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Kondreddy Eswar Reddy,Woong Lee,Jin Young Jeong,Yoo Kyung Lee,이현정,Minseok Kim,김동운,Dongjo Yu,조아라,오영균,이성대 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.1
Objective: Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), common contaminants in the feed of farm animals, cause immune function impairment and organ inflammation. Consequently, the main objective of this study was to elucidate DON and ZEN effects on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune related genes in the kidneys of piglets. Methods: Fifteen 6-week-old piglets were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments for 4 weeks: control diet, and diets contaminated with either 8 mg DON/kg feed or 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed. Kidney samples were collected after treatment, and RNA-seq was used to investigate the effects on immune-related genes and gene networks. Results: A total of 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened (120 upregulated and 66 downregulated). Gene ontology analysis revealed that the immune response, and cellular and metabolic processes were significantly controlled by these DEGs. The inflammatory stimulation might be an effect of the following enriched Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis found related to immune and disease responses: cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), tuberculosis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and chemical carcinogenesis. The effects of DON and ZEN on genome-wide expression were assessed, and it was found that the DEGs associated with inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 receptor, beta, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9, CXCL10, chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 4), proliferation (insulin like growth factor binding protein 4, IgG heavy chain, receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C, cytochrome P450 1A1, ATP-binding cassette sub-family 8), and other immune response networks (lysozyme, complement component 4 binding protein alpha, oligoadenylate synthetase 2, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-9, α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, Ig lambda chain c region, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4, carboxylesterase 1), were suppressed by DON and ZEN. Conclusion: In summary, our results indicate that high concentrations of DON and ZEN suppress the inflammatory response in kidneys, leading to potential effects on immune homeostasis.
Kondreddy Eswar Reddy,Hyun Jung Jung,Dong Woon Kim,Kyo Ho Cho,Sung Back Cho,Sang Ho Kim,Jin Young Jeong,Sung Dae Lee 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2018 농업생명과학연구 Vol.52 No.1
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of freeze dried placentasupplementation on reproductive performance, colostrum and plasma biochemical composition inpregnant sows. Eleven Landrace × Large white sows were fed with corn-soybean meal dietssupplemented with or without 1% freeze dried placenta powder from 10 days before theirexpected farrowing dates until 10 days postpartum. The colostrum protein content wassignificantly higher(P=0.043) in the treatment group than in the control group. Compared to thecontrol group, the immunoglobulin G(IgG) concentration in the colostrum was significantlyhigher(P=0.004) in the treatment. In day 25 piglets plasma, the IgG concentration washigher(P=0.184) in the treatment than the control. The mortality rate was lower(P=0.102), andthe piglet weight gain was higher(P=0.35) in the treated group. Overall, the treatment groupshowed greater levels of protein and IgG concentration in the colostrum, when compared tocontrol group. Therefore, the freeze dried placenta supplementation on pregnant sows canenhance its colostrum composition, hence decrease the mortality and increase the growth rate ofpiglets.
Reddy, Kondreddy Eswar,Jeong, JinYoung,Lee, Sung Dae,Baek, Youl-Chang,Oh, YoungKyun,Kim, Minseok,So, Kyung Min,Kim, Dong Woon,Kim, Jae Hwan,Park, Sungkwon,Lee, Hyun-Jeong Elsevier 2017 LIVESTOCK SCIENCE Vol.195 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Early weaning (EW) of calves using a high energy diet to encourage a higher carcass yield through early postnatal metabolic imprinting events may be used as a feeding strategy to improve beef quality. To better understand the importance of nutritional feeding in EW calves, 2-week-old Korean calves were fed with different diets for 10 weeks. After this period, all calves were fed with the same diet for 22 months and then biopsied. We used the RNA-seq technique to investigate the genes and gene networks involved in these treatments. A total of 32,226 fragments were sequenced among the treatments. Overall, 102, 181, and 191 genes showing differential expression levels for T1 (milk replacement + concentrate), T2 (milk replacement + concentrate + roughages), and T3 (milk replacement + concentrate +30% starch) treatments were identified, respectively (FDR <0.05). In GO enrichment analysis, many biological pathways, including cellular processes, biological regulation, and metabolic processes, were found to be significantly enriched with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in groups T2 and T3. Many DEGs from T2 and T3 groups were highly enriched in various gene ontology terms related to developmental processes. KEGG pathway analysis found the following: T2 showed changes in the PPAR signaling pathway, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and WNT signaling pathway, whereas T3 showed changes in the tight junction, insulin signaling, mTOR signaling, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathways, with both groups showing changes in the adipocytokine signaling pathway. A group of 10 genes strongly associated with adipogenesis and muscle development showed greatly different expression in qRT-PCR, particularly in the T2 and T3 dietary groups. The results suggested that feeding concentrate and roughages (T2) as well as a high starch diet (T3) after EW enhanced the fat content in loin muscle. These results allowed us to identify the nutrition metabolic imprinting effects that cause energy utilization and fat accumulation in loin muscle and give valuable information about the importance of nutrition in the EW stage of calves.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Two-week-old Korean calves were fed with different diets (T1, T2, T3) for 10 weeks. </LI> <LI> After EW, all calves were fed with the same diet for 22 months and then biopsied. </LI> <LI> Biopsied samples done RNA-seq technique to investigate the genes and gene networks. </LI> <LI> 102, 181, and 191 genes showing differential expression levels for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. </LI> <LI> Adipogenesis associated KEGG pathways were found in the treatment groups. </LI> </UL> </P>
Reddy, Kondreddy Eswar,Kim, Minji,Kim, Ki Hyun,Ji, Sang Yun,Baek, Youlchang,Chun, Ju Lan,Jung, Hyun Jung,Choe, Changyong,Lee, Hyun Jeong,Kim, Minseok,Lee, Sung Dae Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.2
Objective: Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mycotoxins that frequently contaminate maize and grain cereals, imposing risks to the health of both humans and animals and leading to economic losses. The gut microbiome has been shown to help combat the effects of such toxins, with certain microorganisms reported to contribute significantly to the detoxification process. Methods: We examined the cecum contents of three different dietary groups of pigs (control, as well as diets contaminated with 8 mg DON/kg feed or 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed). Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons were acquired from the cecum contents and evaluated by next-generation sequencing. Results: A total of 2,539,288 sequences were generated with ~500 nucleotide read lengths. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, occupying more than 96% of all three groups. Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Megasphaera, and Campylobacter showed potential as biomarkers for each group. Particularly, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were more abundant in the DON and ZEN groups than in the control. Additionally, 52,414 operational taxonomic units were detected in the three groups; those of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Campylobacter, and Prevotella were most dominant and significantly varied between groups. Hence, contamination of feed by DON and ZEN affected the cecum microbiota, while Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were highly abundant and positively influenced the host physiology. Conclusion: Lactobacillus and Bacteroides play key roles in the process of detoxification and improving the immune response. We, therefore, believe that these results may be useful for determining whether disturbances in the intestinal microflora, such as the toxic effects of DON and ZEN, can be treated by modulating the intestinal bacterial flora.
Reddy, Kondreddy Eswar,Jeong, Jin young,Lee, Yookyung,Lee, Hyun-Jeong,Kim, Min Seok,Kim, Dong-Wook,Jung, Hyun Jung,Choe, Changyong,Oh, Young Kyoon,Lee, Sung Dae Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.4
Objective: The Fusarium mycotoxins of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zerolenone (ZEN) cause health hazards for both humans and farm animals. Therefore, the main intention of this study was to reveal DON and ZEN effects on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune related genes in the liver of piglets. Methods: In the present study, 15 six-week-old piglets were randomly assigned to the following three different dietary treatments for 4 weeks: control diet, diet containing 8 mg DON/kg feed, and diet containing 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed. After 4 weeks, liver samples were collected and sequenced using RNA-Seq to investigate the effects of the mycotoxins on genes and gene networks associated with the immune systems of the piglets. Results: Our analysis identified a total of 249 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which included 99 upregulated and 150 downregulated genes in both the DON and ZEN dietary treatment groups. After biological pathway analysis, the DEGs were determined to be significantly enriched in gene ontology terms associated with many biological pathways, including immune response and cellular and metabolic processes. Consistent with inflammatory stimulation due to the mycotoxin-contaminated diet, the following Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways, which were related to disease and immune responses, were found to be enriched in the DEGs: allograft rejection pathway, cell adhesion molecules, graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), type I diabetes mellitus, human T-cell leukemia lymphoma virus infection, and viral carcinogenesis. Genome-wide expression analysis revealed that DON and ZEN treatments downregulated the expression of the majority of the DEGs that were associated with inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 receptor, beta, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9), proliferation (insulin-like growth factor 1, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, lipase G, and salt inducible kinase 1), and other immune response networks (paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor beta, Src-like-adaptor-1 [SLA1], SLA3, SLA5, SLA7, claudin 4, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, thyrotropin-releasing hormone degrading enzyme, ubiquitin D, histone $H_2B$ type 1, and serum amyloid A). Conclusion: In summary, our results demonstrated that high concentrations DON and ZEN disrupt immune-related processes in the liver.
Reddy, Kondreddy Eswar,Noh, Jin Hyeong,Yoo, Mi-Sun,Kim, Young-Ha,Kim, Nam-Hee,Doan, Huong Thi Thanh,Ramya, Mummadireddy,Jung, Suk-Chan,Van Quyen, Dong,Kang, Seung-Won Elsevier 2013 Veterinary microbiology Vol.167 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Deformed wing virus (DWV) is one of the most common viral infection in honeybees. Phylogenetic trees were constructed for 16 partial nucleotide sequences of the structural polyprotein region and the RNA helicase region of South Korean DWVs. The sequences were compared with 10 previously reported DWV sequences from different countries and the sequences of two closely related viruses, Kakugo virus (KGV) and <I>Varroa destructor</I> virus-1 (VDV-1). The phylogeny based on these two regions, the Korean DWV genomes were highly conserved with 95–100% identity, while they also shared 93–97% similarity with genotypes from other countries, although they formed a separate cluster. To investigate this phenomenon in more detail, the complete DWV genome sequences of Korea-1 and Korea-2 were determined and aligned with six previously reported complete DWV genome sequences from different countries, as well as KGV and VDV-1, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The two Korean DWVs shared 96.4% similarity. Interestingly, the Korea-2 genome was more similar to the USA (96.5%) genome than the Korea-1. The Korean genotypes highly conserved with USA (96%) but low similarity with the United Kingdom3 (UK3) genome (89%). The end of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), the start of the open reading frame (ORF) region, and the 3′ UTR were variable and contained several substitutions/transitions. This phenomenon may be explained by intramolecular recombination between the Korean and other DWV genotypes.</P>