창업시 고려사항과 성공요건

朴三植,金儀植 대구산업정보대학 1999 논문집 Vol.13 No.1

The enthusiasm for founding companies using small amounts of capital increases as the national economy declines and the quality of life worsens due to mass unemployment conditions. This enthusiasm has resulted in the flooding of consulting companies and massive demand for information about business enterprises, which has created problems. This paper analyses the problems created by this enthusiasm, and an-anges factors necessary for consideration when embarking on a business enterprise. This paper offers counsel on the successful launching of business enterprises through the careful study and analysis of the literature existing literature on such topics as founding policies, business circle trends, national unemployment policies, commercial support policies, realities of business education, guides to business enterprise strategy, enterprise consideration factors, location choice, commercial power analysis, advisable commercial areas and business, et.al

공업용 접착제 증기 흡입이 흰생쥐 기관상피에 미치는 영향 : 조직화학적 및 미세구조적 연구

박경호,박삼열,고정식,안의태,박대균 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Industrial glues, known as Bonds in Korea, contain many kinds of organic solvents, and glue sniffing of youths became one of the social problems in Korea. Mixed exposures to solvents by glue sniffing may induce chronic toxicities different from those induced by exposures to the solvent of single component. In this study, toxicological insult of the inhalation of glue vapor on the primary target organ, the tracheal epithelium of the respiratory system was morphologically worked out. Vapor samples of organic solvents were collected for analysis, and the components found were aceton, n-hexane, methyl cyclopentane, c-hexane, and toluene by gas mas. In order to inhale the organic solvents of adhesives to the mouse, experimental animals were exposed to vapors of the glues(acetone 5212 ppm, n-hexane 139 ppm, c-hexane 3757 ppm, methylcyclopentane 1820 ppm, and toluene 2.2 ppm) in a chamber for 20 min/day for 3, 5, 7, 14 consecutive days, in a whole body inhalation chamber. Control groups were exposed to room air. Animals were sacrificed and tracheal tissues were collected and fixed in 10% neutral formalin for light microscopy and in 2.5% glutaradlehyde - 1.5% paraformaldehyde for transmission electron microscopy and in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for scanning electron microscopy. The results are as follows : 1. In the tracheal epithelium of a normal mouse, ciliated cells, nonciliated cells and basal cells were found, but goblet cells and submucosal glands were not found. 2. In the tracheal mucosa of a normal mouse, alcianophilic bands were detected, but PAS positive bands were not found, but alcian blue-PAS positive cells were found in the mucosae exposed to glue vapor for 7 days and 14days. 3. Distributing of ciliated and nonciliated cells in the epithelium were roughly comparable during experimental periods; the longer the experimental period(2 week), higher the percentage of non-ciliated cells. 4. The mouse of organic solvent inhaled group showed three distinct forms of nonciliated cells, which were apparently transitional types between nonciliated cells and ciliated cells. It is suggested that the role of the nonciliated cell might be a developmental functioning involved in the epithelial cell turnover. Nonciliated cells show a great deal of plasticity; change to ciliated cells during the early phase; and revolving of nonciliated cells during the repopulation phase after injury. The results suggest that ultrastructural morphologic changes in tracheal epithelia may occur following glue sniffing, and those structural changes were analysed as an adaption to the environment.

溫病學 辯證論治의 發展에 關한 硏究

崔三燮,朴贊?,洪元植 慶熙大學校韓醫科大學韓醫學硏究所 1987 慶熙韓醫大論文集 Vol.10 No.-

Effects of Joint Position on the Distraction Distance in Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis of Glenohumeral Joint

Sam Sik Park,Ki Do Kim,Yong Pil Hwang,Ok Kon Moon,Bo Kyung Kim,Wan Suk Choi 국제물리치료학회 2015 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of joint position on the distraction distance in patients with adhesive capsulitis of glenohumeral joint. The study was conducted upon 20 adults in their 40's with the findings of adhesive capsulitis of glenohumeral joint. These subjects were subdivided into 3 groups, which were a group with neutral position(n=7), second group with resting position(n=7) and third group with end-range position( n=6). After having the subject wearing sleeveless shirts exposing armpit and lying straight on the plinth, a physical therapist with OMT qualification pulled glenohumeral joint at the Grade Ⅲ of Kaltenborn-Evjenth traction; and the distance between glenoid fossa and humeral head was measured with ultrasound. Following the application of traction, the group with resting position(.67±0.29) exhibited the longest distance between humeral head and glenoid fossa, and it was followed by neutral position(.50±0.25) and end-range position(.35±.21) in this order. From the comparison of these groups, there was no significant difference in distraction distance between resting position and neutral position; and there was again no significant difference in distraction distance between end-range position and neutral position. However, there was a significant difference in distraction distance between end-range position and resting position(p<.05). Upon application of the Grade Ⅲ of Kaltenborn-Evjenth traction, it was evident that the distance between humeral head and glenoid fossa can be varied depending on the location of the joint.

Optimum chemical composition of raw catalytic materials for a De-NOx SCR honeycomb

Sam-Sik Park,Dae-Hyun Yoon,Sang-Hee You,Won-Tea Bae,Dong-Woo Shin 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2008 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.9 No.6

The chemical composition of raw materials for a TiO2- based honeycomb extruded for De-NOx via selective catalytic reduction (SCR) was optimized in terms of catalytic activity and extrusion formability. The catalytic activity of powder mixtures containing TiO2, 10 w/o of WO3, 1-2 w/o of V2O5 and 1, 3 and 5 w/o of SO3 were examined. Various combinations of catalytic materials in the form of either oxide power or precursor dissolvable in an oxalic acid solution were attempted in order to differentiate the effect of homogeneity of catalytic materials while mixing with TiO2 powder. V2O5 powder or ammonium metavanadate (AMV), and WO3 powder or ammonium metatungstate hydrate (AMT) dissolved in an oxalic acid solution were used as sources of V2O5 and WO3, respectively. The powder mixture containing 1 w/o V2O5 and 10 w/o WO3 obtained from AMV and AMT dissolved in an oxalic acid solution, exhibited more than 90% of De-NOx activity at temperatures above 300 oC, attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of V2O5 in TiO2 particles due to the complete solubility of AMV in oxalic acid. Increasing the V2O5 content from 1 w/o to 2 w/o, and adding 1 w/o of SO3 in the form of H2SO4, while maintaining the WO3 content at 10 w/o, consequently with a chemical composition of TiO2/10 w/o WO3/2 w/o V2O5/1 w/o SO3, showed nearly 100% NOx reduction in the temperature range of 250 oC to 400 oC. Based on this composition of a catalytic powder mixture, the additives for extrusion forming such as inorganic binder, water, MC, and PEG were also optimized as 8, 40, 3.5 and 3.5 parts, respectively, with respect to the weight of the catalytic powder mixture. The processing developed in this study was applied in manufacturing a large scale commercial SCR honeycomb catalyst with 150 mm × 150 mm × 1,000 mm dimensions. The chemical composition of raw materials for a TiO2- based honeycomb extruded for De-NOx via selective catalytic reduction (SCR) was optimized in terms of catalytic activity and extrusion formability. The catalytic activity of powder mixtures containing TiO2, 10 w/o of WO3, 1-2 w/o of V2O5 and 1, 3 and 5 w/o of SO3 were examined. Various combinations of catalytic materials in the form of either oxide power or precursor dissolvable in an oxalic acid solution were attempted in order to differentiate the effect of homogeneity of catalytic materials while mixing with TiO2 powder. V2O5 powder or ammonium metavanadate (AMV), and WO3 powder or ammonium metatungstate hydrate (AMT) dissolved in an oxalic acid solution were used as sources of V2O5 and WO3, respectively. The powder mixture containing 1 w/o V2O5 and 10 w/o WO3 obtained from AMV and AMT dissolved in an oxalic acid solution, exhibited more than 90% of De-NOx activity at temperatures above 300 oC, attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of V2O5 in TiO2 particles due to the complete solubility of AMV in oxalic acid. Increasing the V2O5 content from 1 w/o to 2 w/o, and adding 1 w/o of SO3 in the form of H2SO4, while maintaining the WO3 content at 10 w/o, consequently with a chemical composition of TiO2/10 w/o WO3/2 w/o V2O5/1 w/o SO3, showed nearly 100% NOx reduction in the temperature range of 250 oC to 400 oC. Based on this composition of a catalytic powder mixture, the additives for extrusion forming such as inorganic binder, water, MC, and PEG were also optimized as 8, 40, 3.5 and 3.5 parts, respectively, with respect to the weight of the catalytic powder mixture. The processing developed in this study was applied in manufacturing a large scale commercial SCR honeycomb catalyst with 150 mm × 150 mm × 1,000 mm dimensions.

Effects of Joint Position on the Distraction Distance in Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis of Glenohumeral Joint

Park, Sam Sik,Kim, Ki Do,Hwang, Yong Pil,Moon, Ok Kon,Kim, Bo Kyung,Choi, Wan Suk International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2015 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of joint position on the distraction distance in patients with adhesive capsulitis of glenohumeral joint. The study was conducted upon 20 adults in their 40's with the findings of adhesive capsulitis of glenohumeral joint. These subjects were subdivided into 3 groups, which were a group with neutral position(n=7), second group with resting position(n=7) and third group with end-range position(n=6). After having the subject wearing sleeveless shirts exposing armpit and lying straight on the plinth, a physical therapist with OMT qualification pulled glenohumeral joint at the Grade III of Kaltenborn-Evjenth traction; and the distance between glenoid fossa and humeral head was measured with ultrasound. Following the application of traction, the group with resting position($.67{\pm}0.29$) exhibited the longest distance between humeral head and glenoid fossa, and it was followed by neutral position($.50{\pm}0.25$) and end-range position($.35{\pm}.21$) in this order. From the comparison of these groups, there was no significant difference in distraction distance between resting position and neutral position; and there was again no significant difference in distraction distance between end-range position and neutral position. However, there was a significant difference in distraction distance between end-range position and resting position(p<.05). Upon application of the Grade III of Kaltenborn-Evjenth traction, it was evident that the distance between humeral head and glenoid fossa can be varied depending on the location of the joint.

肩臂痛의 手指相應療法과 氣功療法에 대한 臨床的 硏究

나삼식(Sam Sik Na),김성삼(Sung Sam Kim),박재수(Jae Soo Park),이기남(Gi Nam Lee) 대한의료기공학회 1998 醫療氣功 Vol.2 No.1

자치구 브랜드 슬로건 이미지와 자산 구성요소에 관한 연구

박삼식 ( Sam Sik Park ),석기준 ( Kee Joon Seok ) 한국세무회계학회 2010 세무회계연구 Vol.0 No.26

본 연구는 부산의 16개 자치구 중 해운대구를 대상으로 브랜드 슬로건의 이미지 요인이 브랜드 연상 및 태도와 어떤 관계를 가지는 지를 분석함으로서 표적시장의 잠재고객에게 지역을 효과적으로 알릴 수 있는 브랜드 슬로건의 개발과 평가에 대한 실증적 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 브랜드 슬로건 이미지 평가항목의 타당성과 측정항목의 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 브랜드 슬로건 이미지 요인의 타당성 분석결과 친밀성, 차별성, 의미성 및 이해가능성의 네 개 요인으로 묶여졌다. 신뢰도 분석 결과 Cronbach의 α 계수는 모두 0.8 이상을 나타내어 측정척도는 신뢰할 수 있었다. 둘째, 브랜드 슬로건 이미지가 브랜드 연상 및 태도에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 지역친숙도, 지역인지도 및 브랜드 슬로건 인지도의 조절변수가 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 조절회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연상을 종속변수로 하고 지역친숙도와 조절변수의 상호작용 효과를 검증한 결과 1%의 유의수준에서 모두 유의한 결과를 나타내었다. 지역인지도의 상호작용 효과검증 결과 조절변수인 의미성이 1% 수준에서 조절효과가 있었다. 브랜드 인지도의 상호작용효과 검증 결과 의미성×브랜드 인지도는 1% 수준, 차별성×브랜드 인지도는 5% 수준에서 통계적으로 유의하였다. 태도를 종속변수로 하고 브랜드 슬로건 이미지 항목들과 지역친숙도의 상호작용 효과를 검증한 결과 태도에 미치는 영향은 의미성×지역친숙도만이 5% 수준에서 음(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 브랜드 슬로건 이미지 항목들과 지역인지도의 상호작용항이 태도에 미치는 영향은 의미성×지역인지도만이 5% 수준에서 유의하였으며, 음(-)의 영향을 미쳤다. 브랜드 슬로건 이미지 항목들과 브랜드 인지도의 태도에 대한 영향은 의미성×브랜드인지도는 1%, 차별성×브랜드 인지도는 5%, 친밀성×브랜드인지도는 10% 수준에서 유의하였다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 도시 브랜드 전반에 대한 브랜드 슬로건 이미지의 전략적 방향을 제시하는 데 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다. Urban managers need to have as much knowledge as possible on all dimensions that affect the city, in order to make informed decisions and draw up a good city plan. To create healthy communities and to understand the costs and benefits of different of different development patterns, they need to know the present city image, to then design the image that they want to get and define the actions to improve it. The study of the city image is important part of diagnostic for the city`s strategic planning process. The objective of this study is to define the brand slogan and find out components of it. In addition, the study focused on relations among components of brand equity of brand slogan adopting the concept of brand equity. Literature review indicates that few studies have been conducted in the korea and oversea for this subject. Final purpose of the study is to analyze recognition or attitude toward a autonomous district as a moderator variable in the relation among the components of a brand slogan. Frequency analysis, ANOVA, reliability analysis, validity analysis, factor analysis, moderated regression analysis were used. The results are as follows; The brand slogan image was divided into four factors as a result of exploratory factor analysis. Brand slogan image influences on brand association and brand attitude. Therefore, findings of this study could be utilized a fundamental guide line for a brand slogan`s development. However, this study is exploratory in nature. Thus more studies which elaborate various aspects of research design are expected.

사체 신이식에서 공여자의 상태가 이식신에 미치는 영향

김삼정(Sam Jeoung Kim),박광재(Kwang Jae Park),이종수(Jong Soo Lee),양원석(Won Seok Yang),이상구(Sang Koo Lee),한덕종(Duck Jong Han),박정식(Jeong Sik Park),박수길(Su Kil Park) 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.53 No.4

N/A Background: Kidney transplantation from cadaveric donor is increasing in KOREA. Knowledge of donor factors that can influence early graft function should be an important guideline in determining the suitability of a donor kidney for transplantation. Method: From June 1989 to August 1995, sixty patients with end-stage renal disease underwent kidney transplantation from thirty-two cadaver donors in Asan Medical Center. In this study, we reviewed the clinical characteristics of the cadaver donors including vital sign, urine output, serum creatinine, amounts of vasopressor needed, as well as the cause of brain death and evaluated the effect of these parameters on the early post-transplantation graft function (up to 6 months). Results: The data are given as median (range). The donors had been admitted for 40 hours (12-177) before nephrectomy. During admission, the lowest systolic blood pressure was 85mmHg (60-130). Platelet count was 112×10³/L (11-270×10³). Hour urine output was 447ml/h (212-937). These parameters did not have significant effects on the early post-transplantation graft function of our patients. Fifteen of thirty two donors had peak serum creatinine higher than 1.4mg/dl (mean 1.9㎎/dl, range 1.5-3.6㎎/dl) with serum creatinine 1.5㎎/dl (1.5-2.0) at the time of nephrectomy. The declining tendency and lowest level of serum creatinine after renal transplantation in patients who received kidneys from donor with peak serum creatinine higher than 1.4㎎/dl was not different from those in patients who received kidney with normal function. Conclusion: The transient hypotension or acute reversible mild to moderate deterioration of renal function in cadaver donor does not seem to have significant effect on the early post-transplantation graft function if underlying organic renal disease could be ruled out by careful history taking and clinical evaluation.

Simultaneous determination of five coumarins in Angelicae dahuricae Radix by HPLC/UV and LC-ESI-MS/MS

Park, Ah Yeon,Park, So-Young,Lee, Jaehyun,Jung, Mihye,Kim, Jinwoong,Kang, Sam Sik,Youm, Jeong-Rok,Han, Sang Beom John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2009 Biomedical chromatography Vol.23 No.10

<P>Rapid, simple and reliable HPLC/UV and LC-ESI-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous determination of five active coumarins of Angelicae dahuricae Radix, byakangelicol (1), oxypeucedanin (2), imperatorin (3), phellopterin (4) and isoimperatorin (5) were developed and validated. The separation condition for HPLC/UV was optimized using a Develosil RPAQUEOUS C<SUB>30</SUB> column using 70% acetonitrile in water as the mobile phase. This HPLC/UV method was successful for providing the baseline separation of the five coumarins with no interfering peaks detected in the 70% ethanol extract of Angelicae dahuricae Radix. The specific determination of the five coumarins was also accomplished by a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in the positive mode was used to enhance the selectivity of detection. The LC-ESI-MS/MS methods were successfully applied for the determination of the five major coumarins in Angelicae dahuricae Radix. These HPLC/UV and LC-ESI-MS/MS methods were validated in terms of recovery, linearity, accuracy and precision (intra- and inter-day validation). Taken together, the shorter analysis time involved makes these HPLC/UV and LC-ESI-MS/MS methods valuable for the commercial quality control of Angelicae dahuricae Radix extracts and its pharmaceutical preparations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>