Causative Drugs of Drug-Induced Cough: Analysis of Real-world Data from the Korea Adverse Events Reporting System (KAERS)

( Joonkyung Kim ),( Jee Yea Choi ),( Min Ju Jo ),( Sung Jun Chung ),( Yoomi Yeo ),( Hyun Lee ),( Tai Sun Park ),( Dong Won Park ),( Ji-yong Moon ),( Sang-heon Kim ),( Tae-hyung Kim ),( Jang Won Sohn ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-

Background Cough is frequently caused by drugs. However, little is known about the epidemiology and causative drugs leading to cough. We analyzed causative drugs and clinical features of drug-induced cough based on 10-year real-world data. Methods We used the database of the Korea Adverse Events Reporting System (KAERS) from January 2009 to December 2018. Cases of drug-induced cough were identified by selecting cases with a cough code of WHO-Adverse Response Terminology without any other adverse events. Causative drugs were compared between acute (<3 weeks) and delayed onset (≥3 weeks). Results In the study period of 10 years, there were 3,021 cases of drug-induced cough. Cough was most frequently caused by cardiovascular drugs (43.8%), followed by respiratory system drugs (14.9 %), including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, antineoplastic and immune-modulating drugs (14.4 %), and anti-infective drug (8.3 %). In acute onset cough, perindopril, docetaxel, ramipril, paclitaxel, and acetylcysteine were found to be frequent causes, while delayed onset cough was commonly caused by perindopril, ramipril, indacaterol, captopril, and imidapril. Conclusion In this analysis of real-world data from a nationwide spontaneous reporting system, various drugs were found to cause cough, while cardiovascular drugs including ACE inhibitors were the most common cause. [This study was funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as ‘‘the Environmental Health Action Program (2016001360003)" and a research grant from the Korea Institute of Drug Safety & Risk Management].

Metastatic Endometrial Cancer Manifesting as a Large Posterior Mediastinal Tumor Compressing Large Airways

( Jee Yea Choi ),( Joonkyung Kim ),( Min Ju Jo ),( Sung Jun Chung ),( Yoomi Yeo ),( Tai Sun Park ),( Dong Won Park ),( Ji-yong Moon ),( Sang-heon Kim ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Jang Won Sohn ),( Ho Joo Yoo 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-

Most posterior mediastinal malignancies in adults are of neurogenic origin. Accordingly, metastatic posterior mediastinal tumors are very rare. We report a case where a metastatic endometrial cancer developed in the posterior mediastinum and compress the lower trachea and both main bronchi. A 71-year-old woman who had received concurrent chemoradiation for stage IV endometrial cancer 13 years ago was admitted for progressive dyspnea. A 10 cm-sized posterior mediastinal tumor compressing the lower trachea and both main bronchi was found on the chest computed tomography. Positron tomography showed no metastasis to organs other than the posterior mediastinum. For pathologic confirmation, we performed bronchoscopy and EBUS-TBNA. After the procedure, the patient developed respiratory failure and received mechanical ventilation. The patient was diagnosed with metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma based on pathologic findings (positive for p16 and TTF-1). She received concurrent chemoradiotherapy to treat metastatic endometrial cancer compressing the airways while receiving mechanical ventilator treatment. Thereafter, the patient can be successfully weaned from the ventilator. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in which previous endometrial cancer recurred as a posterior mediastinal tumor without the involvement of other abdominal organs or lungs. Although it is very rare, clinicians should be aware that metastatic cancer can manifest as a single posterior mediastinal tumor and can cause respiratory failure by compressing large airways.

Effects of Early Operation in Patients Who Diagnosed Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion

( Sung Jun Chung ),( Hyo Jun Jang ),( Jee Yea Choi ),( Joonkyung Kim ),( Jun Ho Lee ),( Hyun Lee ),( Dong Won Park ),( Sang-heon Kim ),( Jang Won Sohn ),( Hyuck Kim ),( Ho Joo Yoon ),( Won Sang Chung 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-

Purpose Thoracic empyema is defined as active suppuration within the pleural space and its treatment is controversial. Recently treatment of empyema is changing observation of empyema formation to early invasive treatment with the operation. This study compared the outcomes of early surgery and delayed surgery Method We retrospectively reviewed 40 patients who underwent surgery for complicated parapneumonic effusion from January of 2013 to May of 2020. The early group was defined as operation with empyema diagnosed within 1 week. Results Among 40 patients, 22 patients received early surgery, and 18 patients received delayed surgery. Stage III empyema was prevalent in the delayed group (27.3% vs 76.9%, p=0.004). Operative time was longer in the delayed group (87.5 vs 132.5 min, p=0.004). Intraoperative blood loss was more in the delayed group (200ml vs 750ml, p=0.009). The hospital stay was longer in the delayed group (18.5 days vs 30.0 days, p<0.001). The complication rate was not different between groups (31.8% vs 33.3%, p=0.919). The mortality rate was no significance between the two groups (4.5% vs 5.6%, p=0.884). Conclusion Delayed surgical treatment make operation difficult. Although inactive infected phase, early surgical treatment did not increase postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Molecular Dynamics Study on the Self-Assembled Monolayer Grown from a Droplet of Alkanethiol

Kim, Hyojeong,Saha, Joyanta K.,Zhang, Zhengqing,Jang, Jihye,Matin, Mohammad A.,Jang, Joonkyung American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.20

<P>Direct-write lithography, where a nanoscale tip or a stamp serves as a molecular source, is used widely to fabricate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), nanometers in size. The spatially narrow deposition of molecules creates a droplet, which then spreads to form an ordered SAM. Currently, the dynamics and mechanism for this spreading are largely unknown. Herein, the evolution of a droplet of 1-octadecanethiol into a circular island of SAM, where the sulfur atoms and alkyl chains are densely and orderly packed, was examined by using molecular dynamics simulations. The packing of sulfur atoms preceded the alignment and packing of alkyl chains. The SAM islands resembled the bulk SAM, but it contained defects where the molecules were standing upside down on the surface. We found two mechanisms pertaining to the growth of a SAM island in the direct-write lithography. In the first mechanism, the molecules penetrated into the SAM islands by pushing away the molecules below. In the other mechanism, the molecules diffused, reached the periphery of the SAM islands, and slid down to the surface. The chemisorption of sulfur atoms made the present droplet spread more slowly than a droplet interacting nonspecifically with a surface. A droplet laterally moving across the surface was also simulated to gain insight into the growth of a SAM line. The alkyl chains of the SAM line were directed preferentially toward the line direction.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-20/jp502707d/production/images/medium/jp-2014-02707d_0011.gif'></P>

Monte Carlo Study on the Wetting Behavior of a Surface Texturized with Domed Pillars

Kim, Hyojeong,Lee, Su In,Matin, Mohammad A.,Zhang, Zhengqing,Jang, Jihye,Ha, Man Yeong,Jang, Joonkyung American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.45

<P>A lattice gas Monte Carlo simulation was performed to examine the wetting properties of a surface texturized with nanometer-sized, dome-shaped pillars. The vapor and liquid phases of the gap between the pillars were related to the Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter states of a macroscopic water droplet resting on top of the pillars. We studied the effects of the pillar size by systematically varying its height from 6 to 53 nm for a fixed ratio of the height to its width. With increasing interpillar spacing or pressure, the liquid on top of the domed pillars penetrated smoothly down into the gap between the pillars. This wetting transition contrasts with that observed for the gap between rectangular or cylindrical pillars, where a liquid abruptly fills in the interpillar gap at a critical interpillar spacing or pressure. The gap between the domed pillars was more susceptible to the intrusion of the bulk liquid on top of the pillars, due to the open geometry of the gap between the domed pillars. Also, the liquid penetrating into the gap between the domed pillars was locally more fluctuating in density and compressible than that penetrating into the gap between square or cylindrical pillars. This enhanced density fluctuation however was local and did not propagate into the bulk liquid sitting on top of the pillars. Simple analytic expressions of the critical spacing and pressure at which the wetting transition occurs for the domed pillars were derived using continuum theory. These continuum results agreed reasonably well with the present molecular simulations, even for pillars as small as a few nanometers in width.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-45/jp5076077/production/images/medium/jp-2014-076077_0013.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp5076077'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Monte Carlo Study on the Water Meniscus Condensation and Capillary Force in Atomic Force Microscopy

Kim, Hyojeong,Smit, Berend,Jang, Joonkyung American Chemical Society 2012 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.116 No.41

<P>The water meniscus condensed between a nanoscale tip and an atomically flat gold surface was examined under humid conditions using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. The molecular structure of the meniscus was investigated with particular focus on its width and stability. The capillary force due to the meniscus showed a dampened oscillation with increasing separation between the tip and surface because of the formation and destruction of water layers. The layering of water between the tip and the surface was different from that of the water confined between two plates. The humidity dependence of the capillary force exhibited a crossover behavior with increasing humidity, which is in agreement with the typical atomic force microscopy experiment on a hydrophilic surface.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2012/jpccck.2012.116.issue-41/jp307811q/production/images/medium/jp-2012-07811q_0008.gif'></P>

Wetting Transition of a Cylindrical Cavity Engraved on a Hydrophobic Surface

Kim, Hyojeong,Ha, Man Yeong,Jang, Joonkyung American Chemical Society 2018 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol. No.

<P>This study theoretically examines the wetting of a cylindrical cavity engraved on a hydrophobic surface, in the context of the Cassie–Baxter-to-Wenzel transition of a water drop resting on such a surface. The stable, metastable, and transition states and their free energies are identified by constructing the free-energy profile of the wetting process. Wetting starts with a liquid–vapor interface pinned at the top edge of the cavity and proceeds with a symmetrically depinned interface. The liquid–vapor interface later becomes annular upon its touching of the bottom of the cavity and finally asymmetric before the cavity is fully wetted by the liquid. This study examines the effects of the cavity geometry and the pressure of the liquid on the wetting and dewetting transitions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2018/jpccck.2018.122.issue-4/acs.jpcc.7b09757/production/images/medium/jp-2017-09757h_0003.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp7b09757'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Drying Transition of Water Confined between Hydrophobic Pillars

Kim, Hyojeong,Saha, Joyanta K.,Jang, Joonkyung American Chemical Society 2012 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.116 No.36

<P>The phase behavior of the water confined between hydrophobic pillars was studied by using a simple thermodynamic theory and the lattice gas Monte Carlo simulation. The drying transition of water with decreasing spacing between pillars is related to the Wenzel (WZ) to Cassie–Baxter (CB) transition of droplet. Our theory agrees with simulation for pillars with heights ranging from 11 to 100 nm. The present theory further predicts that sufficiently large circular pillars cannot sustain a CB state even if the pillars are in contact with each other.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2012/jpccck.2012.116.issue-36/jp302102k/production/images/medium/jp-2012-02102k_0009.gif'></P>

Fabrication of Au–Ag Alloy Nanoprisms with Enhanced Catalytic Activity

Kim, Minjung,Lee, Kang Yeol,Jeong, Gyoung Hwa,Jang, Joonkyung,Han, Sang Woo Chemical Society of Japan 2007 Chemistry letters Vol.36 No.11

<P>Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles with prismatic structure have been prepared in aqueous solution by photoinduced conversion of spherical Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles. All the particles have compositions close to those expected from the starting ratio of metal compounds. These nanoprisms showed pronounced catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by NaBH<SUB>4</SUB>.</P>

Random Walk Simulation for the Growth of Monolayer in Dip Pen Nanolithography

Kim, Hyojeong,Ha, Soojung,Jang, Joonkyung Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.1

Using a simple random walk model, this study simulated the growth of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) pattern generated by dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). In this model, the SAM pattern grew mainly via the serial pushing of molecules deposited from the tip. This study examined various SAM patterns, such as lines, crosses and letters, by changing the tip scan speed.