Female Victims of the Terror in Williams’s Fifth Volume of Letters

( Kim¸ Jihee ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2021 영어권문화연구 Vol.14 No.2

This paper discusses the ways in which Helen Maria Williams represents female victims to criticise the Reign of Terror in her fifth volume of Letters. In accordance with the decree by the French National Convention, she was imprisoned for two months between October and November 1793 and was released in late November. To avoid another arrest for her connection with the Girondins, she departed to Switzerland in June 1794. In this volume, she narrates what she has been through during the Terror, representing herself as a victim of the Terror. Her accounts of arrest and exile vividly present her feelings when she was taken from her domestic space and forced apart from her family. As a survivor of the Terror, she also tells stories of other victims: Charlotte Corday and Madame Roland, who were guillotined. These women were accused of lacking femininity and abandoning their domestic roles. To rebut the accusations against them, Williams provides different representations of them using several sources, including her first-hand accounts and Roland’s own testimony. Through the stories of the female victims, Williams uses the fifth volume of Letters as evidence of the oppression of the Terror.

Helen Maria Williams’s Love of England in A Farewell, for Two Years, to England

( Kim¸ Jihee ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2021 현대영어영문학 Vol.65 No.3

After publishing her Letters Written in France (1790), Helen Maria Williams planned to travel to France again, for two years. Given the timing of her proposed trip, in a period when England had increasing concerns about, and was generally hostile to, the situation in France, she would have been keenly aware of the risks involved in a two-year trip there. Coupled with her support for the French Revolution, her long stay in France would have increased suspicions about her loyalty to England. This essay argues that Williams uses her poem A Farewell, for Two Years, to England (1791) to demonstrate her love of England and, at the same time, to defend herself against the criticisms of her sympathy for French liberty. This essay examines what makes Williams compose a poem before her trip to France by describing the changing social context of that period. By exploring Anna Seward’s shifting responses to the events in France and studying a review in the Gentleman’s Magazine of Letters, this paper reveals the criticisms that Williams would have faced. It then examines her strategies to demonstrate her loyalty to England and, at the same time, to present her support of French liberty in the poem. (Dongguk University)

Wealth had done wonder-taste not much : Fascination and Denigration of the East in Don Juan (Canto V)

( Kim¸ Ji Hee ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2014 영어권문화연구 Vol.7 No.1

Byron was different from most of his fellow contemporary writers who wrote about the East because his writings were not totally dependent on his imagination or written texts. He experienced Eastern culture first hand and had several different perspectives of the East. However, like other writers, Byron was still unable to free himself from Western point of views. This paper explores Byron's fascination with the East and the limitation of his perspective. The Seraglio in Don Juan was portrayed in detail as a magnificent and luxurious place. He simultaneously described the people who Juan met in the Seraglio. Byron also located a man in the harem as a slave and took everything Juan had. Juan, having been subordinated, was in an unusual position for a European. However, he could not go beyond the bounds of European convention in Don Juan. The description of Eastern places implies an awareness of superiority of Western culture. It seems to focus on material abundance although the palace was portrayed in detail. Byron described Oriental characters as negative and simple. There is an enlightenment mechanism to one of the characters in Don Juan, Gulbeyaz. Even though Byron had Eurocentric values, he clearly possessed a more positive attitude toward the East. His ambivalent attitude toward the East would be a great topic to further explore in researching Orientalism.

An affair of the heart: Sensibility, Revolution, Gender in Letters Written in France

( Kim¸ Ji Hee ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2014 영어권문화연구 Vol.7 No.2

Helen Maria Williams, one of the early romantic women writers, was a controversial figure of her age on the account of her being pro-French Revolution. Her support for the French Revolution is well expressed in Letters from France which were published in eight volumes between 1790 and 1796. Among them, I will focus on the first of volume of the Letters. This paper will explore why Williams used sensibility in her Letters (1790) and how she shows the sensibility with the political point of views in the epistolary form and the Memoir of Mos. and Madam Duf ―. Sensibility in Letters seems to be one of the ways to avoid critical remarks about female political prose. Williams would also use sensibility in Letters to accept her idea easily. In addition, the epistolary form assists Williams in expressing her political point of views with sensibility well in Letters and allows her to express her feelings freely and frankly. She can effectively persuade readers to sympathise with her feelings in the epistolary form. The other strategy enables Williams to show her sensibility with the political standpoint is the Memoir of Mons And Madam Duf - in later chapters of the Letters. The memoir is seemingly the love story but there is the contrast between the despotic government and the new government and the process of the revolution behind the romantic story. It is a sentimental story for covering Williams' political voice well. Williams's sentimental strategy looked to be a huge success before the revolution became violent. She expressed her political points of view with sensibility which could be the bulwark of her defence.

FCT 7 : Evaluation of a novel thread-lift in the improvement of nasolabial folds & cheek laxity

( Jihee Kim ),( Hee Su Kim ),( Jung Min Bae ),( Jimyung Seo ),( Hong Sun Jang ),( Mi Ryung Rho ),( Byung Ho Oh ),( Kyung Ae Nam ),( Kee Yang Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2014 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.66 No.2

Background: Since the use of the first barbed sutures for facial rejuvenation in 1990s, various products have been introduced based on different principles. There have been many published reports showing its effectiveness but majority relies on subjective improvement parameters assessed by practitioners or patients. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel monodirectionally barbed polydioxanone face-lifting thread by various objective measuring tools such as ultrasonography and 3-dimensional imaging. Methods: A single center, uncontrolled, open labeled, non-randomized trial was designed. Twenty three volunteers underwent a single thread-lifting. Ultrasonographic analysis and 3-dimensional imaging were performed before the procedure and one month after. Results: Among the 23 volunteers, 22 were females and one was a male. Average age of the enrolled volunteers were 60.2±6.8 years. Ultrasonographic measurement of the dermal thickness showed statistically significant increase and three dimensional measurements showed decreased volume and area around the nasolabial fold and jowl. All patients were satisfied with the outcomes after the single thread-lift procedure. Conclusion: In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of a thread-lift using three-dimensional imaging and ultrasonography. Thread-lift using a newly developed monodirectionally barbed polydioxanone thread was found to be convenient and effective to treat the aging features of the face.

Pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with improved overall survival in patients with gynecological cancer treated with immunotherapy

( Jihee Jung ),( Joonyoung Hong ),( Joseph J. Noh ),( Chel Hun Choi ),( Tae-joong Kim ),( Jeong-won Lee ),( Yoo-young Lee ),( Byoung-gie Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2022 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.108 No.-

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the pretreatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio at the time of initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with recurrent gynecological cancer has an effect on progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: A retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted using data between March 1, 2002, and February 18, 2021 at Samsung Comprehensive Cancer Center, Seoul. We identified patients who received ICIs for recurrent gynecological cancer (ovarian, endometrial, cervical, and other cancers). The absolute serum neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated from the complete blood count laboratory results performed before the first cycle of ICIs. Based on the median value of the NLR ratio, analysis was performed by dividing into 2 groups as high or low NLR. Results: Among 250 patients, 207 patients were included in the analysis, excluding patients with unknown pre-treatment NLR ratio or follow-up loss. 103 patients were assigned to the group with a low NLR, and 104 patients were assigned to the group with a high NLR ratio. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of body weight, BMI, prior radiation therapy, ECOG, total number of ICIs, and prior antibiotics use before ICIs (p<0.05). In the univariate analysis according to NLR, the Kaplan-Meier curve showed significantly longer overall survival (OS) in patients with low NLR compared with high NLR (p=0.17). In Cox multivariable analysis, NLR, ECOG, and total number of ICIs were found to affect Especially, low NLR group demonstrated survival gain about 3 times compared to the high group (HR 3.26; 95% CI 1.89 5.62; p<0.001). Conclusion: Pre-treatment high NLR showed significant improved. OS in patients with ICIs for recurrent gynecological cancer. It is thought that pretreatment NLR can be used as a predictive marker to predict survival after ICIs in patients with recurrent gynecological cancer.

Energy spectrum of particles arriving at the ground and S(800) determination by Monte Carlo simulation for Telescope Array

Jihee Kim,Soonyoung Roh,Dongsu Ryu,Hyesung Kang,Katuaki Kasahara,Eiji Kido,Akimichi Taketa 한국천문학회 2010 天文學會報 Vol.35 No.2

Treatment results of carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting for patients with radiation-induced carotid stenosis

Jihee Kang,Shin-Young Woo,Shin-Seok Yang,Yang-Jin Park,Dong-Ik Kim,Pyoung Jeon,Gyeong-Moon Kim,Young-Wook Kim 대한외과학회 2022 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.103 No.2

Purpose: Exposure to ionizing radiation over the head and neck accelerates atherosclerotic changes in the carotid arteries. Owing to the characteristics of radiation-induced carotid stenosis (RICS), the results regarding the optimal revascularization method for RICS vary. This study compared treatment outcomes between carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) in RICS. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent CEA or CAS for carotid stenosis. RICS was defined as carotid stenosis (>50%) with the prior neck irradiation for cancer treatment on either side. For the analyses, demographics, comorbid conditions, carotid lesion characteristics based on imaging studies, surgical complications, neurologic outcomes, and mortality during the follow-up period were reviewed. To compare CEA and CAS results in RICS, a 1:1 propensity score matching was applied. Results: Between November 1994 and June 2021, 43 patients with RICS and 2,407 patients with non-RICS underwent carotid revascularization with CEA or CAS. RICS had fewer atherosclerotic risk factors and more frequent severe carotid stenosis and contralateral carotid occlusions than non-RICS. CAS was more commonly performed than CEA (22.9% . 77.1%) for RICS due to more frequent unfavorable carotid anatomy (0 . 16.2%). Procedure-related complications were more common in the CEA than in the CAS. However, there was no significant difference in neurologic outcomes and restenosis rates between CEA and CAS in RICS. Conclusion: Considering its lesion characteristics and cumulative incidence, RICS requires more attention than non-RICS. Although CAS has broader indications for RICS, CEA has shown acceptable results if selectively performed.

Laser-assisted Delivery of a Combined Antioxidant Formulation Enhances the Clinical Efficacy of Fractional Microneedle Radiofrequency Treatment: A Pilot Study

Jihee Kim,Soo Min Kim,Bok Ki Jung,오상호,Young-Koo Kim,이주희 대한의학레이저학회 2021 MEDICAL LASERS Vol.10 No.3

Background and Objectives Fractional microneedle radiofrequency systems are popular options to increase elasticity in aging skin. Laser-assisted drug delivery is a promising method for the epidermal injection of topically applied drugs and cosmetic ingredients. This study assesses the safety and efficacy of topical delivery of L-ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and ferulic acid after fractional microneedle radiofrequency treatment for reducing photodamage. Materials and Methods In this prospective, single-center, split-face, controlled pilot study, six women (mean age, 48.0 years; range, 35-57 years; Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV) exhibiting mild to moderate photodamage, underwent a single session of fractional microneedle radiofrequency treatment. The patients were instructed to apply the antioxidant formulation to only one side of the face. Patients were evaluated 3 days, 7 days, and 4 weeks thereafter, using three-dimensional imaging and ultrasound. Ex vivo , the fullthickness human skin was used for molecular and histological evaluation. Statistical analysis was achieved by applying t-tests, Mann- Whitney U tests, and one-way analyses of variance. Results Compared to the untreated side, the antioxidant-treated side exhibited a significant increase in dermal thickness (10.32% vs. 17.54%, p < 0.05), but not in skin elasticity (4.76% vs. 4.69%, p > 0.05). The difference in erythema between the sides was statistically not significant (p > 0.05). In the ex vivo model, expression of FGF2 in the skin was significantly increased after application of the antioxidant formulation, as compared to results obtained subsequent to fractional microneedle radiofrequency treatment only (p < 0.01). Conclusion This study demonstrates that for the treatment of photodamaged skin, laser-assisted delivery of the antioxidant formulation is a safe and effective adjuvant modality following fractional microneedle radiofrequency.

Experimental analysis of temperature elevation in ultrasonic beam from circular piston

Kim, Jungsoon,Jung, Jihee,Kim, Moojoon,Ha, Kanglyeol Institute of Pure and Applied Physics 2014 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. No.