Colors as Catalysts in Enzymatic Reactions

Samina T. Yousuf Azeemi,Syed Mohsin Raza,Masoom Yasinzai 사단법인약침학회 2008 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.1 No.2

We studied the effects of visible range irradiation (in vitro) on the enzyme solutions (glucose oxidase, cholesterol oxidase + cholesterol esterase and lipase) in order to infer the changes produced in the human body after chromotherapy. The glucose oxidase showed enhanced activity to the color purple (464 nm), while the activity of the other enzymes, cholesterol esterase + cholesterol oxidase and lipase, increased when exposed to dark violet (400 nm). Purple is being used in conventional chromotherapy for diabetes, as supported by the experimental observation in which purple enhanced the activity of enzymes responsible for the oxidation of glucose. Specific wavelengths regulate living processes by acting as catalysts in enzyme activity, while some wavelengths may reduce enzyme activity. The irradiation of specific wavelengths effect enzymatic processes, which as a consequence, accelerated biochemical reactions. This particular frequency when provided to the enzymes (in vitro) lead to changes which may well be occurring in vivo. We studied the effects of visible range irradiation (in vitro) on the enzyme solutions (glucose oxidase, cholesterol oxidase + cholesterol esterase and lipase) in order to infer the changes produced in the human body after chromotherapy. The glucose oxidase showed enhanced activity to the color purple (464 nm), while the activity of the other enzymes, cholesterol esterase + cholesterol oxidase and lipase, increased when exposed to dark violet (400 nm). Purple is being used in conventional chromotherapy for diabetes, as supported by the experimental observation in which purple enhanced the activity of enzymes responsible for the oxidation of glucose. Specific wavelengths regulate living processes by acting as catalysts in enzyme activity, while some wavelengths may reduce enzyme activity. The irradiation of specific wavelengths effect enzymatic processes, which as a consequence, accelerated biochemical reactions. This particular frequency when provided to the enzymes (in vitro) lead to changes which may well be occurring in vivo.

Effect of Different Wavelengths on Superoxide Dismutase

Samina T. Yousuf Azeemi,S. Mohsin Raza,Masoom Yasinzai,Abdul Samad 사단법인약침학회 2009 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.2 No.3

Introduction: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes present in all oxygen-metabolizing cells. This enzyme eliminates toxins from our body, so it is vital to understand its action and activity under the influence of different wavelengths. The effects of different wavelengths of light in the visible range on SOD activity were investigated. Methods: Enzyme samples were irradiated with five different wavelengths for chromotization. The absorbance values of the control and treated enzymes were subsequently measured. Results: A wavelength of 644 nm (red) showed the maximum increase in absorbance compared with all other color wavelengths used. Yellow showed least absorption. Conclusion: Red color wavelength actually provides additional energy to the enzyme and hence the activation energy is lowered, compared with untreated enzyme. Introduction: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes present in all oxygen-metabolizing cells. This enzyme eliminates toxins from our body, so it is vital to understand its action and activity under the influence of different wavelengths. The effects of different wavelengths of light in the visible range on SOD activity were investigated. Methods: Enzyme samples were irradiated with five different wavelengths for chromotization. The absorbance values of the control and treated enzymes were subsequently measured. Results: A wavelength of 644 nm (red) showed the maximum increase in absorbance compared with all other color wavelengths used. Yellow showed least absorption. Conclusion: Red color wavelength actually provides additional energy to the enzyme and hence the activation energy is lowered, compared with untreated enzyme.

Comparison of Resistance Level to Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV)Among Newly Developed Cotton Mutants and Commercial Cultivars

KhalidP.Akhtar,AzeemI.Khan,M.Hussain 한국식물병리학회 2002 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.18 No.4

Four newly developed cotton mutants (M-111, M-7662, M-358 and M-218) were compared for their resistance against Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) together with commercial resistant (CIM-443, CIM-482, CIM-473, FH-900 and FH-901) and susceptible (S-12) varieties by artificial inoculation through grafting and under natural field conditions. Infectivity and success of grafting were 100% in all cases. None of the grafted plants were found immune or asymptomatic. All the grafted mutants and most of their single plant progeny rows (SPPRs) showed highly resistant responses as the symptoms displayed by these mutants were milder than the commercial cultivars. Grafted mutants also had delayed disease reactions as they took more time (25-30 days) to produce disease symptoms, as compared with resistant commercial varieties that produced disease 18-22 days after inoculation. Growth of the grafted SPPRs of tested mutants was normal, which is an indication that there will be no production losses. Observations under natural infestation of whitefly showed that two SPPRs of M-11/CE and M-7662-1/2 and one resistant variety CIM-443 exhibited slight incidence of disease, while one SPPR of M-11/59 and S-12 were moderately susceptible and highly susceptible with 21% and 97.1% disease incidence, respectively. This study also showed that plants displaying more disease symptoms through grafting were easily infected under natural conditions. These results suggest that preference should be given to those plants that exhibited highly resistant responses after artificial inoculation.

A Novel Subspace Tracking Algorithm and Its Application to Blind Multiuser Detection in Cellular CDMA Systems

Imran Ali,김덕년,Yun-Jeong Song,Naeem Zafar Azeemi 한국통신학회 2010 Journal of communications and networks Vol.12 No.3

In this paper, we propose and develop a new algorithm for the principle subspace tracking by orthonormalizing the eigenvectors using an approximation of Gram-Schmidt procedure. We carry out a novel mathematical derivation to show that when this approximated version of Gram-Schmidt procedure is added to a modified form of projection approximation subspace tracking deflation (PASTd) algorithm, the eigenvectors can be orthonormalized within a linear computational complexity. While the PASTd algorithm tries to extracts orthonormalized eigenvectors, the new scheme orthonormalizes the eigenvectors after their extraction,yielding much more tacking efficiency. We apply the new tracking scheme for blind adaptive multiuser detection for non-stationary cellular CDMA environment and use extensive simulation results to demonstrate the performance improvement of the proposed scheme.

Performance Analysis of Metro WDM Star Network based on An Arrayed Waveguide Grating

Syed Abdul Mannan Kirmani,Seoyong Shin,양효식,Naeem Zafar Azeemi 한국광학회 2008 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.12 No.4

In this paper, we analyze the performance of a reliable, scalable, and cost-effective switchless wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network based on an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). The network efficiency is significantly increased by spatially reusing wavelengths and exploiting multiple free spectral ranges (FSRs) of the AWG employed in the architecture. We have analyzed the performance of this architecture by simulating in OptsimTM with a control channel which exploits the broadband light source, i.e., an LED. The data was successfully transmitted to a distance of 30 km without using any EDFA’s in the network, with a reasonable BER of 4.0530×10-14. We have analyzed the performance of this architecture with a control channel which exploits the broadband light source, i.e., an LED, by simulating in OptsimTM.

A Novel Subspace Tracking Algorithm and Its Application to Blind Multiuser Detection in Cellular CDMA Systems

Ali, Imran,Kim, Doug-Nyun,Song, Yun-Jeong,Azeemi, Naeem Zafar The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2010 Journal of communications and networks Vol.12 No.3

In this paper, we propose and develop a new algorithm for the principle subspace tracking by orthonormalizing the eigenvectors using an approximation of Gram-Schmidt procedure. We carry out a novel mathematical derivation to show that when this approximated version of Gram-Schmidt procedure is added to a modified form of projection approximation subspace tracking deflation (PASTd) algorithm, the eigenvectors can be orthonormalized within a linear computational complexity. While the PASTd algorithm tries to extracts orthonormalized eigenvectors, the new scheme orthonormalizes the eigenvectors after their extraction, yielding much more tacking efficiency. We apply the new tracking scheme for blind adaptive multiuser detection for non-stationary cellular CDMA environment and use extensive simulation results to demonstrate the performance improvement of the proposed scheme.