Consumer Perception of Claims of Health Functional Foods via Consumer survey

Kwanyong Choi,So Min Jo,Kyeong Jin Kim,Man Yeong Jo,Ji Yeon Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2020 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2020 No.10

건강기능식품 표시 규제에 대한 소비자의 태도 유형 파악과 소비자 이해를 돕기 위한 기능성 내용 표시 방식 도출

최관용(Kwanyong Choi),조소민(So Min Jo),조선하(Seon Ha Jo),김지연(Ji Yeon Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.51 No.5

본 연구에서는 소비자들의 건강기능식품에 대한 태도와 제품 구매에 있어 중요하게 고려하는 요인, 기능성식품 정보에 대한 요구 내용을 분석하고, 소비자들이 건강기능식품 표시를 인지함에서 이해도와 신뢰도에 미치는 표시 방식을 파악하였다. 이미 수행된 사전 조사 및 정성조사에서는 건강기능식품 표시 사례를 제시하고, 소비자들이 이해하기 쉬운 표현이나 오인, 혼동 가능성이 있는 표현의 특징을 파악하였다. 이렇게 찾은 특징들에 대하여 보다 큰 규모에서 건강기능식품 소비자의 특성과 건강기능식품 표시 이해도를 확인하기 위해 정량조사 설문지를 작성하여 온라인 설문 조사를 수행하였다. 요인 분석을 통해 건강기능식품 표시에 대한 소비자 태도 유형과 건강기능식품 구입 시 긍정적인 태도를 보이게 하는 요인을 탐색하였다. 대한민국 건강기능식품 소비자의 두 가지 대표적 태도인 ‘일상소신형’, ‘적극탐색형’ 유형의 소비자들은 긍정적 요인 중 ‘섭취 시 얻는 보상’과 ‘건강기능식품의 신뢰도’ 요인은 강한 양의 상관 관계성을 보였다. 소비자들은 건강기능식품에 표시된 내용 이외에도 ‘어떠한 증상에 도움 되나’, ‘어떠한 질병 예방에 도움 되나’, ‘신체의 어떤 부위에 도움 되나’와 같은 내용에 높은 관심을 가졌다. 이러한 정보를 얻기 위해 인터넷 등을 통해 자발적으로 정보를 입수하지만 국가 공인 표시내용을 구별하지 못하고 있으며, 설령 국가에서 공인된 내용이 아님을 인지하고 있을지라도 탐색한 내용을 대체로 신뢰하였다. 오인 혼동을 야기할 수 있어 전문적 용어의 사용을 우려하는 정부 기관의 입장을 고려하여, 오인지 가능성을 줄이면서도 이해도와 신뢰도를 높일 수 있는 표시 방안을 도출하기 위해 ‘헬리코박터균 증식 억제’와 ‘혈중막 두께(IMT)’ 표시 사례를 비교한 결과, 동일하게 전문적인 용어를 사용하더라도 광고나 건강정보 관련 TV 프로그램 등에서 자주 접해볼 수 있었던 전문 용어는 이해도와 신뢰도를 모두 증가시켰다. 그 내용이 생소하거나 해당 분야의 전문가 외에는 사용하지 않는 용어를 포함시킬 경우 신뢰도에 강한 영향을 주지 못했고, 오히려 이해도를 감소시키는 결과를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과로부터 기능성 관련 정보를 과학적인 근거 내에서 자세하게 제공하는 것은 소비자가 필요로 하는 정보를 제품 내에서 획득함으로써 소비자의 알 권리를 충족시켜주고, 외부의 비공식적인 정보를 무분별하게 탐색하는 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 오·인지 가능성을 예방할 수 있으나, 이러한 효과는 소비자가 건강기능식품 표시에 대하여 기본적으로 가지고 있는 태도에 따라서 변화할 수 있다는 것을 고려해야 한다. 최종적으로 정부 기관에서 올바른 건강기능식품 표시내용을 규제하기 위해서는 소비자들의 문화적, 지식적 특성을 파악하는 연구가 추가로 진행되어야 하며, 이를 기반으로 상세하면서도 친숙한 표현을 허용하여 현 규정을 개선하려는 노력이 필요할 것이다. This study focused on finding more effective and compatible expressions for delivering information on health functional foods (HFFs) based on consumer patterns and understanding. Health claims which could influence the consumers’ decision to purchase HFFs are regulated by the government to protect consumers from misrepresentation. Focus group interviews were conducted to design the contents of an online quantitative survey. The survey investigated consumer characteristics; the factors influencing their positive attitude towards and understanding of the health claim labeling methods. HFF consumer characteristics, (Daily-life-consumption, Active-exploring-consumption, and Over-prudent-consumption) were defined in this study, and the factors (Trust, PostCOVID19, Benefit, Intake) which could influence a positive attitude to purchase HFFs were discovered by factor analysis. The most common characteristic of HFF consumers was “Daily-life-consumption”. “Benefit” was considered the most important factor in purchasing HFFs. “Daily-life-consumption” and “Benefit” showed the highest correlation among the categories. When comparing changes in consumer understanding and reliability while adding technical terms to the functional labeling such as “Decreasing Intima-Media Thickness” (PME88 melon) and “Suppressing Helicobacter pylori” (Spanish licorice), consumers showed a higher understanding of the term “Suppressing Helicobacter pylori”. However, they may have an inferior understanding of unfamiliar medical terminology like “Decreasing Intima-Media Thickness”. This study found that Korean HFF consumers, in general, are discerning enough to recognize health claims properly. The results suggest that efforts are needed to improve the regulations to encourage the use of detailed expressions in daily life, based on the consumers’ cultural background and common knowledge, rather than unfamiliar terms to consumer.

ITO-free carrier-selective contact for crystalline silicon solar cells

Choi, Deokjae,Yoon, Hyun,Kim, Ka-Hyun,Um, Han-Don,Seo, Kwanyong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for e Vol.7 No.5

<P>In this study, an indium tin oxide (ITO)-free carrier-selective contact (CSC) for crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells with a micro-grid metal electrode is reported. The ITO layer is crucial for collecting the carriers separated at the junction between CSC and n-Si because of the relatively low conductivity of CSC. However, previous research investigated the formation of ITO films <I>via</I> sputter deposition, which can lead to performance degradation of solar cells due to the parasitic absorption of the ITO layer and plasma damage at the CSC/Si junction during sputtering. Moreover, the use of ITO is hindered because of the rare indium metal. Herein, we investigate the carrier transport mechanism at the MoOx/n-Si junction to understand the reason for the poor performance of ITO-free devices. A majority of the carriers are limited because of a highly resistive carrier path, with a sheet resistance of 16 kΩ sq<SUP>−1</SUP> during carrier transport, leading to the severe degradation of fill factor (FF) and short-circuit current (<I>J</I>sc). To minimize the power loss during carrier transport, a micro-grid metal electrode that can effectively collect carriers separated at the MoOx/n-Si junction is applied. With this micro-grid electrode, the electrical losses of ITO-free solar cells can be minimized despite the highly resistive path of the MoOx/n-Si junction. Hence, the best device exhibits a power conversion efficiency of up to 17.0% without the ITO layer.</P>

A Finite Element Model for Bipolar Resistive Random Access Memory

Kwanyong Kim,Kwangseok Lee,Keun-Ho Lee,Young-Kwan Park,Woo Young Choi 대한전자공학회 2014 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.14 No.3

The forming, reset and set operation of bipolar resistive random access memory (RRAM) have been predicted by using a finite element (FE) model which includes interface effects. To the best of our knowledge, our bipolar RRAM model is applicable to realistic cell structure optimization because our model is based on the FE method (FEM) unlike precedent models.

Flexible, Low-Power Thin-Film Transistors Made of Vapor-Phase Synthesized High-<i>k</i>, Ultrathin Polymer Gate Dielectrics

Choi, Junhwan,Joo, Munkyu,Seong, Hyejeong,Pak, Kwanyong,Park, Hongkeun,Park, Chan Woo,Im, Sung Gap American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.24

<P>A series of high-k, ultrathin copolymer gate dielectrics were synthesized from 2-cyanoethyl acrylate (CEA) and di(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (DEGDVE) monomers by a free radical polymerization via a one-step, vapor-phase, initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) method. The chemical composition of the copolymers was systematically optimized by tuning the input ratio of the vaporized CEA and DEGDVE monomers to achieve a high dielectric constant (k) as well as excellent dielectric strength. Interestingly, DEGDVE was nonhomopolymerizable but it was able to form a copolymer with other kinds of monomers. Utilizing this interesting property of the DEGDVE cross-linker, the dielectric constant of the copolymer film could be maximized with minimum incorporation of the cross-linker moiety. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of a cyanide-containing polymer in the vapor phase, where a high-purity polymer film with a maximized dielectric constant was achieved. The dielectric film with the optimized composition showed a dielectric constant greater than 6 and extremely low leakage current densities (< 3 X 10(-8) A/cm(2) in the range of +/- 2 MV/cm), with a thickness of only 20 nm, which is an outstanding thickness for down-scalable cyanide polymer dielectrics. With this high-k dielectric layer, organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and oxide TFTs were fabricated, which showed hysteresis-free transfer characteristics with an operating voltage of less than 3 V. Furthermore, the flexible OTFTs retained their low gate leakage current and ideal TFT characteristics even under 2% applied tensile strain, which makes them some of the most flexible OTFTs reported to date. We believe that these ultrathin, high-k organic dielectric films with excellent mechanical flexibility will play a crucial role in future soft electronics.</P>

Itinerant Helimagnetic Single-Crystalline MnSi Nanowires

Seo, Kwanyong,Yoon, Hana,Ryu, Seong-Wan,Lee, Sunghun,Jo, Younghun,Jung, Myung-Hwa,Kim, Jinhee,Choi, Yang-Kyu,Kim, Bongsoo American Chemical Society 2010 ACS NANO Vol.4 No.5

<P>We report the synthesis of free-standing MnSi nanowires <I>via</I> a vapor transport method with no catalyst and measurements of their electrical and magnetic properties for the first time. The single-crystalline MnSi nanowire ensemble with a simple cubic (B20) crystal structure shows itinerant helimagnetic properties with a <I>T</I><SUB>c</SUB> of about 30 K. A single MnSi nanowire device was fabricated by a new method using photolithography and a nanomanipulator that produces good ohmic contacts. The single-nanowire device measurements provide large (20%) negative magnetoresistance and very low electrical resistivity of 544 μΩcm for the MnSi nanowire.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2010/ancac3.2010.4.issue-5/nn901653q/production/images/medium/nn-2009-01653q_0002.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn901653q'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Dual random circuit breaker network model with equivalent thermal circuit network

Kim, Kwanyong,Yoon, Seong Jun,Choi, Woo Young Japan Society of Applied Physics 2014 Applied physics express Vol.7 No.2

XPS를 이용한 TiN / Cu의 Grain boundary diffusion 연구

임관용(Kwanyong Lim),이연승(Youn-Seoung Lee),정용덕(Yong-Duck Chung),이경민(Kyungmin Lee),황정남(Chung-Nam Whang),최범식(Bum-Sik Choi),원정연(Jeungyun Won),강희재(Hee-Jae Kang) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1998 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.7 No.2

TiN을 Cu의 확산방지막으로 사용하기 위해 많은 연구가 되어왔는데, 이 연구에서는 특히 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)를 이용하여 TiN박막에서의 Cu의 확산현상을 연구하였다. TiN 박막은 일반적으로 columnar grain을 형성하면서 성장을 하는데, 녹는점의 1/3에 해당하는 비교적 낮은 온도에서는 grain들의 경계를 따라 Cu가 확산함을 확인하였다. Atomic force microscopy(AFM)를 이용하여 grain의 모양을 관찰하였고, 이 grain boundary를 통한 확산 현상을 연구하기 위하여, modified surface accumulation method를 이용하였다. 연구 결과, TiN박막에서의 Cu의 grain boundary diffusion의 활성화 에너지 Q_b는 0.23 eV, Diffusivity D_(bo)는 5.5×10^(-12) ㎠/sec의 값을 얻었다. TiN has been investigated as a good candidate for a diffusion barrier of Cu. Therefore, in this study, the grain boundary diffusion of Cu in TiN film was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In general, TiN has a columnar grain structure. In the relatively lower temperature, less than 1/3 of the melting point, it was observed that Cu diffused into TiN mainly along the grain boundaries of TiN. The grain size of TiN was measured by atomic force microscope (AFM). In order to estimate the grain boundary diffusion constants, we used the modified surface accumulation method. The activation energy, Q_b was 0.23 eV, and the diffusivity, D_(bo) was 5.5×10^(-12) ㎠/sec.

A Finite Element Model for Bipolar Resistive Random Access Memory

Kim, Kwanyong,Lee, Kwangseok,Lee, Keun-Ho,Park, Young-Kwan,Choi, Woo Young The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2014 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.14 No.3

The forming, reset and set operation of bipolar resistive random access memory (RRAM) have been predicted by using a finite element (FE) model which includes interface effects. To the best of our knowledge, our bipolar RRAM model is applicable to realistic cell structure optimization because our model is based on the FE method (FEM) unlike precedent models.

Immunoenhancing Effects of Euglena gracilis on a Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressive Mouse Model

( Hyeonji Yang ),( Kwanyong Choi ),( Kyeong Jin Kim ),( Soo-yeon Park ),( Jin-young Jeon ),( Byung-gon Kim ),( Ji Yeon Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.2

In this study, the effects of the immune stimulator Euglena gracilis (Euglena) in cyclophosphamide (CCP)-induced immunocompromised mice were assessed. The key component β-1,3-glucan (paramylon) constitutes 50% of E. gracilis. Mice were orally administered Euglena powder (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (B.W.)) or β-glucan powder (250 mg/kg B.W.) for 19 days. In a preliminary immunology experiment, ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg of CCP/kg B.W. during the final 3 consecutive days. In the main experiment, BALB/c mice were treated with CCP for the final 5 days. To evaluate the enhancing effects of Euglena on the immune system, mouse B.W., the spleen index, natural killer (NK) cell activity and mRNA expression in splenocytes lungs and livers were determined. To detect cytokine and receptor expression, splenocytes were treated with 5 μg/ml concanavalin A or 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide. The B.W. and spleen index were significantly increased and NK cell activity was slightly enhanced in all the experimental groups compared to the CCP group. In splenocytes, the gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, and IL-12 receptor were increased in the E. gracilis and β-glucan groups compared to the CCP group, but there was no significant difference. Treatment with 500mg of Euglena/ kg B.W. significantly upregulated dectin-1 mRNA expression in the lung and liver compared to the CCP group. These results suggest that Euglena may enhance the immune system by strengthening innate immunity through immunosuppression.