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Morphological, Structural, and Functional Properties of Maranta (Maranta arundinacea L) Starch
Madhava Naidu Madineni,sheema faiza,ragu sai surekha,ramasamy ravi,manisha guha 한국식품과학회 2012 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.21 No.3
Starch isolated from maranta (Maranta arundinacea) tuber and studied for its various physicochemical characteristics. The amylose content of the starch was 24.8%. SEM showed that the granules were small indented and spherical. Maranta starch granule size has a range of 2.92-6.42 μm, (mean of 4.84 μm), length/degree of 1.20, and roundness of 0.73. Maranta starch has a gelatinization temperature of 74.8oC, peak viscosity of 498BU, and cold paste viscosity of 669 BU. It also possessed higher freeze-thaw stability. Dynamic rheological properties of maranta starch, measured using parallel plate geometry showed increased storage modulus (G') values, while loss modulus (G'') values were decreased with increasing frequency values (0-100 Hz). The low gelatinization temperature and high freeze thaw stability of starch indicates its potential for application as a thickener in food industries.
중금속 오염 토양 복원 및 바이오메스 생산량 증대를 위한 biosolid 활용
김권래(Kwon-Rae Kim),Ravi Naidu,김정규(Jeong-Gyu Kim) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.5
Cleaning up the landfill soil by phytoremediation in association with biomass production and utilization of biosolid as a soil amendment will be an attractive green technology. In order to examine this integrated green technology, in the current study of pot trial, heavy metal removal rate and biomass production were determined following cultivation of three different plant species in the landfill soil incorporated with biosolid at two different levels (25 ton ha<SUP>-1</SUP> and 50 ton ha<SUP>-1</SUP>). Among the three plant species including Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), giant sunflower (Helianthus giganteus. L), and giant cane (Arundo donax. L), sunflower appeared to produce the largest biomass yield (19.2 ton ha<SUP>-1</SUP>) and the produced amounts were magnificently increased with biosolid treatment compared to the control (no biosoild treatment). The increased production associated with biosolid treatment was common for other plant species and this was attributed to the biosolid originated nutrients as well as the improved soil physical properties due to the organic matter from biosolid. The elevated heavy metals in soil which was originated from the incorporated biosolid were Cu and Zn. Based on the phytoavailable amount of heavy metals from biosolid, the removed amount by plant shoots were 95% and 165% for Cu and Zn, respectively, when sunflower was grown. This indicated that mitigation of heavy metal accumulation in soils achieved by the removal of metal through sunflower cultivation enables the successive treatment of biosolid to soils. Moreover, sunflower showed heavy metal stabilization ability in the rhizosphere resulting in alleviation of metal release to ground water.
Cadmium solubility and bioavailability in soils amended with acidic and neutral biochar
Qi, Fangjie,Lamb, Dane,Naidu, Ravi,Bolan, Nanthi S.,Yan, Yubo,Ok, Yong Sik,Rahman, Mohammad Mahmudur,Choppala, Girish Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.610 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study was designed to investigate the effects of acidic and neutral biochars on solubility and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in soils with contrasting properties. Four Cd contaminated (50mg/kg) soils (EN: Entisol, AL: Andisol, VE: Vertisol, IN: Inceptisol) were amended with 5% acidic wood shaving biochar (WS, pH=3.25) and neutral chicken litter biochar (CL, pH=7.00). Following a 140-day incubation, the solubility and bioavailability/bioaccessibility of cadmium (Cd) were assessed. Results showed that both biochars had no effect on reducing soluble (pore water) and bioavailable (CaCl<SUB>2</SUB> extractable) Cd for higher sorption capacity soils (AL, IN) while CL biochar reduced those in lower sorption capacity soils (EN, VE) by around 50%. Bioaccessibility of Cd to the human gastric phase (physiologically based extraction test (PBET) extractable) was not altered by the acidic WS biochar but reduced by neutral CL biochar by 18.8%, 29.7%, 18.0% and 8.82% for soil AL, EN, IN and VE, respectively. Both biochars reduced soluble Cd under acidic conditions (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) extractable) significantly in all soils. Pore water pH was the governing factor of Cd solubility among soils. The reduction of Cd solubility and bioavailability/bioaccessibility by CL biochar may be due to surface complexation while the reduced mobility of Cd under acidic conditions (TCLP) by both biochars may result from the redistribution of Cd to less bioavailable soil solid fractions. Hence, if only leaching mitigation of Cd under acidic conditions is required, application of low pH biochars (e.g., WS biochar) may be valuable.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The acidic biochar did not reduce soil soluble/bioavailable/bioaccessible Cd. </LI> <LI> The neutral biochar reduced soluble/bioavailable Cd of low sorption capacity soils. </LI> <LI> The neutral biochar reduced bioaccessible Cd of the four studied soils. </LI> <LI> Both acidic and neutral biochars reduced Cd mobility under acidic conditions. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
( Surender Singh ),( Palanisami Thavamani ),( Mallavarapu Megharaj ),( Ravi Naidu ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.23
Cellulose degrading bacteria from koala faeces were isolated using caboxymethylcellulose-Congo red agar, screened in vitro for different hydrolytic enzyme activities and phylogenetically characterized using molecular tools. Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most prominent bacteria from koala faeces. The isolates demonstrated good xylanase, amylase, lipase, protease, tannase and lignin peroxidase activities apart from endoglucanase activity. Furthermore many isolates grew in the presence of phenanthrene, indicating their probable application for bioremediation. Potential isolates can be exploited further for industrial enzyme production or in bioremediation of contaminated sites.