GSTM1 Tissue Genotype as a Recurrence Predictor in Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

하윤석,Chunri Yan,정필두,김원태,윤석중,Isaac Yi Kim,문성권,김원재 대한의학회 2011 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.26 No.2

Tissue genotyping is more useful approach than using blood genomic DNA, which can reflect the effects of the somatic mutations in cancer. Although polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (GST ) have been associated with the risk of bladder cancer (BC)development, few reports provide information about the prognosis of BC. We investigated glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1)genotypes using genomic DNA from primary 165 BC tissue samples to assess the association with disease prognosis. DNA samples from tumor were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results were compared with clinicopathological parameters. The prognostic significance of the GSTs was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression model. Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed significant differences in time to tumor recurrence according to the GSTM1 tissue genotype (P = 0.038) in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Multivariate Cox regression analysis also revealed that the tissue GSTM1 genotype (hazards ratio [HR]: 0.377, P = 0.031) was an independent predictor of bladder tumor recurrence in NMIBC. This identification of GSTM1tissue genotype as a prognosticator for determining recurrence in NMIBC should prove highly useful in a clinical setting.

Laser hemorrhoidoplasty versus conventional hemorrhoidectomy for grade II/III hemorrhoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ian Jun Yan Wee,Chee Hoe Koo,Isaac Seow-En,Yvonne Ying Ru Ng,Wenjie Lin,Emile John Kwong-Wei Tan 대한대장항문학회 2023 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.39 No.1

Purpose: This study compared the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of laser hemorrhoidoplasty (LH) vs. conventional hemorrhoidectomy (CH) in patients with grade II/III hemorrhoids. Methods: PubMed/Medline and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized and nonrandomized studies comparing LH against CH in grade II/III hemorrhoids. The primary outcomes included postoperative use of analgesia, postoperative morbidity (bleeding, urinary retention, pain, thrombosis), and time of return to work/daily activities. Results: Nine studies totaling 661 patients (LH, 336 and CH, 325) were included. The LH group had shorter operative time (P<0.001) and less intraoperative blood loss (P<0.001). Postoperative pain was lower in the LH group, with lower postoperative day 1 (mean difference [MD], –2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], –3.44 to –0.75; P=0.002) and postoperative day 7 (MD, –3.94; 95% CI, –6.36 to –1.52; P=0.001) visual analogue scores and use of analgesia (risk ratio [RR], 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42–0.81; P=0.001). The risk of postoperative bleeding was also lower in the LH group (RR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.12– 0.28; P<0.001), with a quicker return to work or daily activities (P=0.002). The 12-month risks of bleeding (P>0.999) and prolapse (P=0.240), and the likelihood of complete resolution at 12 months, were similar (P=0.240). Conclusion: LH offers more favorable short-term clinical outcomes than CH, with reduced morbidity and pain and earlier return to work or daily activities. Medium-term symptom recurrence at 12 months was similar. Our results should be verified in future well-designed trials with larger samples.

Tissue hOGG1 Genotype Predicts Bladder Cancer Prognosis: A Novel Approach Using a Peptide Nucleic Acid Clamping Method

Ha, Yun-Sok,Yan, Chunri,Kim, Isaac Yi,Yun, Seok-Joong,Moon, Sung-Kwon,Kim, Wun-Jae Springer - Society of Surgical Oncology 2011 Annals of surgical oncology Vol.18 No.6

<i>GSTM1</i> Tissue Genotype as a Recurrence Predictor in Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Ha, Yun-Sok,Yan, Chunri,Jeong, Pildu,Kim, Won Tae,Yun, Seok-Joong,Kim, Isaac Yi,Moon, Sung-Kwon,Kim, Wun-Jae The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2011 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.26 No.2

<P>Tissue genotyping is more useful approach than using blood genomic DNA, which can reflect the effects of the somatic mutations in cancer. Although polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (<I>GST</I>) have been associated with the risk of bladder cancer (BC) development, few reports provide information about the prognosis of BC. We investigated glutathione S-transferase mu (<I>GSTM1</I>) and glutathione S-transferase theta (<I>GSTT1</I>) genotypes using genomic DNA from primary 165 BC tissue samples to assess the association with disease prognosis. DNA samples from tumor were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results were compared with clinicopathological parameters. The prognostic significance of the <I>GST</I>s was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression model. Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed significant differences in time to tumor recurrence according to the <I>GSTM1</I> tissue genotype (<I>P</I> = 0.038) in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Multivariate Cox regression analysis also revealed that the tissue <I>GSTM1</I> genotype (hazards ratio [HR]: 0.377, <I>P</I> = 0.031) was an independent predictor of bladder tumor recurrence in NMIBC. This identification of <I>GSTM1</I> tissue genotype as a prognosticator for determining recurrence in NMIBC should prove highly useful in a clinical setting.</P>

Metabolic Pathway Signatures Associated with Urinary Metabolite Biomarkers Differentiate Bladder Cancer Patients from Healthy Controls

Kim, Won Tae,Yun, Seok Joong,Yan, Chunri,Jeong, Pildu,Kim, Ye Hwan,Lee, Il-Seok,Kang, Ho-Won,Park, Sunghyouk,Moon, Sung-Kwon,Choi, Yung-Hyun,Choi, Young Deuk,Kim, Isaac Yi,Kim, Jayoung,Kim, Wun-Jae Yonsei University College of Medicine 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.4

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Our previous high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry study identified bladder cancer (BCA)-specific urine metabolites, including carnitine, acylcarnitines, and melatonin. The objective of the current study was to determine which metabolic pathways are perturbed in BCA, based on our previously identified urinary metabolome.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>A total of 135 primary BCA samples and 26 control tissue samples from healthy volunteers were analyzed. The association between specific urinary metabolites and their related encoding genes was analyzed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Significant alterations in the carnitine-acylcarnitine and tryptophan metabolic pathways were detected in urine specimens from BCA patients compared to those of healthy controls. The expression of eight genes involved in the carnitine-acylcarnitine metabolic pathway (<I>CPT1A, CPT1B, CPT1C, CPT2, SLC25A20</I>, and <I>CRAT</I>) or tryptophan metabolism (<I>TPH1</I> and <I>IDO1</I>) was assessed by RT-PCR in our BCA cohort (n=135). C<I>PT1B, CPT1C, SLC25A20, CRAT, TPH1</I>, and <I>IOD1</I> were significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared to normal bladder tissues (<I>p</I><0.05 all) of patients with non-muscle invasive BCA, whereas <I>CPT1B, CPT1C, CRAT</I>, and <I>TPH1</I> were downregulated in those with muscle invasive BCA (<I>p</I><0.05), with no changes in <I>IDO1</I> expression.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Alterations in the expression of genes associated with the carnitine-acylcarnitine and tryptophan metabolic pathways, which were the most perturbed pathways in BCA, were determined.</P>

Influence of turbulence modeling on CFD simulation results of tornado-structure interaction

Ryan Honerkamp,Zhi Li,Gui-rong Yan,Kakkattukuzhy M. Isaac 한국풍공학회 2022 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.35 No.2

Tornadic wind flow is inherently turbulent. A turbulent wind flow is characterized by fluctuation of the velocity in the flow field with time, and it is a dynamic process that consists of eddy formation, eddy transportation, and eddy dissipation due to viscosity. Properly modeling turbulence significantly increases the accuracy of numerical simulations. The lack of a clear and detailed comparison between turbulence models used in tornadic wind flows and their effects on tornado induced pressure demonstrates a significant research gap. To bridge this research gap, in this study, two representative turbulence modeling approaches are applied in simulating real-world tornadoes to investigate how the selection of turbulence models affects the simulated tornadic wind flow and the induced pressure on structural surface. To be specific, LES with Smagorinsky-Lilly Subgrid and k-ω are chosen to simulate the 3D full-scale tornado and the tornado-structure interaction with a building present in the computational domain. To investigate the influence of turbulence modeling, comparisons are made of velocity field and pressure field of the simulated wind field and of the pressure distribution on building surface between the cases with different turbulence modeling.

Central Neurocytoma: A Review of Clinical Management and Histopathologic Features

( Seung J. Lee ),( Timothy T. Bui ),( Cheng Hao Jacky Chen ),( Carlito Lagman ),( Lawrance K. Chung ),( Sabrin Sidhu ),( David J. Seo ),( William H. Yong ),( Todd L. Siegal ),( Minsu Kim ),( Isaac Yan 대한뇌종양학회·대한신경종양학회·대한소아뇌종양학회 2016 Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Vol.4 No.2

Central neurocytoma (CN) is a rare, benign brain tumor often located in the lateral ventricles. CN may cause obstructive hydrocephalus and manifest as signs of increased intracranial pressure. The goal of treatment for CN is a gross total resection (GTR), which often yields excellent prognosis with a very high rate of tumor control and survival. Adjuvant radiosurgery and radiotherapy may be considered to im-prove tumor control when GTR cannot be achieved. Chemotherapy is also not considered a primary treatment, but has been used as a salvage therapy. The radiological features of CN are indistinguishable from those of other brain tumors; therefore, many histological markers, such as synaptophysin, can be very useful for diagnosing CNs. Furthermore, the MIB-1 Labeling Index seems to be correlated with the prognosis of CN. We also discuss oncogenes associated with these elusive tumors. Further studies may improve our ability to accurately diagnose CNs and to design the optimal treatment regimens for patients with CNs.