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        Nontraditional Security Diplomacy between China and Japan

        Imran Ali Sandano 한국국방연구원 2022 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.34 No.3

        This study takes the argument that nontraditional security (NTS) diplomacy can provide the essential window of opportunity for China and Japan to move beyond traditional diplomatic history. However, NTS issues have become dominant in reforming bilateral relations between China and Japan, though there is no fixed edge in nontraditional security. To reveal, it explores the NTS diplomacy with the importance of nontraditional security issues as substance for the expansion and development of two leading economies. The non-military and transboundary character of NTS threats have constrained courtiers to pursue more substantial levels of security integration. This study argues that the significance of NTS diplomacy is twofold; first, it avoids sensitive historical hostilities and finds common ground for cooperation on NTS threats that traditional approach of diplomacy apparently is unable to envisage. Second, security interdependence approach can turn traditional diplomatic relations of China and Japan into a more conciliatory and prominent path. While NTS threats like natural disasters, environment degradation, and economy crisis have been taken as case studies to provide empirical evidence and significant opportunities for both rival states. This article, to some extent, describes the dynamic between traditional, nontraditional, and nontraditional security diplomacy through China–Japan relations.

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      • KCI등재

        Nontraditional Security Diplomacy: A Workable Option for India and Pakistan to Move Forward

        ( Yu Xiaofeng ),( Imran Ali Sandano ) 한국국방연구원 2017 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.29 No.2

        The traditional hostility between India and Pakistan has created a complex situation in the region, and their traditional bilateral relations are ignoring and increasing the nontraditional security (NTS) threats like terrorism, religious extremism, drug trafficking, environmental issues, maritime piracy, natural disasters, energy and economic crises which need a different diplomatic approach. Traditionally, a country`s diplomatic principles and position were judged by its political wisdom and military prestige. However, nontraditional diplomatic approaches have opened a new debate in the diplomatic arena. This study coins a new notion of diplomacy, “Nontraditional Security Diplomacy.” It argues that NTS diplomacy is more productive to settle traditional and nontraditional security issues between both conflicting states. It also strives to clarify the relationship between India and Pakistan and their mutual NTS cooperation. This study has devised three key policy options: cooperative security, security co-governance and peaceful coexistence for security cooperation, while the means and methods represent the strategy of understanding NTS challenges and cooperation between both states. Therefore, the paper explores the relevant questions for their security cooperation. Resultantly, it maps out the need for collaboration in NTS areas and maneuvers for practical cooperation, which is favorable for the improvement of peaceful bilateral relations between the two countries.

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