Development of High efficiency Food Waste Treatment System for Entering New and Renewable Energy Industry in Southeast Asia

Kwon,Ki-Tae,Lee,Woo-Sik,Kwon,Lee-Seung,Seong,Seung-Hwan,Kim,Young-Do,Kwon,Woo-Taeg 한국유통과학회 2019 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2019 No.-

It is possible not only to treat high concentration organic matter such as food wastes but also to utilize food wastes as resources according to the bio-energy generation such as methane. The method of co-digestion of mixed wastewater mixed with organic wastes such as sewage sludge concentrated waters together with drinking wastewater is the most ideal method. Radiation not only has germicidal power in water treatment, but also is effective in decomposing degradable organic matter. Second chemical contamination problem is also solved because it does not use chemicals. Introduction of radiation pretreatment system to solve problems caused by mixing of waste water and organic waste resources. Biological electrochemical fusion system is used to remove the nutrients contained in the organic matter-removed mixture. Through the development of a system for treatment of high concentration wastewater, the processing efficiency is verified through the universal water treatment system for wastewater containing high concentration organic matter in addition to treatment of wastewater.

디지탈방사선촬영술을 이용한 인접면 치아우식증 진단에 관한 실험적 연구

권기성,황의환,이상래 慶熙大學校 齒科大學 1994 慶熙齒大論文集 Vol.16 No.1

The purposes of this study were clinical comparison and evaluation between digital radiography and conventional radiography for the detection of artificial interproximal caries. Four freshly extracted, unrestored posterior teeth were obtained and canes was simulated by drilling semicircled defect with variable size at the interproximal surface of each tooth. The experiments were performed with IBM-PC/32 bit-DX compatible, video camera(VM-S8200, Hitachi Co., Japan), color monitor(Multisync 3D, NEC, Japan). Sylvia Image Capture Board for the ADC(analog to digital converter) was used, and spatial resolution was 512 x 480 with 256 gray levels. The obtained results were as follows: 1. At the condition of under exposure, the radiographs were superior to the digital images in readability. Also, as the size of the artificial lesion was increased, readability of the radiographs was elevated. 2. The digital images were superior to the radiographs in readability especially under over exsposure. 3. As the exposure time and size of lesion was increased, the gray level of region of interest of the digital image was decreased proportionally. 4. As the F-value of average gray level of region of interest at individual exposure time and size of lesion, gray level of the all lesion sizes was decreased in comparison with that of the normal enamel.

방사선 조사선량에 따른 백서 악하선의 caspase-3 발현양상

권기정,최용석,황의환,이상래,고광준 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2006 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.37 No.1

Purpose : To investigate the caspase-3 expression in the acinar and ductal cells of rat submandibular glands after the irradiation of various doses. Materials and Methods: The male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 250 gm were used for this study. The experimental group was irradiated with a single absorbed dose of 2, 5, 10, and 15 Gy on the head and neck region. The rats were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day after irradiation. The specimens including the submandibular gland were sectioned and observed using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. Results : The local destruction of the acinar and ductal cells and the karyopyknotic nuclei of the acinar cells were observed in the 2 Gy and 5 Gy irradiation groups later than in the 10 Gy and 15 Gy irradiation groups. And the expression of caspase-3 was prominent only in the ductal cells in the 2 Gy and 5 Gy irradiation groups. Conclusion : This experiment suggests that radiation-induced apoptosis in the ductal cells of rat submandibular glands was induced by a low dose radiation associated with the activation of caspase-3 and radiation-induced necrosis was induced by a high dose radiation. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2006; 36 : 7-15)

접착제 미 사용시 치면열구전색제로서의 유동성 복합레진 평가

권호범,김명진,신철환,김지연,박기태 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 유동성 복합레진을 치면열구전색제로 사용할 수 있는지 여부를 평가하는 것이다. 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진(Filtek Flow, Tetric Flow, Charmfil Flow)과 한 종류의 filled sealant(Ultraseal XT plus)가 사용되었다. 주사전자 현미경을 이용하여 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진 및 filled sealant의 resin tag 형성 양상을 비교하였다. 미세누출 평가를 위해 발거된 사람의 소구치 54개를 각각 18개씩 무작위로 세 군으로 배분하였다. 각 군마다 통상의 filled sealant 와 한 가지씩의 유동성 복합레진을 교합면 열구에 도포하였다. 치아들은 thermocycling(5˚ ± 2℃와 55˚ ± 2℃ 사이에서 30초씩 1200회 시행) 후 48시간 동안 1% methylene blue 용액에 보관하였다. 각각의 치아를 절단하여 미세누출 정도를 관찰하였다. 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진 및 filled sealant는 유사한 resin tag 형성양상을 보였다. 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진은 각각 filled sealant보다 현저히 더 많은 미세누출을 보였다. 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진 간의 미세누출 정도는 유사하였다. 유동성 복합레진은 통상의 filled sealant와 비교해볼 때 보다 많은 미세누출을 야기할 수 있으므로 치면열구전색제로 적절하지 않다. The aims of this study were to determine if flowable composites can be used as pit and fissure sealants without bonding agents. Three flowable composites(Filtek Flow, Tetric Flow, Charmfil Flow) and a filled sealant (Ultraseal XT plus) were used. The pattern of resin tag formation in the four sealant meterials were compared using SEM. For the microleakage assessment, 54 extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups containing 18 premolars each. In each group, a conventional filled sealant and one of the three flowable composites were applied to occlusal fissures. The teeth were thermocycled(1200 cycles between 5˚± 2℃ and 55˚± 2℃ with a dwell time of 30 seconds) and immersed in a 1% methylene blue solution for 48 hours. Each tooth was sectioned and examined to determine the extent of dye penetration. Three flowable composites and a filled sealant showed a similar resin tag formation pattern. The three flowable composites showed significantly more microleakage in each group than the filled sealant. The level of microleakage was similar in the three flowable composites. Flowable composites are not recommended as pit and fissure sealants because more microleakage can occur even when occlural fissures are mechanically widened.

정보통신 부문 사업영역의 재편과 정보 통신기업 CHQ 역할간의 관련성

권기환 정보통신정책학회 2005 정보통신정책연구 Vol.12 No.1

디지털 컨버전스, 유비쿼터스 확산, 그리고 정보통신 가치시스템 재구성을 근간으로 하는 새로운 유형의 정보통신 서비스 등장과 그에 따른 정보통신 부문의 사업영역 재편 움직임은 성숙기 후반 혹은 쇠퇴기에 속한 복수의 사업 부문을 보유 하고 있는 기존의 정보통신기업에게 개별 사업 차원을 넘어서는 기업 차원의 문제를 제기한다. 본 논문에서는 침체형 사업, 즉 성숙기 후반 혹은 쇠퇴기에 속한 기존 ICT 사업을 다수 보유하고 있는 다사업 정보통신기업(multi- business ICT incumbent)의 기업본부(corporate head quarter; CHQ)가 어떠한 형태의 전략적 역할을 수행하는 것이 타당한지에 관하여 살펴보았다. 구체적으로, 본 논문에서는 전사적인 사업 포트폴리오 가운데 침체형 사업을 수행하고 있는 담당 조직이나 침체형 사업 부문을 책임지고 있는 부문 경영자에게서 관찰될 수 있는 심리적, 행위적 특성으로부터 기업 차원의 전략 수행에 대한 도전이 무엇인지를 정리하고 이러한 도전 과제를 해결하기 위하여 유선 중심의 기존 다사업 정보통신기업 CHQ가 활용할 수 있는 8 가지 육성우위 창출 메커니즘이 무엇인지 제시하였다. Emergence of new information and communication technology (ICT) services derived from digital convergence, diffusion of ubiquitous, and recombination of ICT value systems has given rise to the revamps of business domains in ICT industry. Now a days those revamps induce the corporate-level strategic issues, which are beyond the business-level, to multi-business ICT incumbents retaining a lot of businesses placed in the late maturing or declining life cycle situation. The research question, 'what activities and/or roles ought to be played by the corporate headquarter (CHQ) of multi-business ICT incumbents possessing considerable wire-based stagnant businesses?', was unraveled in this paper. Most of all, challenges caused by psychological or behavioral characteristics of divisions and division managers that undertook those stagnant businesses were identified from the corporate-level strategic point of view, and then 8 parenting mechanisms, 4 direct-influence mechanisms and 4 coordinating-influence mechanisms, which could be executed for taking up those challenges by the CHQ of multi-business ICT incumbents holding goodly wire-based stagnant ICT businesses were proposed.

프리캐스트 포스트텐션 콘크리트 넓은 보-기둥 내부 접합부의 비탄성 거동

황재환,최윤철,김영찬,김대중,임재형,권기혁,문정호,이리형 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2(구조계)

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the response of Precast Prestressed Concrete Interior Wide Beam-Column Joint subjected to cyclic lateral loading. To this end, the experimental investigation was performed with six half-scale specimens of interior connection. The design parameters are the beam to column depth ratio, and the number of tendons within column core. One of the specimens, IJH-6, is modeled for the connection at the top floor of a structure. The test results showed that the specimens sufficiently resist up to limiting drift ratio of 0.035 in accordance with the provisional standard by ACI of acceptance criteria for concrete special moment frames.

시간-주파수 해석법에 의한 CFRP의 파괴 거동

남기우,안석환,이상기,김현수,문창권 한국비파괴검사학회 2001 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.21 No.1

신호처리법으로 현재 많이 사용되고 있는 푸리에 변환은 신호의 주파수 성분이 사간에 따라 어떻게 변화하는지를 표현하지 못한다. 따라서 최근 이와 같은 푸리에 변환의 단점을 보완하여, 신호의 시간과 주파수에 대한 정보를 동시에 표현할 수 있는 시간-주파수 해석법들이 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 음향방출을 이용하여 복합재료의 주요 발생원으로 알려져 있는 기지균열, 섬유분리, 섬유파괴 및 층간분리 등과 같은 파괴기구를 해석하였다. 각각의 파괴특성이 나타나도록 시험편을 제작하여 인장시험 시 검출된 음향방출신호의 시간-주파수 해석을 통해 전체 파괴기구의 특징을 분석하였다. Fourier transform has been one of the most common tools to study the frequency characteristics of signals. With the Fourier transform alone, however, it is difficult to tell whether signal's frequency contents evolve in time or not. Except for a few special cases, the frequency contents of most signals encountered in the real world change with time. Time-frequency analysis methods are developed recently to overcome the drawbacks of Fourier transform, which can represent the information of signals in time and frequency at the same time. In this study, damage process of cross-ply carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) under monotonic tensile loading was characterized by acoustic emission. Different kinds of CFRP specimens were used to determine the characteristics of AE signals. Time-frequency analysis methods were employed for the analysis of fracture mechanisms in CFRP such as matrix cracking, debonding, fiber fracture and delamination.

실리콘 겔에 활성화된 복강 대식세포의 interleukin-6 및 tumor necrosis factor-α에 의한 섬유모세포 중식 자극

김환묵,한상배,이백권,이종원,한기택,천지훈 大韓成形外科學會 1998 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.25 No.5

Silicone gel breast implants may induce local(fibrous capsular contracture) or systemic(rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, etc) complications. The exact mechanism of fibrous capsular contracture has not been fully understood. In the present study, we tried to find out the effect of silicone gel on the fibroblast proliferation which has been known as a major contributing factor in fibrous capsular contracture formation. In vitro, activated macrophages are known to secrete monokines which affect fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. And tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6), which were released by macrophages, were reported as potent stimulator of fibroblast proliferation. The goal of this study is to investigate the role of macrophages and tumour necrosis factor-αor interleukin-6 in the interaction of fibroblasts and silicone gel. We designed four groups, two experimental and two control, using Institute for Cancer Research(ICR) mouse peritioneal macrophage and silicone gel. For the preparation of the conditioned medium of macrophages, peritoneal macrophages were prepared and cultured for 24 hours on the silicone gel-coated and naked (not coated) surface [silicone gel-macrophage conditioned medium(SCM; experimental group) and normal polystyrene-macrophage conditioned medium(NCM; control group) respectively]. To correct the effect of 10% fetal bovine serum which was included in Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium and draw the effect only by macrophages, the RPMI 1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum was cultured by the same method on the silicone gel-coated and naked surface (silicone gel-macrophage free conditioned medium; SFM and normal polystyrene-macrophage free conditioned medium; NFM respectively). Each conditioned medium was added onto NIH 3T3 fibroblasts culture at a final 25% concentration of total culture medium and followed by the cultivation for 24 hours. For antibody neutralizing experiments, each conditioned medium was preincubated with polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse TNF-α antibody or polyclonal rat anti-mouse IL-6 antibody for 1 hour and then, conditioned medium with antibody was added to the culture medium of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts by the same method. After 24 hours cultivation, total number of viable fibroblast(cell growth), DNA synthesis and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts with each medium were measured by sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay, 3H-thymidine and 3H-proline incorporation respectively. The results were as follows: 1. In the experiment about the effect of the conditioned medium on the fibroblast activity, the experimental group(SCM), compared with the control group(NCM), showed a significant increase of the cell growth (p<0.01), a significant decrease of DNA synthesis(p<0.001), but no significant difference in the collagen synthesis. 2. In the experiment about the effect of polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse TNF-α antibody on the fibroblast activity, after the addition of antibody the experimental group, compared with the control group, showed a significant decrease of the cell growth(p<0.001), a significant increase of DNA synthesis(p<0.01), but no significant difference in the collagen syn thesis. 3. In the experiment about the effect of polyclonal rat anti-mouse IL-6 antibody on the fibroblast activity, after the addition of antibody the experimental group, compared with the control group, showed a significant decrease of the cell growth(p<0.001), a significant increase of DNA synthesis(p<0.0001), but no significant difference in the collagen synthesis. In conclusion, culture supernatants (conditioned medium) of peritoneal macrophages, activated by silicone gel, stimulate the NIH 3T3 fibroblast proliferation. TNF-α and IL-6, products of macrophage, are involved in the stimulation of NIH 3T3 fibroblast proliferation in an in vitro condition.

대사성 산증을 동반한 알코올성 간질환 환자의 단기 예후

배기선,유권,조유경,심기남,정성애,문일환 대한간학회 2004 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.10 No.2

목적: 알코올성 간질환에서의 대사성 산증은 지속적인 과량의 알코올 섭취로 인한 당 신생 합성의 억제와 BOHB/AcAc 비율의 증가, 단기간의 금식으로 인한 저혈당, 인슐린 분비 저하, 유리 지방산과 케톤체 형성의 증가, 구토와 수분 섭취 부족에 의한 심한 탈수에 의해 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 알코올성 케톤산증과 감별할 질환으로는 당뇨병성 케톤산증, 젖산증, 살리실레이트, 메탄올, 에틸렌글리콜 중독 등이 있다. 본 연구는 대사성 산증을 동반한 알코올성 간질환으로 내원하여 입원한 환자들을 대상으로 생존군과 사망군에서 임상적 양상 및 검사 소견들의 차이를 비교하여 단기 예후와 연관 있는 인자들을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 만성 알코올 남용자이면서 대사성 산증을 동반하여 입원한 알코올성 간질환 환자 29명을 생존군(18명)과 사망군(11명)으로 나누어 임상 소견과 검사실 소견을 비교하였다. 결과: 1) 대상 환자군은 연령은 36-65세였으며, 성별은 남자가 26명이었고 여자가 3명이었다. 2) 임상 증상은 의식저하, 복통, 구토, 호흡 곤란, 토혈, 흉통 등 다양하게 나타났으며, 신체검사 소견은 탈수, 황달, 빈혈, 간비대, 복수, 부종 등이었고 두 집단을 비교했을 때 사망군에서 복수가 유의하게 더 많은 빈도로 관찰되었다. 일일 평균 음주량은 사망군에서 유의하게 더 많았고(198 vs. 123, P=0.034) 음주 기간과 총 음주량은 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4) 내원시 혈액검사 소견을 비교하였을 때 사망군에서 동맥혈 산염기 차이가 유의하게 낮았고 헤모글로빈, 혈소판도 유의하게 낮았다. 사망군에서 총 비리루빈, 크레아티닌, 무기인, 암모니아가 유의하게 높았고 알부민, 클로라이드가 유의하게 낮았다. 사망군에서 프로트롬빈 시간이 유의하게 연장되었으며 섬유소원은 유의하게 낮았고 D dimer는 유의하게 높았다. 결론: 대사성 산증을 동반한 알코올성 간질환 환자에서 일일 알코올 섭취량을 파악하고 복수의 유무, 동맥혈 산염기 차이, 헤모글로빈, 혈소판, 총 빌리루빈, 알부민, 크레아티닌, 무기인, 클로라이드, 암모니아, 프로트롬빈 시간, 섬유소원, D dimer 등을 검사하는 것이 단기 예후를 예측하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. 향후 많은 환자들을 대상으로 하여 예후 관련 인자들에 대한 전향적이고 체계적인 연구가 요망된다. Background/Aims: Alcoholic liver disease with metabolic acidosis may have possible causes such as alcoholic ketoacidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis. Salicylate, methanol, and ethylene glycol intoxication should also be considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term prognostic factors in patients with alcoholic liver disease with metabolic acidosis. Methods: Clinical data related to twenty-nine patients with alcoholic liver disease and metabolic acidosis was analysed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to the outcome (survival or death). Past medical history, and physical, laboratory and radiologic data at admission were compared. Results: The amount of daily alcohol intake differed significantly between the two groups (P=0.034), but duration and total amount of alcohol intake did not differ significantly between the two groups (P=0.128; P=0.360). The presence of ascites differed significantly between two the groups (P=0.019). On laboratory testing, the following differed significantly: base excess (P=0.038), hemoglobin (P=0.019), platelet (P=0.040), total bilirubin (P=0.007), albumin (P=0.012), creatinine (P=0.014), phosphorus (P=0.021), chloride (P=0.010), ammonia (P=0.003), prothrombin time (P=0.033), fibrinogen (P=0.011) and D-dimer (P=0.024). Review of the medical history of the patients showed diabetes (10/29), cirrhosis (10/29), and hepatocellular carcinoma (1/29). Combined conditions at admission were sepsis (8/29), pneumonia (7/29), acute renal failure (6/29), rhabdomyolysis (5/29), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (4/29), acute pancreatitis (3/29), acute respiratory distress syndrome (2/29), and acute myocardial infarction (1/29). Conclusions: The amount of daily alcohol intake, base excess, hemoglobin, platelet, total bilirubin, albumin, creatinine, phosphorus, chloride, ammonia, prothrombin time, fibrinogen and D-dimer seemed to be useful parameters in predicting short-term prognosis of patients with alcoholic liver disease with metabolic acidosis. Further study is needed to define the significance of these factors. (Korean J Hepatol 2004;10:117-124)

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정경권,정성부,엄기환 동국대학교 산업기술환경대학원 1998 산업기술논총 Vol.4 No.-

In this paper, we propose a nonlinear system identification method using genetic algorithm. We represent the nonlinear system as a parameter vector and a measurement vector. In order to identify the nonlinear system, we find the parameter vector using genetic algorithm. The parameter vector is regarded as a chromosome of gene. The error between the desired output and estimated output every sampling period is used to calculate the fitness of one gene. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of using the genetic algorithm in the nonlinear system identification.