HIGHER EDUCATION FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES IN CHINA: PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES

( Meng Deng ) 대구대학교 한국특수교육문제연구소 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Vol.3 No.1

Since the late 1970s, higher education in China has experienced significant reforms and rapid expansion from an elite to a mass system. While these developments, in conjunction with legislation, policies and advocacy initiatives, have resulted in a significant increase in the enrolment of those with disabilities in higher education in China. Achievements include improved access (to inclusive institutions of higher education, independent universities, departments, colleges and programs), increased options (academic majors, associate degree and bachelor degree programs), and greater support (a new college admission system, more financial support including special grants, and more targeted resources). Despite these achievements, however, little more than 1% of individuals with disability (i.e., only 850,000 of the 85 million people with disabilities in China) have acquired a higher education. Ongoing challenges include lingering stereotypical negative attitudes about the potential of individuals with disabilities, a lack of accountability with respect to the enforcement of regulations and laws protecting the rights of individuals to access education, restricted programs (e.g., only certain majors and programs are accessible to students with disabilities), inadequate resources (especially financial support for students with disabilities from rural and disadvantaged urban areas), inadequate supports (e.g., augmentative and alternative communication in classrooms, libraries and campus buildings), physical barriers (e.g., accessible `barrier-free` campuses as well as classroom environments), and supports for students with disabilities beyond vision, hearing and physical impairments. Continuing efforts are needed to change societal attitudes, to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities (especially in relation to access to and full participation in education and employment); and to support individuals with disabilities in achieving their educational goals. With continued efforts, it should be possible for more than 1% of individuals with disabilities in China to achieve higher education and as a consequence, more productive employment, greater self-respect and independence, and more fulfilling lives.

중국의 장애학생을 위한 고등교육: 발전과 도전과제

( Meng Deng ) 대구대학교 한국특수교육문제연구소 2016 한국특수교육문제연구소 학술대회발표자료집 Vol.2016 No.-

1970년대 후반 이후, 중국의 고등 교육은 엘리트 시스템에서 대중 시스템으로 중요한 개혁과 급속한 확장을 경험하였다. 입법, 정책 및 옹호 활동과 함께, 이러한 발전은 중국의 고등교육에서 장애를 가진 사람들의 입학이 크게 증가하는 결과를 가져왔다. 그 성과들은 향상된 접근성 (고등교육 기관, 독립적인 대학, 학과, 단과대학 및 프로그램), 선택범위의 증가 (학문적 전공, 준학사학위 및 학사학위 과정) 및 지원의 증가 (새로운 대학입학 시스템, 특별 교부금 등의 더 많은 재정적 지원, 더 많은 특정 대상을 위한 자원들) 등을 포함한다. 이러한 성과에도 불구하고, 장애를 가진 개인들의 1 %만이 (즉, 중국에서 장애를 가진 8천5 백만 명 중에서 85만 명만이) 고등교육을 이수했다. 지속적인 문제들에는 장애인의 잠재력에 대한, 쉽게 사라지지 않는 고정관념적인 부정적인 태도, 교육에 접근하는 개인의 권리를 보호하는 규정과 법률의 시행에 관한 책무성의 부족, 제한적인 프로그램 (예를 들어, 장애를 가진 학생들은 특정 전공과 프로그램에만 접근이 허용된다), 불충분한 자원 (특히, 농촌 및 소외 도시 지역의 장애 학생들을 위한 재정적 지원), 불충분한 지원들 (예를 들어, 교실, 도서관, 학교 건물에서의 보완대체 의사소통(augmentative and alternative communication) 도구), 물리적 장벽 (예를 들어, 접근 가능한 “장애물이 없는(barrier-free)” 교실 환경 및 캠퍼스), 시각, 청각 및 신체 장애 외의 장애를 가진 학생들을 위한 지원 등이 있다. 사회적 태도를 변화시키고, (특히 교육과 취업에서의 접근성과 완전한 참여와 관련하여) 장애를 가진 개인의 권리를 보호하고, 장애를 가진 개인들이 자신들의 교육 목표를 달성하는 것을 지원하기 위해서는 계속적인 노력이 필요하다. 지속적인 노력에 의해, 중국에서 장애인의 1 % 이상이 고등 교육을 달성하고, 그 결과, 더 생산적인 고용과 더 큰 자기 존중과 독립 및 더 만족스러운 삶을 달성하는 것이 가능해질 것이다. Since the late 1970s, higher education in China has experienced significant reforms and rapid expansion from an elite to a mass system. While these developments, in conjunction with legislation, policies and advocacy initiatives, have resulted in a significant increase in the enrolment of those with disabilities in higher education in China. Achievements include improved access (to inclusive institutions of higher education, independent universities, departments, colleges and programs), increased options (academic majors, associate degree and bachelor degree programs), and greater support (a new college admission system, more financial support including special grants, and more targeted resources). Despite these achievements, however, little more than 1% of individuals with disability (i.e., only 850,000 of the 85 million people with disabilities in China) have acquired a higher education. Ongoing challenges include lingering stereotypical negative attitudes about the potential of individuals with disabilities, a lack of accountability with respect to the enforcement of regulations and laws protecting the rights of individuals to access education, restricted programs (e.g., only certain majors and programs are accessible to students with disabilities), inadequate resources (especially financial support for students with disabilities from rural and disadvantaged urban areas), inadequate supports (e.g., augmentative and alternative communication in classrooms, libraries and campus buildings), physical barriers (e.g., accessible ‘barrier-free’ campuses as well as classroom environments), and supports for students with disabilities beyond vision, hearing and physical impairments. Continuing efforts are needed to change societal attitudes, to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities (especially in relation to access to and full participation in education and employment); and to support individuals with disabilities in achieving their educational goals. With continued efforts, it should be possible for more than 1% of individuals with disabilities in China to achieve higher education and as a consequence, more productive employment, greater self-respect and independence, and more fulfilling lives.

EDUCATION AND SUPPORT FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM IN CHINA : INITIAL FINDINGS FROM AN INVESTIGATION IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

( Meng Deng ),( Xurong Xiong ) 대구대학교 한국특수교육문제연구소 2015 Asia-Pacific Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Vol.2 No.1

Autism has recently drawn increasing attention from Chinese society and there has been a surge of educational services for children with autism. However, there is a dearth of research on autism spectrum disorder and educational services provided for such children in China. This study has found that private institutions have been playing a leading role in catering for the needs of children with autism, and the current Chinese special and regular school system was found to be lacking the capability or willingness to respond to the needs of children with autism. Education opportunities for children with more severe disabilities such as autism have been largely inadequate and most of them have long been kept out of the Chinese public school system. China has thus far not developed a complete and responsive education or rehabilitation system for children with autism and there is a need to provide more holistic and complete public education service for these children

Instructions for students with special educational needs in Chinese mainstream classrooms: modifications and barriers

Meng Deng 서울대학교 교육연구소 2009 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.10 No.3

"Learning in Regular Classrooms" (LRC) has been the main strategy to universalize compulsory education for children with special educational needs in China after 1980s. Methods such as whole-class teaching combined with individual tutoring, differentiated teaching, and cooperative learning have been widely practiced in general classrooms for students with special educational needs. However, high instructional quality for students with special educational needs in mainstream classrooms is far from being realized, and this is due to the lack of expertise, support and resources, and effective assessment measures. The authors conclude that efforts are needed to change the education system from the current rigidity toward a more flexible system to better accommodate diverse needs in general classrooms.

Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis, Two New Records on Citrus sinensis in China

( Meng Jiao Cui ),( Xin Wei ),( Peng Liang Xia ),( Ji Ping Yi ),( Zhi He Yu ),( Jian Xin Deng ),( Qi Li Li ) 한국균학회 2021 Mycobiology Vol.49 No.3

Two Diaporthe species isolated from fruit of Citrus sinensis in China were characterized based on morphology and multilocus phylogeny of ITS, tef1, and tub2 gene sequences. The phylogeny indicated that the two species match Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis. A critical examination of phenotypic characteristics confirmed the phylogenetic results. Diaporthe taoicola was morphologically characterized by producing Alpha conidia with tapering toward both ends. Meanwhile, D. siamensis produced cylindrical or ellipsoidal Alpha conidia with two oil drops. Pathogenicity tests revealed that both species were pathogenic to fruit of C. sinensis. To our knowledge, the two species were firstly reported on Citrus sinensis in China.

Effect of MUC1 siRNA on Drug Resistance of Gastric Cancer Cells to Trastuzumab

Deng, Min,Jing, Da-Dao,Meng, Xiang-Jun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.1

Trastuzumab is the first molecular targeting drug to increase the overall survival rate in advanced gastric cancer. However, it has also been found that a high intrinsic or primary trastuzumab resistance exists in some proportion of gastric cancer patients. In order to explore the mechanism of resistance to trastuzumab, firstly we investigated the expression of MUC1 (membrane-type mucin 1) in gastric cancer cells and its relationship with drug-resistance. Then using gene-silencing, we transfected a siRNA of MUC1 into drug-resistant cells. The results showed the MKN45 gastric cell line to be resistant to trastuzumab, mRNA and protein expression of MUC1 being significantly upregulated. After transfection of MUC1 siRNA, protein expression of MUC1 in MKN45cells was significantly reduced. Compared with the junk transfection and blank control groups, the sensitivity to trastuzumab under MUC1 siRNA conditions was significantly increased. These results imply that HER2-positive gastric cancer cell MKN45 is resistant to trastuzumab and this resistance can be cancelled by silencing expression of the MUC1 gene.

Association between Plasma Osmolality and Case Fatality within 1 Year after Severe Acute Ischemic Stroke

Meng Liu,Yilun Deng,Yajun Cheng,Zilong Hao,Simiao Wu,Ming Liu 연세대학교의과대학 2021 Yonsei medical journal Vol.62 No.7

Purpose: Plasma osmolality, a marker of dehydration, is associated with cardiovascular mortality. We aimed to investigatewhether elevated plasma osmolality is associated with case fatality within 1 year after severe acute ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: We included severe ischemic stroke patients (defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥15score) within 24 hours from symptom onset admitted to the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital between January 2017and June 2019. Admission plasma osmolality was calculated using the equation 1.86*(sodium+potassium)+1.15*glucose+urea+14. Elevated plasma osmolality was defined as plasma osmolality >296 mOsm/kg, indicating a state of dehydration. Study outcomesincluded 3-month and 1-year case fatalities. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine independent associationsbetween plasma osmolality and case fatalities at different time points. Results: A total of 265 patients with severe acute ischemic stroke were included. The mean age was 71.2±13.1 years, with 51.3%being males. Among the included patients, case fatalities were recorded for 31.7% (84/265) at 3 months and 39.6% (105/265) at1 year. Elevated plasma osmolality (dehydration) was associated with 3-month case fatality [odds ratio (OR) 1.98, 95% confidenceinterval (CI) 1.07–3.66, p=0.029], but not 1-year case fatality (OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.84–2.72, p=0.165), after full adjustment for confoundingfactors. Conclusion: Elevated plasma osmolality was independently associated with 3-month case fatality, but not 1-year case fatality, forsevere acute ischemic stroke.

Comparison of the comb cell structure of Apis dorsata (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in two areas of China

Deng Shangkao,Huang Rong,Meng Qingxin,Yang Shunhua,Zhao Wenzheng,Tian Yakai,Dong Xia,Dong Kun,Gong Xueyang 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.2

The comb cell structure of Apis dorsata in different ecoregions is rarely reported. This study compared the dif ferences in the comb cell structure of Apis dorsata from Menghai of Yunnan Province and Chengmai of Hainan Province, China. Accordingly, parameters such as brood comb thickness, the width of ten consecutive brood cells, cell diameter, depth, inclination angle, and the side length of the cell mouth were measured. The results showed that within the same area, the widths of ten consecutive cells and single-cell diameter in the 0 ◦ direction were significantly bigger than that in the 60 ◦ and 120 ◦ directions, however, there was no significant difference for the same between the 60 ◦ and 120 ◦ directions. The average width of ten consecutive cells and the single-cell diameter showed significant differences between the two areas. These were significantly bigger in Menghai than in Chengmai. The average thickness of the brood comb, cell depth, and side length of the cell mouth were also significantly higher in Menghai than in Chengmai, however, the cell inclination angle showed no regional difference. These differences in the comb cell structure of Apis dorsata may be due to the difference in the ecological environment of the two areas. This study revealed the structural characteristics of the comb cells of Apis dorsata in different areas of China, increasing our biological knowledge of this bee species.

Stability, Molecular Sieving, and Ion Diffusion Selectivity of a Lamellar Membrane from Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide

Deng, Mengmeng,Kwac, Kijeong,Li, Meng,Jung, Yousung,Park, Hyung Gyu American Chemical Society 2017 Nano letters Vol.17 No.4

<P>Two-dimensional (2D) subnanometer channels allow unique mass transport promising for molecular sieving. New 2D channels of MoS2 nanosheets allow one to understand molecular transmission and separation, unlike the graphene oxide counterpart containing various defects and cationic metal contaminants. Membranes from layered MoS2 platelets show extraordinary stability in an aqueous environment and compatibility with polymer filters, both beneficial to efficient manufacturing. Sharing gas-tightness and unimpeded water vapor permeation with a graphene oxide membrane, our lamellar MoS2 membrane demonstrates a molecular sieving property for organic vapor for the first time. The MoS2 membrane also reveals diffusion selectivity of aqueous ions, attributable to the energy penalty in bulk-to-2D dimensional transition. These newly revealed properties of the lamellar membrane full of angstrom-sized 2D channels point to membrane technology applications for energy and environment.</P>

Optimization of the construction scheme of the cable-strut tensile structure based on error sensitivity analysis

Lian-meng Chen,Dong Hu,Hua Deng,Yu-hong Cui,Yi-yi Zhou 국제구조공학회 2016 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.21 No.5

Optimization of the construction scheme of the cable-strut tensile structure based on error sensitivity analysis is studied in this paper. First, the element length was extracted as a fundamental variable, and the relationship between element length change and element internal force was established. By setting all pre-stresses in active cables to zero, the equation between the pre-stress deviation in the passive cables and the element length error was obtained to analyze and evaluate the error effects under different construction schemes. Afterwards, based on the probability statistics theory, the mathematical model of element length error is set up. The statistical features of the pre-stress deviation were achieved. Finally, a cable-strut tensile structure model with a diameter of 5.0 m was fabricated. The element length errors are simulated by adjusting the element length, and each member in one symmetrical unit was elongated by 3 mm to explore the error sensitivity of each type of element. The numerical analysis of error sensitivity was also carried out by the FEA model in ANSYS software, where the element length change was simulated by implementing appropriate temperature changes. The theoretical analysis and experimental results both indicated that different elements had different error sensitivities. Likewise, different construction schemes had different construction precisions, and the optimal construction scheme should be chosen for the real construction projects to achieve lower error effects, lower cost and greater convenience.