at the end of 1999 and have not been renewed. Since the existing SCM Agreement no longer contains general exceptions or “saving” clauses for legitimate environmental measures, the majority of climate change subsidies would fall within the concept of actionable or prohibited subsidies. Therefore, the application of such subsidies would be incompatible with the SCM Agreement provisions. Although Members can design their subsidy policies to make them meet the SCM Agreement requirements, they will lose a number of effective subsidies and may be impeded by the potential challenges. In order to reduce the risk that climate friendly subsidy policies could be challengeable under the SCM Agreement provisions, and encourage Members to reduce GHG emissions and address climate change, the existing SCM Agreement should be modified. This paper examines whether WTO rules promote the best use of subsidies. It firstly introduces the practice of the climate change subsidies in many countries, and argues that not all subsidies have negative effects from an environmental perspective and certain subsidy policies could play a positive role in addressing climate change issues. Part III discusses the potential conflicts between climate change subsidies and provisions under the SCM Agreement, and then, Part IV suggests that the existing SCM Agreement should be modified inorder to permit certain climate friendly subsidy policies and to encourage Members to address climate change issues.

Preparation and Optimization of Porous Regenerated Cellulose Microspheres for Adsorption of Methylene Blue

Feng Xu,Byoung-Uk Cho 한국펄프·종이공학회 2022 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.10

Synthesis, Characterization, and Micellization of pH-Responsive Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-Poly(methacrylic acid) Four-Armed Star-Shaped Block Copolymers

Feng Xu,Shu-Zhen Zheng,Yan-Ling Luo,Ting-Ting Chen 한국고분자학회 2013 Macromolecular Research Vol.21 No.9

pH-sensitive poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(methacrylic acid) (P4VP-b-PMAA) four-armed starshaped block copolymers were synthesized by two-step atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), followed by hydrolysis of P4VP-b-poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (P4VP-b-PtBMA). The chemical structure and molecular weight of the as-synthesized block copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) determinations. The solution behavior was investigated by surface tension technique, ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) transmittance,transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potentials measurements. The experimental results indicated that the copolymers can spontaneously assemble into spherical-shaped core-shell micelle aggregates, with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) about 200 mg L-1, hydrodynamic diameters from 90to 210 nm, depending on the environmental pH values and compositional ratios. The transmittance measurements revealed that the block copolymers produce evident phase transition in aqueous solution at pH from 6.5 to 7.0. Zeta potential data revealed high micelle stability. The as-synthesized block copolymers are anticipated to find their applications in the realms of specific drug release, metal loading and heterogeneous catalysis.

Border Tax Adjustment on Imports Responding to Climate Change under the WTO Rules

Feng, Dong-xu,Lee Eun-Sup(이은섭) 법무부 국제법무정책과 2013 통상법률 Vol.- No.113

There has been a growing concern that greenhouse gas emissions could make the phenomenon of climate change more serious. In order to slow down this phenomenon, the greenhouse gas emissions have to be reduced. Imposing a tax on carbon and energy is considered as an effective way to encourage a more efficient use of fossil fuels and energy. However, this kind of tax, in effect, will make carbon/energy-intensive products more expensive and thus change the terms of competition. To offset these additional costs and eliminate the competitive disadvantage, the system of border tax adjustments was introduced. Border tax adjustments responding to climate change would address the competitiveness concerns on domestic industries, and accordingly may reduce the resistance of these industries to greenhouse gas reduction regulation. The border tax adjustments have been applied from the beginning of GATT, however, the intricacies of them for climate change-based regulations have yet to become totally clear. In order to gain its legitimacy under the current multilateral trading mechanism, a border tax adjustment measure must be designed and applied in a way to be in compliance with WTO rules. For this, the focus should be put on how the climate change-related border tax adjustment measures can be designed and applied so as to avoid WTO-illegal questions. The article introduces the background and definition of border tax adjustment, which are followed by the conflicts and harmonization of the adjustment with the WTO’s principle and provisions. Throughout the article, the focus is put on how the climate change-related border tax adjustments can be designed and applied so as to avoid the WTO-contradictory issues and questions. If a country embarks on a carefully designed measure of border carbon/ energy tax adjustments, these measures could secure the legality under the WTO mechanism. This means that border tax adjustment could be one of the efficient trade measures to reduce the risk of a market being filled with pollution-intensive imports and accordingly to combat climate change issues under the current WTO mechanism.

Screening and Selection of Medium Components by Plackett-Burman Design for Improved Production of Rifamycin B by Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699

Feng Xu Ma,Jung Hun Kim,Sung Bae Kim,Yang-Gon Seo,Chang-Joon Kim 한국생물공학회 2007 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.4