Relationship Between Sarcopenia and Albuminuria : The 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Kim, Tae Nyun,Lee, Eun Ju,Hong, Jae Won,Kim, Jung Min,Won, Jong Chul,Kim, Mi Kyung,Noh, Jung Hyun,Ko, Kyung Soo,Rhee, Byoung Doo,Kim, Dong-Jun,Martin., Samantha Wolters Kluwer Health 2016 Medicine Vol.95 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Studies have shown that albuminuria, obesity, and sarcopenia may share pathophysiological processes related to cardiovascular disease risk. Their direct relationships, however, have not been examined. This study investigated the association between albuminuria and sarcopenia in a representative fraction of the Korean population.</P><P>Of the 10,589 people who participated in the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2158 participants aged over 19 years had been tested for albumin-to-creatinine ratio and for body composition data using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Albuminuria was defined as an albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g. Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle index (SMI) (SMI (%) = total appendicular skeletal muscle mass [kg]/weight [kg] × 100) of less than 1 standard deviation (SD) (grade 1) or 2 SD (grade 2) below the sex-specific mean for a younger reference group.</P><P>The prevalence of albuminuria was higher in those with grade 2 sarcopenia than in those with a normal SMI or grade 1 sarcopenia (33.3% versus 8.4% and 8.9%; <I>P</I> < 0.001). Conversely, grade 2 sarcopenia was also more prevalent in participants with albuminuria than in those with the upper tertile of normoalbuminuria. In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis showed the odds ratio for albuminuria risk in the grade 2 sarcopenia group was 2.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46–5.88), compared with normal SMI after adjusting for potential confounding factors, including the presence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Moreover, individuals with albuminuria had an odds ratio of 3.39 (95% [confidence interval], 1.38–8.37) for grade 2 sarcopenia compared with those in the lowest tertile of normoalbuminuria.</P><P>This is the first study to demonstrate that individuals with sarcopenia exhibited increased risk of albuminuria and vice versa.</P>

A Case of COVID-19 with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock

Kim Hong Nyun,이장훈,Park Hun Sik,Yang Dong Heon,Jang Se Yong,Bae Myung Hwan,Cho Yongkeun,Chae Shung Chull,이용훈 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.27

A 60-year-old male patient with coronavirus disease-2019 showed new onset ST-segment elevation in V1–V2 leads on electrocardiogram and cardiac enzyme elevation in intensive care unit. He had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. He was receiving mechanical ventilation and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment for severe hypoxia. Two-D echocardiogram showed regional wall motion abnormalities. We performed primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction complicating cardiogenic shock under hemodynamic support. He expired on the 16th day of admission because of cardiogenic shock and multi-organ failure. Active surveillance and intensive treatment strategy are important for saving lives of COVID-19 patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Postnatal Growth Following Prenatal Lead Exposure and Calcium Intake

Hong, Yun-Chul,Kulkarni, Surabhi Shah,Lim, Youn-Hee,Kim, Eunjeong,Ha, Mina,Park, Hyesook,Kim, Yangho,Kim, Bung-Nyun,Chang, Namsoo,Oh, Se-Young,Kim, Young-Ju,Park, Chooghee,Ha, Eun-hee American Academy of Pediatrics 2014 Pediatrics Vol.134 No.6

<P><B>BACKGROUND:</B></P><P>The effects on postnatal growth of maternal exposure to low levels of lead during pregnancy have not been well established. In addition, information is limited regarding the protective effect of dietary calcium intake during pregnancy against the effect of lead for fetal and postnatal growth. We investigated the relationship between prenatal exposure to lead and growth at birth and 6, 12, and 24 months postnatal, and evaluated the role of calcium intake against the effect of lead.</P><P><B>METHODS:</B></P><P>A total of 1150 pregnant women, and their subsequent offspring, enrolled in a prospective birth cohort study (Mothers and Children's Environmental Health Study), were evaluated. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effects of prenatal maternal blood lead levels on growth at each follow-up.</P><P><B>RESULTS:</B></P><P>The blood lead levels of participating mothers were <5.0 μg/dL and mean levels were 1.25 μg/dL during the early (before 20 gestational weeks) and late (at delivery) gestational periods. Prenatal exposure to lead, particularly in late pregnancy, was significantly associated with a reduction in infantile growth at 24 months. When pregnant women had dietary calcium intake at mean or upper level, the association was not significant. In contrast, lower than mean level of calcium intake intensified the adverse effect of prenatal lead exposure on growth in children.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS:</B></P><P>Prenatal lead exposure <5.0 μg/dL adversely affects postnatal growth and low calcium intake aggravates the effect, indicating more stringent control of lead and sufficient intake of calcium are necessary to help children’s health.</P>

Influence of air pollution on the risk of acute myocardial infarction in Korea

( Hong Nyun Kim ),( Sang Mi Park ),( Se Yong Jang ),( Myung Hwan Bae ),( Dong Heon Yang ),( Hun Sik Park ),( Yongkeun Cho ),( Shung Chull Chae ),( Jang Hoon Lee ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: Air pollution would increase the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of this study is to determine whether a relationship exists between air pollution and the occurrence of AMI in Korea. Methods: From Korean AMI Registry, 4,168 Koreans admitted for AMI in four hospital in Daegu between January 2006 and October 2010 was included in this study. The dates for onset of cardiac symptoms were merged with atmospheric pollutants including atmospheric particulate matter with diameter of 10 micromeres or less (PM10), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Poisson regression model was carried out. Results: There was asignificant negative relation between daily occurrence of AMI and the mean concentration of NO2. A 1/1,000 ppm decrease in mean concentration of NO2 was associated with a 2% increase of occurrence of AMI (β=-0.020, risk ratio=1.020, p<0.0001). This association was consistently observed regardless of gender (β=-0.0195, risk ratio=1.0196, p <0.0001 for males vs. β=-0.0211, risk ratio=1.0213, p<0.0001 for females) and age (β=-0.0210, risk ratio=1.0212, p<0.0001 for <65-years-old vs. β=-0.0192, risk ratio=1.0193, p<0.0001 for ≥65-years-old). There were significant positive relations between daily occurrence of AMI and the mean concentration of CO and SO2. A 1/10 ppm increase in mean concentration of CO (β=0.067, risk ratio=1.069, p<0.0001) and 1/1,000 ppm increase in SO2 (β=0.026, risk ratio=1.026, p=0.0078) were associated with 6.9% and 2.6% increase of occurrence of AMI, respectively. This association, particularly in CO, was stronger in females (β=0.0943, risk ratio=1.099, p<0.001 for females vs. β=0.0529, risk ratio=1.054, p=0.0003 for males) and in the young (β=0.0703, risk ratio=1.073, p<0.0001 for <65-years-old vs. β=0.0627, risk ratio=1.065, p=0.0001 for ≥65-years-old). There were no significant associations between concentrations of PM10 (β=-0.0002, risk ratio=1.0002, p=0.68) and O3 (β=-0.0032, risk ratio= 1.003, p=0.059) and occurrence of AMI. Conclusions: These finding suggests that air pollution have a modest influence on the occurrence of AMI in Korea.

Norepinephrine Genes Predict Response Time Variability and Methylphenidate-Induced Changes in Neuropsychological Function in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Kim, Bung-Nyun,Kim, Jae-Won,Cummins, Tarrant D.R.,Bellgrove, Mark A.,Hawi, Ziarih,Hong, Soon-Beom,Yang, Young-Hui,Kim, Hyo-Jin,Shin, Min-Sup,Cho, Soo-Churl,Kim, Ji-Hoon,Son, Jung-Woo,Shin, Yun-Mi,Chun Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2013 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY Vol.33 No.3

ABSTRACT: Noradrenergic dysfunction may be associated with cognitive impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including increased response time variability, which has been proposed as a leading endophenotype for ADHD. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between polymorphisms in the α-2A-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) and norepinephrine transporter (SLC6A2) genes and attentional performance in ADHD children before and after pharmacological treatment.One hundred one medication-naive ADHD children were included. All subjects were administered methylphenidate (MPH)–OROS for 12 weeks. The subjects underwent a computerized comprehensive attention test to measure the response time variability at baseline before MPH treatment and after 12 weeks. Additive regression analyses controlling for ADHD symptom severity, age, sex, IQ, and final dose of MPH examined the association between response time variability on the comprehensive attention test measures and allelic variations in single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the ADRA2A and SLC6A2 before and after MPH treatment.Increasing possession of an A allele at the G1287A polymorphism of SLC6A2 was significantly related to heightened response time variability at baseline in the sustained (P = 2.0 × 10) and auditory selective attention (P = 1.0 × 10) tasks. Response time variability at baseline increased additively with possession of the T allele at the DraI polymorphism of the ADRA2A gene in the auditory selective attention task (P = 2.0 × 10). After medication, increasing possession of a G allele at the MspI polymorphism of the ADRA2A gene was associated with increased MPH-related change in response time variability in the flanker task (P = 1.0 × 10).Our study suggested an association between norepinephrine gene variants and response time variability measured at baseline and after MPH treatment in children with ADHD. Our results add to a growing body of evidence, suggesting that response time variability is a viable endophenotype for ADHD and suggesting its utility as a surrogate end point for measuring stimulant response in pharmacogenetic studies.

Regional differences in cerebral perfusion associated with the alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor genotypes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Kim, Boong-Nyun,Kim, Jae-Won,Kang, Hyejin,Cho, Soo-Churl,Shin, Min-Sup,Yoo, Hee-Jeong,Hong, Soon-Beom,Lee, Dong Soo Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience] 2010 JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.35 No.5

<P>Background: Neurobiologic studies have suggested that dysregulation of central noradrenergic systems may be involved in the pathophysiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and it has been hypothesized that genetic changes in the norepinephrine pathways might contribute to dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex circuits in ADHD. We previously reported decreased cerebral blood flow in the right lateral prefrontal cortex and both orbitofrontal cortices in children with ADHD. Genetic investigations have shown that the alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRA2A) is associated with ADHD. Our aim was to examine whether the presence of a risk allele of the ADRA2A MspI polymorphism is associated with differences in regional cerebral blood flow in boys with ADHD. Methods: We recruited 21 Korean boys with ADHD (mean age 9.9, standard deviation [SD] 2.7 yr) and 11 age- and sex-matched controls (mean age 10.6 [SD 2.1] yr). Each participant underwent technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ((99m)Tc-HMPAO) single-photon emission computed tomography. We performed image analyses with voxe-wise t statistics using SPM2. Results: We found regional hypoperfusion in the prefrontal regions, including the right orbitofrontal and right medial gyri, and the bilateral putamen and cerebellum in boys with ADHD relative to controls (p < 0.0005, uncorrected for multiple comparisons). Boys with ADHD who carried the C allele (n = 13) at the ADRA2A MspI polymorphism had reduced perfusion in the bilateral orbitofrontal regions compared with those without the C allele (n = 8) (p < 0.0005, uncorrected for multiple comparisons). Limitations: This study was limited by the small sample size, and we did not obtain genetic data from the controls. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that regional differences in cerebral perfusion in the orbitofrontal cortex represent an intermediate neuroimaging phenotype associated with the ADRA2A MspI polymorphism; these data support the validity of the noradrenergic hypothesis regarding the pathophysiology of ADHD.</P>

The Effect of Prenatal Cadmium Exposure on Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in 6-Year-old Children in Korea

Kim, Woosung,Jang, Yoonyoung,Lim, Youn-Hee,Kim, Bung-Nyun,Shin, Choong Ho,Lee, Young Ah,Kim, Johanna Inhyang,Hong, Yun-Chul The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2020 예방의학회지 Vol.53 No.1

Objectives: Prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure may be associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the relationship between Cd exposure during gestation and ADHD at 6 years of age. Methods: As part of an ongoing cohort study (the Environment and Development of Children study), 479 mother-child pairs from Seoul, Korea were included for analysis between 2008 and 2011. The whole blood concentration of Cd was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The parents were surveyed about ADHD behaviors in their children at age 6. Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between prenatal exposure to Cd and ADHD at 6 years of age. Results: Increased prenatal Cd concentrations were associated with increased scores for ADHD for girls, but not for boys, at age 6. A 2-fold increase in the prenatal Cd level was significantly associated with a 22.3% (95% confidence interval, 11.6 to 34.1) increase in ADHD in girls at 6 years of age, as indicated by the linear regression model. Conclusions: Our results identified significant associations between prenatal Cd exposure and ADHD scores in 6-year-old girls.

Three Penaeid Species (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) from the Southeastern Coast of Korea

Kim, Jung Nyun,Choi, Jung Hwa,Kim, Sung Tae,Cha, Hyung Kee,Hong, Sung Yun 한국수산학회 2002 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.5 No.3

Three penaeid species, Penaeus monodon, P. semisulcatus and Metapenaeopsis lata are reported from the southeastern coast of Korea. P. monodon and P. semisucatus have been incorrectly known so far as P. bubulus and P. monodon, respectively, in Korea. M. lata is the first record of this species from Korean waters. Morphological diagnoses are given with coloration and distribution for the three species.

Prognostic impact of chromogranin A in patients with acute heart failure

( Hong Nyun Kim ),( Dong Heon Yang ),( Bo Eun Park ),( Yoon Jung Park ),( Hyeon Jeong Kim ),( Se Yong Jang ),( Myung Hwan Bae ),( Jang Hoon Lee ),( Hun Sik Park ),( Yongkeun Cho ),( Shung Chull Chae ) 영남대학교 의과대학 2021 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.38 No.4

Background: Chromogranin A (CgA) levels have been reported to predict mortality in patients with heart failure. However, information on the prognostic value and clinical availability of CgA is limited. We compared the prognostic value of CgA to that of previously proven natriuretic peptide biomarkers in patients with acute heart failure. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 272 patients (mean age, 68.5±15.6 years; 62.9% male) who underwent CgA test in the acute stage of heart failure hospitalization between June 2017 and June 2018. The median follow-up period was 348 days. Prognosis was assessed using the composite events of 1-year death and heart failure hospitalization. Results: In-hospital mortality rate during index admission was 7.0% (n=19). During the 1-year follow-up, a composite event rate was observed in 12.1% (n=33) of the patients. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for predicting 1-year adverse events were 0.737 and 0.697 for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and CgA, respectively. During follow-up, patients with high CgA levels (>158 pmol/L) had worse outcomes than those with low CgA levels (≤158 pmol/L) (85.2% vs. 58.6%, p<0.001). When stratifying the patients into four subgroups based on CgA and NT-proBNP levels, patients with high NT-proBNP and high CgA had the worst outcome. CgA had an incremental prognostic value when added to the combination of NT-proBNP and clinically relevant risk factors. Conclusion: The prognostic power of CgA was comparable to that of NT-proBNP in patients with acute heart failure. The combination of CgA and NT-proBNP can improve prognosis prediction in these patients.

Remifentanil Protects Human Keratinocyte Through Autophagic Expression

Kim, Eok Nyun,Park, Chang Hoon,Woo, Mi Na,Yoon, Ji Young,Park, Bong Soo,Kim, Yong Ho,Kim, Cheul Hong The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2014 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.14 No.2

Background: Remifentanil, an ultra-short-acting mu-opioid receptor agonist, is unique from other opioids because of its esterase-based metabolism, minimal accumulation, and very rapid onset and offset of clinical action. Remifentanil can prevent the inflammatory response and can suppress inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in a septic mouse model. However, the effects of remifentanil on human keratinocyte and autophagy have yet to be fully elucidated during hypoxia-reoxygenation. Here we investigated whether remifentanil confers protective effect against hypoxia-reoxygenation in human keratinocyte and, if so, whether autophagy mediates this effect. Methods: The human keratinocytes were cultured under 1% oxygen tension. The cells were gassed with 94% $N_2$, and 5% $CO_2$ and incubated for 24 h at $37^{\circ}C$. To determine whether the administration of affects human keratinocytes hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, cells were then exposed to various concentrations of remifentanil (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ng/ml) for 2 h. After remifentanil treatment, to simulate reoxygenation and recovery, the cells were reoxygenated for 12 h at $37^{\circ}C$. Control group did not receive remifentanil treatment. Normoxia group did not receive hypoxia and remifentanil treatment for 36 h. 3-MA group was treated 3-methyladenine (3-MA) for 1h before remifentanil treatment. Cell viability was measured using a quantitative colorimetric assay with MTT, showing the mitochondrial activity of living cells. Cells were stained with fluorescence and analyzed with Western blot analysis to find out any relations with activation of autophagy. Results: Prominent accumulation of autophagic specific staining MDC was observed around the nuclei in RPT group HaCaT cells. Similarly, AO staining, red fluorescent spots appeared in RPT group HaCaT cells, while the Normoxia, control and 3-MA groups showed mainly green cytoplasmic fluorescence. We here examined activation of autophagy related protein under H/R-induced cells by Western blotting analysis. Atg5, Beclin-1, LC3-II (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 form II) and p62 was elevated in RPT group cells. But they were decreased when autophagy was suppressed by 3-MA (Fig. 5). Conclusions: Although the findings of this study are limited to an in vitro interpretation, we suggest that remifentanil may have a beneficial effect in the recovery of wound from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.