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Risk-based remediation of polluted sites: A critical perspective
Kuppusamy, Saranya,Venkateswarlu, Kadiyala,Megharaj, Mallavarapu,Mayilswami, Srinithi,Lee, Yong Bok Elsevier 2017 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.186 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Sites contaminated with chemical pollutants represent a growing challenge, and remediation of such lands is of international concern. Risk-based land management (RBLM) is an emerging approach that integrates risk assessment practices with more traditional site-specific investigations and remediation activities. Developing countries are yet to adopt RBLM strategies for remediation. RBLM is considered to be practical, scientifically defensible and cost-efficient. However, it is inherently limited by: firstly, the accuracy of risk assessment models used; secondly, ramifications of the fact that they are more likely to leave contamination in place; and thirdly, uncertainties involved and having to consider the total concentrations of all contaminants in soils that overestimate the potential risks from exposure to the contaminants. Consideration of contaminant bioavailability as the underlying basis for risk assessment and setting remediation goals of those contaminated lands that pose a risk to environmental and human health may lead to the development of a more sophisticated risk-based approach. However, employing the bioavailability concept in RBLM has not been extensively studied and/or legalized. This review highlights the extent of global land contamination, and the concept of risk-based assessment and management of contaminated sites including its advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the concept of bioavailability-based RBLM strategy has been proposed, and the challenges of RBLM and the priority areas for future research are summarized. Thus, the present review may help achieve a better understanding and successful implementation of a sustainable bioavailability-based RBLM strategy.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Summarized the sources, risks and extent of global land contamination. </LI> <LI> Provided an overview of the risk-based land management (RBLM) approach. </LI> <LI> Proposed explicit incorporation of bioavailability concept in RBLM. </LI> <LI> Indicated the existing challenges in RBLM and need for new risk assessment tools. </LI> <LI> Focused on the priority areas for future research in RBLM. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Multifarious activities of cellulose degrading bacteria from Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) faeces
Singh, Surender,Thavamani, Palanisami,Megharaj, Mallavarapu,Naidu, Ravi Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.7
Cellulose degrading bacteria from koala faeces were isolated using caboxymethylcellulose-Congo red agar, screened in vitro for different hydrolytic enzyme activities and phylogenetically characterized using molecular tools. Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most prominent bacteria from koala faeces. The isolates demonstrated good xylanase, amylase, lipase, protease, tannase and lignin peroxidase activities apart from endoglucanase activity. Furthermore many isolates grew in the presence of phenanthrene, indicating their probable application for bioremediation. Potential isolates can be exploited further for industrial enzyme production or in bioremediation of contaminated sites.
( Surender Singh ),( Palanisami Thavamani ),( Mallavarapu Megharaj ),( Ravi Naidu ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.23
Cellulose degrading bacteria from koala faeces were isolated using caboxymethylcellulose-Congo red agar, screened in vitro for different hydrolytic enzyme activities and phylogenetically characterized using molecular tools. Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most prominent bacteria from koala faeces. The isolates demonstrated good xylanase, amylase, lipase, protease, tannase and lignin peroxidase activities apart from endoglucanase activity. Furthermore many isolates grew in the presence of phenanthrene, indicating their probable application for bioremediation. Potential isolates can be exploited further for industrial enzyme production or in bioremediation of contaminated sites.
Saranya Kuppusamy,Palanisami Thavamani,Mallavarapu Megharaj,Kadiyala Venkateswarlu,이용복,Ravi Naidu 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.37 No.-
The potential of dried twigs of Melaleuca diosmifolia as a novel biosorbent for removing three cationicdyes, methylene blue (MB), acridine orange (AO) and malachite green (MG), and an anionic dye,eriochrome black T (EB) was evaluated in a batch adsorption process. Notably, the biosorbent removed77–99% of both cationic and anionic dyes in a wide ranging pH of 2–10, and the reactions wereendothermic. The dye adsorption equilibria were rapidly attained within 3 h. The monolayer adsorptioncapacity of the sorbent added at 5 g L 1 was 119.05, 126.8, 116.28 and 94.34 mg g 1 for MB, AO, MG andEB, respectively. The water extract obtained from the plant material induced fast decolourization of bothcategories of dyes followed by gradual flocculation, indicating its potential as a natural coagulant. Gaschromatographic analysis also indicated that the main electrostatic attraction between 1,8-cineole, 1-pmethene-8-thiol and furfural compounds of the biomaterial, and dye molecules resulted in theformation of initial supramolecular complexes which further progressed into strong aggregates, leadingto precipitation of dye–biomaterial complexes. Subsequently, the overall complex mechanism of dyeremoval was confirmed to be a combined process of adsorption and coagulation. Consistent with thebatch studies, using selected plant material in real environmental water samples also resulted ineffective dye removal, highlighting its potential for use in wastewater treatment.
Ting Wang,Xiaoying Jin,Zuliang Chen,Mallavarapu Megharaj,Ravendra Naidu 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.5
This study concerns the removal of Pb(II) and Cr(III) using magnetite nanoparticles synthesized by coprecipitation methods with (NCM) or without (CM) nitrogen gas passing through. Removal of Pb(II) significantly decreased from 80.56 to 41.41% when Cr(III) was co-presented, while decrease of Cr(III) was negligible when Pb(II) was present, falling from 42.37 to 38.48%. The characterizations indicated that the removal mechanism occurred through adsorption rather than chemical redox reaction. A co-adsorption mechanism is based on Pb(II) involved surface complexation, while Cr(III) was firstly adsorbed onto magnetite, followed by a partially substitution of Cr(III) for Fe(III) in Cr-Fe3O4 through ion exchanges.
Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) contamination as a global agro-ecological issue: A critical view
Kuppusamy, Saranya,Kakarla, Dhatri,Venkateswarlu, Kadiyala,Megharaj, Mallavarapu,Yoon, Young-Eun,Lee, Yong Bok Elsevier 2018 Agriculture, ecosystems & environment Vol.257 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) are used worldwide in animal farming as drugs to treat or prevent diseases and serve as feed additives. VAs are usually poorly sorbed in the animal gut, and the majority are excreted unchanged or as their recalcitrant metabolites in feces and urine. More importantly, animal wastes are frequently employed in agriculture as a supplement to fertilizer, raising a major international concern about the potential impacts of VAs on agro-ecosystems. Increasing use of these manures in agriculture is thus posing a threat in the form of rapid increase in antibiotic resistance. The current review critically summarizes available literature on the global consumption, exposure pathways, occurrence, fate and environmental effects of VAs in manure-fertilized agricultural soils. Recognizing the importance of the issue of VA resistance in the environment, we focused on the increased abundance and transferability of VA resistance determinants, highlighting details as to how they contribute to the change in human microbiome. Notably, existing regulations and research gaps in association with the spread of VAs and their resistance due to manure application in agricultural fields are also outlined. Finally, we highlight the areas that future research should prioritize and propose certain strategies that could help curtail VAs occurrence and the danger they pose to agro-ecosystems.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in manure pose serious threats to agro-ecosystems. </LI> <LI> Fate and impact of VAs in manure-fertilized agricultural soils are not well understood. </LI> <LI> Regulations for reducing the use and spread of VAs in the environment are limited. </LI> <LI> Research on VAs occurrence and their adverse effects can lead to practical benefits. </LI> <LI> Systematic management strategies to limit spread of VAs have been proposed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>