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Yoon Hyoung Pai,Chae Seong Lim,Kyung-Ah Park,Hyun Sil Cho,Gyu-Seung Lee,Yong Sup Shin,Hyun-Woo Kim,Byeong Hwa Jeon,Seok Hwa Yoon,Jin Bong Park 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.4
In addition to classical synaptic transmission, information is transmitted between cells via the activation of extrasynaptic receptors that generate persistent tonic current in the brain. While growing evidence supports the presence of tonic NMDA current (I<sub>NMDA</sub>) generated by extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (eNMDARs), the functional significance of tonic I<sub>NMDA</sub> in various brain regions remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that activation of eNMDARs that generate INMDA facilitates the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionate receptor (AMPAR)-mediated steady-state current in supraoptic nucleus (SON) magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs). In low-Mg<sup>2+</sup> artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), glutamate induced an inward shift in I<sub>holding</sub> (I<sub>GLU</sub>) at a holding potential (V<sub>holding</sub>) of –70 mV which was partly blocked by an AMPAR antagonist, NBQX. NBQX-sensitive IGLU was observed even in normal aCSF at V<sub>holding</sub> of –40 mV or –20 mV. IGLU was completely abolished by pretreatment with an NMDAR blocker, AP5, under all tested conditions. AMPA induced a reproducible inward shift in Iholding (I<sub>AMPA</sub>) in SON MNCs. Pretreatment with AP5 attenuated I<sub>AMPA</sub> amplitudes to ~60% of the control levels in low-Mg <sup>2+</sup> aCSF, but not in normal aCSF at V<sub>holding</sub> of –70 mV. I<sub>AMPA</sub> attenuation by AP5 was also prominent in normal aCSF at depolarized holding potentials. Memantine, an eNMDAR blocker, mimicked the AP5-induced I<sub>AMPA</sub> attenuation in SON MNCs. Finally, chronic dehydration did not affect I<sub>AMPA</sub> attenuation by AP5 in the neurons. These results suggest that tonic INMDA, mediated by eNMDAR, facilitates AMPAR function, changing the postsynaptic response to its agonists in normal and osmotically challenged SON MNCs.
지역의 특화산업에 관한 연구 : 이론적 접근을 중심으로
임형섭 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 1996 지역개발연구 Vol.28 No.1
Fostering of the regional specialized industries is presented to a counterproposal for cancellation of the regional disequilibrium development problem that it is derived from economic growth process in Korea. Also, at the same time as enforcing of local self-government system, concern of the regional specialized industries those reflect to economic and location condition have raised. But, if each region insist upon the specialized industries selection and location so far regional condition is not considered, new problem relate to regional economics would be derived. Therefore, first of all, the selection of the true specialized industries reflecting to speciality of the regional economic structure is needed. Many research paper related to the selection have announced. However, it is not so vigorous as intention of regional economic activition. This paper present theoretically to a synthesis method of regional specialized industries selection bring on the stable growth of regional economics. This paper suggest as follows. (1) The Regional specialized industries are redefined at the synthetical side as follow ; comparative advantage industry at the competitive, efficiency, spread effect, long-run base power, stability side. (2) Economic effect of the regional specialization lead to directly cost reduction and high productivity through a wide agglomeration effect. At the same time, it is contribute to the regional economic growth, regional employment enlargement, regional economic stability. (3) New criterion and method, but existing papers have not treated, must be considered in the selection of the regional specialized industries. First, the regional specialized industries must take the character of long-run basic sector in the regional economics. This is caused by that regional basic sector employment must maintain long-run equilibrium relation with regional gross employment. Unit root test and cointegration test are used to this analysis method. Second, the regional specialized industries must contribute to the stable structure of regional economics. This is caused by that the optimal specialized industries have to satisfy simultaneously the growth and stability of regional economics. However, the empirical analysis on the basis of this paper require to many data and regulation. Also, upbringing of the regional specialized industries require to practical policy of the center and local government.
Hepatic Resection for Hepatic Metastases from Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Baek, Hyoung-Un,Kim, Sang Bum,Cho, Eung-Ho,Jin, Sung-Ho,Yu, Hang Jong,Lee, Jong-Inn,Bang, Ho-Yoon,Lim, Chang-Sup The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2013 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.13 No.2
Purpose: The effects of hepatic resection on patients with metastatic tumors from gastric adenocarcinomas are unclear. Therefore, we analyzed early clinical outcomes in patients who underwent surgical resection for hepatic metastases from gastric adenocarcinomas. Materials and Methods: From January 2003 to December 2010, 1,508 patients with primary gastric cancers underwent curative gastric resections at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital. Of these patients, 12 with liver-only metastases underwent curative hepatic resection. Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The median follow-up period was 12.5 months (range, 1~85 months); no operative mortalities or major complications were observed. Three patients underwent synchronous resections, and 9 underwent metachronous resections. In the latter group, the median interval between gastrectomy and hepatectomy for hepatic metastasis was 10.5 months (range, 5~47 months). The overall 1- and 5-year survival rates of these 12 patients were 65% and 39%, respectively, with a median overall survival of 31.0 months; 2 patients survived for >5 years. Conclusions: Hepatic resection can be a feasible procedure for treating hepatic metastases from gastric adenocarcinomas. Although this study was small and involved only selected cases, the outcomes of the hepatic resections were comparable and long-term (>5 years) survivors were identified. Surgical resection of the liver can be considered a feasible option in managing hepatic metastases from gastric adenocarcinomas.
Pai, Yoon Hyoung,Lim, Chae Seong,Park, Kyung-Ah,Cho, Hyun Sil,Lee, Gyu-Seung,Shin, Yong Sup,Kim, Hyun-Woo,Jeon, Byeong Hwa,Yoon, Seok Hwa,Park, Jin Bong The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.4
In addition to classical synaptic transmission, information is transmitted between cells via the activation of extrasynaptic receptors that generate persistent tonic current in the brain. While growing evidence supports the presence of tonic NMDA current ($I_{NMDA}$) generated by extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (eNMDARs), the functional significance of tonic $I_{NMDA}$ in various brain regions remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that activation of eNMDARs that generate INMDA facilitates the ${\alpha}$-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionate receptor (AMPAR)-mediated steady-state current in supraoptic nucleus (SON) magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs). In $low-Mg^{2+}$ artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), glutamate induced an inward shift in $I_{holding}$ ($I_{GLU}$) at a holding potential ($V_{holding}$) of -70 mV which was partly blocked by an AMPAR antagonist, NBQX. NBQX-sensitive $I_{GLU}$ was observed even in normal aCSF at $V_{holding}$ of -40 mV or -20 mV. $I_{GLU}$ was completely abolished by pretreatment with an NMDAR blocker, AP5, under all tested conditions. AMPA induced a reproducible inward shift in $I_{holding}$ ($I_{AMPA}$) in SON MNCs. Pretreatment with AP5 attenuated $I_{AMPA}$ amplitudes to ~60% of the control levels in $low-Mg^{2+}$ aCSF, but not in normal aCSF at $V_{holding}$ of -70 mV. $I_{AMPA}$ attenuation by AP5 was also prominent in normal aCSF at depolarized holding potentials. Memantine, an eNMDAR blocker, mimicked the AP5-induced $I_{AMPA}$ attenuation in SON MNCs. Finally, chronic dehydration did not affect $I_{AMPA}$ attenuation by AP5 in the neurons. These results suggest that tonic $I_{NMDA}$, mediated by eNMDAR, facilitates AMPAR function, changing the postsynaptic response to its agonists in normal and osmotically challenged SON MNCs.
Jew, Sang-sup,Yoo, Chi-hyoung,Lim, Doo-yeon,Kim, Heeman,Mook-Jung, Inhee,Jung, Min Whan,Choi, Heesung,Jung, Young-hoon,Kim, Heedoo,Park, Hyeung-geun 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1999 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.11 No.-
Abstract-8 Semi-synthetic derivatives of asiatic acid were prepared and their protective effect against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity was evaluated. Among them, asiatic acid (2), and 4, 16 showed 97, 92 and 87% of protective effect, respectively. ⓒ 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
임형섭,김수관,오지수,정미애,Lim, Hyoung-Sup,Kim, Su-Gwan,Oh, Ji-Su,Jeong, Mi-Ae 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2012 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.34 No.1
Purpose: This study considered the effects and proper treatments of mandibular condyle fractures by comparing clinical differences and complications according to analysis and treatment plan. Methods: From September 2007 to August 2010, patients who were diagnosed with condylar fracture and monitored for more than 3 months were selected. Cases were divided in a reductive manner and evaluated by type and period of intermaxillary fixation (IMF), status of occlusion and trismus according to the Spiessle/Schroll method. A total 50 patients were examined. Results: The number of the unilateral condyle fractures was 45 and 30 patients had multiple fractures. Type of fracture was categorized by the Spiessle/Schroll method. There were 21 patients with type I, 11 patients with type II, 3 patients with type 3, 10 patients with type V and 5 patients with type VI; there were no patients with a type IV fracture. 11 patients were operated on with open reduction. Among them, 9 patients were type II and 2 patients were type I. For type I patients, an intra-oral approach was conducted with an endoscope and trocar. For 3 of the type II patients, an retromandibular approach was conducted and for the rest of the type II patients, the same approach as type I was used. The periods of IMF were 2.36 weeks (mean) in open reduction group and 2.9 weeks (mean) in closed reduction group and the total mean period is 2.78 weeks. All patients had stable occlusion after removing the IMF. Trismus occurred in 1 patient for open reduction and 5 patients for closed reduction. Facial nerve palsy was observed in one patient postoperatively that resolved after 6 months. Conclusion: In this study, similar prognosis was shown after an open and closed reduction was conducted. Therefore, treatments need to be planned depending on the degree of condyle fracture and the amount of displacement. Additionally, the period of IMF could be shortened with open reduction.