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Mechanics of stretchable electronics on balloon catheter under extreme deformation
Su, Y.,Liu, Z.,Wang, S.,Ghaffari, R.,Kim, D.H.,Hwang, K.C.,Rogers, J.A.,Huang, Y. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 International journal of solids and structures Vol.51 No.7
Stretchable electronics has been applied to balloon catheters for high-efficacy ablation, with tactile sensing integrated on the surface, to establish full and conformal contact with the endocardial surface for elimination of the heart sink caused by blood flow around their surfaces. The balloon of the catheter folds into uniform 'clover' patterns driven by the pressure mismatch inside (~vacuum) and outside of the balloon (pressure ~1atm). The balloon catheter, on which microelectrodes and interconnects are printed, undergoes extreme mechanical deformation during its inflation and deflation. An analytic solution is obtained for balloon catheter inflation and deflation, which gives analytically the distribution of curvatures and the maximum strain in the microelectrodes and interconnects. The analytic solution is validated by the finite element analysis. It also accounts for the effect of inflated radius, and is very useful to the optimal design of balloon catheter.
Su, Y.,Liu, C.W.,Liu, L.,Ye, C.H.,Cao, W.Q.,Huang, Y.Q.,Zheng, J.,Cai, D.Y.,Olowofeso, O. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.4
The genetic polymorphism and relationships of Muscovy, Cherry Valley Meat ducks, Partridge ducks and their crossbreds $F_1$ and $F_2$, respectively, were studied using a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. The results showed that RAPD markers were effective for the analysis of genetic relationships among ducks. Amplification with 20-primers gave 760 reproducible amplified fragments. The percentage of polymorphic marker band was 74.70%, which indicates that the RAPD technique had higher efficiency of polymorphism detection and sensitivity in studying the genetic variations among ducks and showed that the genetic polymorphism was abundant between two species of duck populations. The average index of genetic distance in hybrid $F_2$ was 0.2341 and higher than that of its parents, which indicates that the genetic diversity was improved by crossbreeding with Muscovy.
Effect of Austempering Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M50NiL Bearing Steel
Y. B. Li,W. Ren,X. F. Yu,Y. Su,S. J. Wang,Y. Liu,S. Yang,W. J. Liu 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.11
By means of microstructure observation, microhardness, tensile and rotating bending fatigue tests, the effects of austemperingtreatment on the formation of lower bainite, carbide precipitation and mechanical properties of M50NiL bearing steel werestudied. Results showed that multi-layer composite microstructure was formed in the steel after austempering treatment. Themicrostructure of the surface layer was mainly consisted of lower bainite, martensite and carbides, that of the sub-surfacelayer contained granular carbides, a little lower bainite, lath martensite, twin martensite and thin film retained austenite, andthat of the core region mostly contained lath martensite. In contrast with the traditional martensite quenching treatment,there was more lower bainite formed in the surface layer after austempering treatment. The appearance of acicular bainitedramatically decreased the effective grain size by refining the microstructure, and there were more finer carbides precipitatedin the lath martensite. After austempering treatment and tempering, the average hardness in surface layer of the steel increasedfrom 746.5 HV0.5to 786.4 HV0.5,and the rotating bending fatigue limit of the steel increased from 870.9 to 1170.0 MPa, butthe tensile strength of the steel decreased slightly. The effects of austempering treatment on the mechanical properties hada close relationship with the carbide precipitation behavior and the formation of lower bainite.