From Traditional to Non-Traditional Security: Assessing Security Interdependence in Türkiye-China Relations

Imran Ali Sandano 한국국제정치학회 2024 The Korean Journal of International Studies Vol.22 No.1

This study aims to explain the newly found momentum between Türkiye and China on nontraditional security (NTS) cooperation over the course of the past decade. This new understanding is based on security interdependence between the two. The changing nature of international security and emergence of NTS issues has gotten prominent attention in international relations. While a notion of security interdependence is to explore interdependent relationships on NTS issues which have become increasingly significant. The significance of NTS cooperation is that, it avoids paranoid traditional hostilities and discovers common ground for cooperation, which actually neglects traditional diplomatic approaches. Türkiye-China, serves as the core case study to illustrate the implications of the theoretical debate on security interdependence. Both nations are facing plenty of NTS challenges, but this has taken three key challenges like, economic security, anti-terrorism cooperation, and energy security cooperation, as empirical evidence which proves their positive impact of their traditional cooperation. The study has applied qualitative research methods for a deeper understanding of the notion of security interdependent. This article argues that the Türkiye-China partnership is based on ‘security interdependence’ and embodies an important momentum that goes beyond a traditional bilateral partnership.

Channel Clustering and QoS Level Identification Scheme for Multi-Channel Cognitive Radio Networks

Ali, Amjad,Yaqoob, Ibrar,Ahmed, Ejaz,Imran, Muhammad,Kwak, Kyung Sup,Ahmad, Adnan,Hussain, Syed Asad,Ali, Zulfiqar IEEE 2018 IEEE communications magazine Vol.56 No.4

<P>The increasing popularity of wireless services and devices necessitates high bandwidth requirements; however, spectrum resources are not only limited but also heavily underutilized. Multiple license channels that support the same levels of QoS are desirable to resolve the problems posed by the scarcity and inefficient use of spectrum resources in multi-channel cognitive radio networks (MCRNs). One reason is that multimedia services and applications have distinct, stringent QoS requirements. However, due to a lack of coordination between primary and secondary users, identifying the QoS levels supported over available licensed channels has proven to be problematic and has yet to be attempted. This article presents a novel Bayesian non-parametric channel clustering scheme, which identifies the QoS levels supported over available license channels. The proposed scheme employs the infinite Gaussian mixture model and collapsed Gibbs sampler to identify the QoS levels from the feature space of the bit rate, packet delivery ratio, and packet delay variation of licensed channels. Moreover, the real measurements of wireless data traces and comparisons with baseline clustering schemes are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.</P>

Reusability and photocatalytic activity of bismuth-TiO₂ nanocomposites for industrial wastewater treatment

Ali, Imran,Han, Gi-Beom,Kim, Jong-Oh Elsevier 2019 Environmental research Vol.170 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, bismuth-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotube (Bi-TNT) composites were used for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Bi-TNT were synthesized using two- and one-step anodization methods. The obtained composites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For the two-step Bi-TNT composites, we investigated the effect of different Bi deposition times, Bi concentrations, and Bi deposition voltages on photodegradation efficiency. For the one-step Bi-TNT composites, we investigated the effect of different anodization voltages, anodization times, and Bi concentrations. Initially, the optimal synthesis conditions for two- and one-step Bi-TNT catalysts were identified and then these optimized conditions were used for industrial wastewater treatment that was collected from Banwol Sihwa Industrial Complex Republic of Korea. The Bi-TNT two- and one-step composites showed 2.0 and 2.5 times higher photocatalytic activity, respectively, for industrial wastewater treatment than that of TNT in visible-light. Recycling of Bi-TNT composites showed that the one-step composite method was more efficient and stable than the two-step method because Bi coupling and nanotube formation simultaneously occurred.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Bi-TNT composites were used for photocatalytic treatment of industrial wastewater. </LI> <LI> Bi-TNT catalysts were fabricated using two-step and one-step anodization methods. </LI> <LI> Effect of Bi concentration, deposition time, anodization volt & time were evaluated. </LI> <LI> One-step Bi-TNT composite was more stable and efficient than two-step method. </LI> </UL> </P>

A Novel Subspace Tracking Algorithm and Its Application to Blind Multiuser Detection in Cellular CDMA Systems

Ali, Imran,Kim, Doug-Nyun,Song, Yun-Jeong,Azeemi, Naeem Zafar The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2010 Journal of communications and networks Vol.12 No.3

In this paper, we propose and develop a new algorithm for the principle subspace tracking by orthonormalizing the eigenvectors using an approximation of Gram-Schmidt procedure. We carry out a novel mathematical derivation to show that when this approximated version of Gram-Schmidt procedure is added to a modified form of projection approximation subspace tracking deflation (PASTd) algorithm, the eigenvectors can be orthonormalized within a linear computational complexity. While the PASTd algorithm tries to extracts orthonormalized eigenvectors, the new scheme orthonormalizes the eigenvectors after their extraction, yielding much more tacking efficiency. We apply the new tracking scheme for blind adaptive multiuser detection for non-stationary cellular CDMA environment and use extensive simulation results to demonstrate the performance improvement of the proposed scheme.

The Relationship between Surgery and Phase of the Menstrual Cycle Affects Survival in Breast Cancer

Ali Imran Kucuk,Can Atalay 한국유방암학회 2012 Journal of breast cancer Vol.15 No.4

Purpose: The impact of time of surgery based on the menstrual cycle is a controversial issue. Two decades after the first interest in this topic, a number of studies with conflicting results have not helped to resolve this problem. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the impact of timing of surgery based on the menstrual cycle on survival rates of breast cancer patients, and various clinical and hormonal classifications of the menstrual cycle were compared in order to determine the phase of the menstrual cycle which showed the highest degree of surgical survival. Methods: Premenopausal breast cancer patients treated with curative surgery between 1998 and 2002 were prospectively included in this study. Patients were divided into different groups according to the first day of their last menstrual cycle using three different classifications (clinical, Hrushesky, Badwe), and were also grouped according to their serum hormone levels. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone were measured on the day of surgery. Results: Ninety patients were included in the study. Median follow-up time was 90 months. Nineteen patients (21.1%) had loco-regional recurrence and/or distant metastases while 12 patients (13.3%) died during follow-up. Five-year (78.6% vs. 90.6%) and 10-year (66.7% vs. 90.6%) disease-free survival (DFS) rates of patients in the clinically defined follicular phase were significantly decreased compared to luteal phase. On the other hand, hormonally determined phases of the menstrual cycle and grouping of patients according to clinical classifications did not show an impact on prognosis. Conclusion: In the current study performing surgery in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle decreased DFS in premenopausal patients. According to these results, performing surgery during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle might have a beneficial effect on survival.

Nontraditional Security Diplomacy between China and Japan

Imran Ali Sandano 한국국방연구원 2022 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.34 No.3

This study takes the argument that nontraditional security (NTS) diplomacy can provide the essential window of opportunity for China and Japan to move beyond traditional diplomatic history. However, NTS issues have become dominant in reforming bilateral relations between China and Japan, though there is no fixed edge in nontraditional security. To reveal, it explores the NTS diplomacy with the importance of nontraditional security issues as substance for the expansion and development of two leading economies. The non-military and transboundary character of NTS threats have constrained courtiers to pursue more substantial levels of security integration. This study argues that the significance of NTS diplomacy is twofold; first, it avoids sensitive historical hostilities and finds common ground for cooperation on NTS threats that traditional approach of diplomacy apparently is unable to envisage. Second, security interdependence approach can turn traditional diplomatic relations of China and Japan into a more conciliatory and prominent path. While NTS threats like natural disasters, environment degradation, and economy crisis have been taken as case studies to provide empirical evidence and significant opportunities for both rival states. This article, to some extent, describes the dynamic between traditional, nontraditional, and nontraditional security diplomacy through China–Japan relations.

Response surface methodology for optimization of the one-step preparation of RGO-TNTs as visible light catalysts

Ali, Imran,Kim, Seu-Run,Park, Kyungmin,Kim, Jong-Oh Taylor Francis 2017 Chemical engineering communications Vol.204 No.9

Blind Adaptive Multiuser Detection for the MC-CDMA Systems Using Orthogonalized Subspace Tracking

Imran Ali,김덕년,Jong Soo Lim 한국전자통신연구원 2009 ETRI Journal Vol.31 No.2

In this paper, we study the performance of subspace-based multiuser detection techniques for multicarrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems. We propose an improvement in the PASTd algorithm by cascading it with the classical Gram-Schmidt procedure to orthonormalize the eigenvectors after their sequential extraction. The tracking of signal subspace using this algorithm, which we call OPASTd, has a faster convergence as the eigenvectors are orthonormalized at each discrete time sample. This improved PASTd algorithm is then used to implement the subspace blind adaptive multiuser detection for MC-CDMA. We also show that, for multiuser detection, the complexity of the proposed scheme is lower than that of many other orthogonalization schemes found in the literature. Extensive simulation results are presented and discussed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme.

A Novel Subspace Tracking Algorithm and Its Application to Blind Multiuser Detection in Cellular CDMA Systems

Imran Ali,김덕년,Yun-Jeong Song,Naeem Zafar Azeemi 한국통신학회 2010 Journal of communications and networks Vol.12 No.3

In this paper, we propose and develop a new algorithm for the principle subspace tracking by orthonormalizing the eigenvectors using an approximation of Gram-Schmidt procedure. We carry out a novel mathematical derivation to show that when this approximated version of Gram-Schmidt procedure is added to a modified form of projection approximation subspace tracking deflation (PASTd) algorithm, the eigenvectors can be orthonormalized within a linear computational complexity. While the PASTd algorithm tries to extracts orthonormalized eigenvectors, the new scheme orthonormalizes the eigenvectors after their extraction,yielding much more tacking efficiency. We apply the new tracking scheme for blind adaptive multiuser detection for non-stationary cellular CDMA environment and use extensive simulation results to demonstrate the performance improvement of the proposed scheme.

Recycling of textile wastewater with a membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis plant for sustainable and cleaner production

Ali, Imran,Kim, Seu-Run,Kim, Sung-Pil,Kim, Jong-Oh Balaban Publishers 2016 Desalination and Water Treatment Vol. No.

<P>Due to increasing industrial and human water consumption, as well as increasing water and wastewater disposal costs, recycling of industrial wastewater is of growing importance. The textile wet processing industry discharges a significant volume of wastewater with considerable organic contamination and residuals. In Yunus Textile Mills (YTM) in Pakistan, we successfully recycled textile wastewater using a membrane bioreactor (ultrafiltration) followed by reverse osmosis (RO). This textile wastewater recycling plant is the first of its kind in Pakistan and is an important benchmark for all future developments in textile wastewater treatment (WWT). In YTM, wastewater was treated with a series of environmentally friendly processes including heat recovery from hot wastewater using a custom-designed heat exchanger with an operating efficiency of 65.9% and reducing the wastewater temperature from 70 to 43 degrees C. Neutralization of wastewater was achieved by mixing power plant exhaust emissions, thereby reducing wastewater pH from 12.1 to 8.4. Membrane bioreactor and RO plants reduced chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, and total dissolved solids up to 96.2, 97.1, and 96.4%, respectively, and removed color from the wastewater. This treated wastewater was then reused in the textile processes such as fabric washing and rinsing. Thus, the combination of the membrane bioreactor and the RO plant is feasible for textile WWT and reuse.</P>