5월 19일, 여성들은 혜화역에 어떻게 모였나?

김해원(Hae Won Kim),박동숙(Dongsook Park),이재원(Jae Won Lie),정사강(Sa Gahng Jung),강혜원(Hye Won Kang),백지연(Gi Yeon Baek) 사단법인 언론과 사회 2018 언론과 사회 Vol.26 No.4

‘홍대모델 몰카사건’으로 명명되었던 불법촬영 범죄 사건에 대한 수사가 이례적으로 급속하게 진행되면서, 이에 불편함을 느낀 여성들이 온라인에서 규합하였고 5월 19일에 거리 시위를 조직하였다. 본 연구에서는 ‘혜화역시위’ 사례의 의제화와 조직화 과정을 통해 포스트미디어 시대의 사회운동이 갖는 특성을 고찰했다. 온라인 참여관찰을 통해 약 2주라는 짧은 시간 동안 온라인 공간에서 주류 언론의 해석을 뒤집고, 사건을 ‘불법촬영 편파수사’로 새롭게 의제화하고, ‘동일범죄 동일처벌’을 구호로 내세우게 된 과정에 주목했다. 이어서 ‘불법촬영 편파수사 규탄시위’를 오프라인 거리 집회로 조직하는 과정에서 나타난 새로운 조직화양상을 규명하고자 했다. ‘홍대사건’ 피의자에 대한 주류 언론의 보도가 온라인 공간에서 재해석되고, ‘불법촬영’이슈에 관련된 산발적이고 파편화된 사적발화가 공적 담론으로 정리되어 나갈 수 있었던 것은 지난 3∼4년간 트위터, 메신저, 커뮤니티 등에서 느슨한 여성 연대의 네트워크가 공감대를 형성하며 ‘연결행동(connective action)’을 창출했기 때문으로 보인다. 또한 포털 사이트의 ‘카페’를 임시 아지트로 삼아 빠른 시일 내에 오프라인 시위를 조직화하는 과정은 기존의 사회 조직과 의식적으로 차별화되는 행동 규율을 만들어 나가는 과정과 병행되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 연구 결과, 혜화역시위 사례는 선행연구들과 유사한 ‘네트워크된 사회운동(networked social movement)’의 특성을 보여 주었지만, 동시에 한국 사회 페미니즘 운동이 갖는 특수한 맥락이 주요한 차이를 빚어내는 모습 또한 드러냈다. 앞으로 선행연구들이 간과한 젠더 관점의 논의가 더욱 심도 깊게 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다. Disturbed with the discriminating investigation of the ‘Hongdae Molka (spycam video)’ incident where a woman had taken a photo of a naked male model and uploaded it online, women all over South Korea organized and rallied over the Internet. This led to tens of thousands of women gathering around Haewha Station on May 19th to protest the injustice-the investigation would never have concluded so swiftly had it been a man. This study focuses on examining the characteristics and impact of the post-media era’s social movement through the process of shaping the agenda and organizing the ‘Haewha Station Protest’. Specifically, using the method of online participant observation, we attempt to answer two important questions. First, we focus on how over a short period of only two (2) weeks, these women were able to overturn the position of mainstream media via the Internet. Specifically, the incident was newly proclaimed as a ‘Biased Investigation of Spycam Videos,’ and set forth ‘Equal punishment for Equal crime’ slogans. We believe that the primary reason for the social media discourse switching its focus on the Hongdae incident from a typical gossip story to a serious gender issue is due to the last 3-4 years of Twitter, messenger apps, online communities, etc. provided a foundation for women to establish consensus and create connective action by sharing their cynicisms and emotions of anger toward how the society as a whole unfairly handled misogyny-related crimes in the past. Also, we intend to identify the new organizational patterns resulting from transitioning online protests to street rallies. We can observe protesters establishing a temporary headquarter, by means of an ‘Online Café,’ allowing them to easily and quickly organize a street rally. Establishing connectivity through multidimensional social networks functioned as an effective organizing mechanism among the protesters. During this process, female participants adopted various protocols to mitigate exposure and protect themselves from further injustice by excluding male participants and wearing masks in the protest, thus differentiating themselves from other traditional social movements. As a result, we found that although the ‘Haewha Station Protest’ displayed similar characteristics to previous researches on ‘networked social movement,’ it simultaneously revealed that this protest needed to be addressed and examined within a particular context of South Korea’s feminist movement. As such, future studies must dive deeper into discussions on previously overlooked gender perspectives on social movements.

크리에이터에게 이용자와 ‘상호작용’한다는 것은 무슨 의미인가? 인터넷 개인방송 창작자에 관한 에스노그래피

김해원 ( Hae Won Kim ),강혜원 ( Hye Won Kang ),백지연 ( Gi Yeon Baek ) 방송문화진흥회 2018 방송과 커뮤니케이션 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구는 인터넷 개인방송 창작자가 이용자와의 상호작용을 어떻게 정의하고 활용하는지 알아보기 위해, 인터넷 개인방송 제작현장과 결과물에 대한 탐색적 연구를 진행했다. 콘텐츠 제작현장 참여관찰과 심층 인터뷰를 통해 인터넷 개인방송 창작자는 상호작용 그 자체를 목표로 추구하기보다는 하나의 전술로 활용한다는 것을 파악할 수 있었다. 창작자는 상호작용을 상황에 따라 다르게 평가했고, 플랫폼의 기술적 특성 및 이용자 규모 등에 맞춰 상호작용의 방식과 질을 조절하고 있었다. 이러한 특징은 인터넷 개인방송이 핫미디어적 속성과 쿨미디어적 속성을 가진 복합적 미디어라는 특성과 결합됐다. 창작자는 이용자의 규모나 콘텐츠 장르 등의 요건에 따라 콘텐츠 자체의 완성도와 밀도를 높이기도 하고, 실시간으로 함께하는 이용자들과의 대화와 유대감을 진작시키는 것에 더 초점을 맞추기도 했다. 즉, 기존 레거시 미디어의 창작자에게는 부여되지 않았던 디지털미디어 플랫폼의 상호작용적 어포던스(affordance)를 ‘주어진 환경’으로 여기면서 복수의 플랫폼과 복수의 콘텐츠 양식의 선택지를 갖고, 이용자 참여(engagement)와 내러티브 몰입(immersion)을 조정하는 것이 인터넷 개인방송 창작자의 주된 업무라고 할 수 있을 것이다. This study explores how personal broadcast producers define their interaction with viewers. We conducted an in-depth interview of the creator in YouTube, participant observation in live-stream broadcasting uploaded in KakaoTV, and qualitative contents analysis of VOD. The result shows that personal broadcast producers regard interaction as a means rather than a goal. They adjust a level of interaction with their viewers according to the technological characteristics of each platform and size of the viewers. This strategy is combined with the characteristics of the Internet as a complex media including hot media and cool media attributes. The Youtuber have focused not only on enhancing the completeness and density of the content itself, but also on promoting dialogue and establishing a bond with the viewers. In other words, considering the interactive affordances of the digital media platform as a ‘given environment,’ the main goal of personal broadcast producers is to induce an engagement and immersion of viewers.

Hot Water Extract of Triticum aestivum L. (Common Wheat) Ameliorates Renal Injury by Inhibiting Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion

( Hae Sook Baek ),( Sun Ha Lim ),( Ki Sung Ahn ),( Jong Won Lee ) 대한본초학회 2013 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

Objectives : Interruption and subsequent restoration of blood flow into the kidney result in renal injury. As an approach to preventing the renal injury, we determined the optimal conditions and the underlying mechanisms by which supernatant of hot water extract of ground Triticum aestivum L. (extract) attenuated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods : One hour after administration of the extract (400 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection, renal I/R injury was generated by clamping the left renal artery in rats after surgical removal of the right kidney, followed by reperfusion. The maximal difference between the vehicle-treated and the extract-treated group under ketamine/xylazine or enflurane anesthetization was assessed at varying periods of ischemia (30-45 min) and reperfusion (3-48 hr), based on the renal function assessed with serum creatinine levels, tissue injury with hematoxylin/eosin staining, and apoptosis with terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. Results : Enflurane anesthetization with 40 min of ischemia and 24 hr of reperfusion was identified to be the optimal condition, under which condition serum creatinine levels and tubular damage in the extract-treated group were significantly reduced compared with those in the vehicle-treated group (1.3±0.2 versus 2.7±0.3 mg/dL, P < 0.01, and average score 1.8±0.1 versus 3.5±0.3, P < 0.01, respectively). These beneficial effects were mediated by inhibition of apoptotic cascades through attenuation of renal tissue malondialdehyde levels, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 levels. Conclusions : The extract conferred renal protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by scavenging reactive oxygen species and consequently blocking apoptotic cascades, plausibly augmented by enflurane protection.

3 cases of acute urticaria with elevated D-dimer level showing response to tranexamic acid therapy

( Won Ung Shin ),( Yoo Sang Baek ),( Jiehyun Jeon ),( Hae Jun Song ) 대한피부과학회 2012 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.64 No.1

구리 이온을 도입한 PAN과 A-PAN의 도전성에 관한 연구

백중현,송해영,손원근,여창열 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1990 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.5 No.2

The PAN-Cu(Ⅱ) and A-PAN-Cu(Ⅱ) complexes were the most stable in the pH 11. The morphology of CuxS-induced PAN, A-PAN had changed into compact form. The Cu(Ⅱ) complex exhibited surface resistivity around 10Ω㎝ when modified iodine in acetone. The resistivity was significantly affected by the amounts of added cupric chloride, iodine and results were satisfactorily obtained by adding more than 20wt% of cupric chloride and about 3wt% iodine. The optimum conduction for the introducing of CuxS was at the CuSO₄concentration of 30g/ℓand the reaction time of 3hrs. The electrical conductivity of CuxS-induced PAN and A-PAN was higher by order of 10-⁴than of the Cu(Ⅱ)complex.

A case of follicular mycosis fungoides treated with acitretin and electron beam therapy (초)

( Won Ung Shin ),( Yoo Sang Baek ),( Tae Seok Oh ),( Hae Jun Song ),( Chil Hwan Oh ),( Soo Bin Son ) 대한피부과학회 2011 초록집 Vol.49 No.10

Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion of zinc oxide nanoparticles

Baek, Miri,Chung, Hae-Eun,Yu, Jin,Lee, Jung-A,Kim, Tae-Hyun,Oh, Jae-Min,Lee, Won-Jae,Paek, Seung-Min,Lee, Jong Kwon,Jeong, Jayoung,Choy, Jin-Ho,Choi, Soo-Jin Dove Medical Press 2012 International journal of nanomedicine Vol.7 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>This study explored the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion profile of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with respect to their particle size in rats.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Two ZnO nanoparticles of different size (20 nm and 70 nm) were orally administered to male and female rats, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve, tissue distribution, excretion, and the fate of the nanoparticles in organs were analyzed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The plasma zinc concentration of both sizes of ZnO nanoparticles increased during the 24 hours after administration in a dose-dependent manner. They were mainly distributed to organs such as the liver, lung, and kidney within 72 hours without any significant difference being found according to particle size or rat gender. Elimination kinetics showed that a small amount of ZnO nanoparticles was excreted via the urine, while most of nanoparticles were excreted via the feces. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy studies in the tissues showed no noticeable ZnO nanoparticles, while new Zn-S bonds were observed in tissues.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>ZnO nanoparticles of different size were not easily absorbed into the bloodstream via the gastrointestinal tract after a single oral dose. The liver, lung, and kidney could be possible target organs for accumulation and toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles was independent of particle size or gender. ZnO nanoparticles appear to be absorbed in the organs in an ionic form rather than in a particulate form due to newly formed Zn-S bonds. The nanoparticles were mainly excreted via the feces, and smaller particles were cleared more rapidly than the larger ones. ZnO nanoparticles at a concentration below 300 mg/kg were distributed in tissues and excreted within 24 hours. These findings provide crucial information on possible acute and chronic toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles in potential target organs.</P>

Effect of Methanol Extract from Cassia mimosoides var. nomame on Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Renal Injury in Rats

( Hae Sook Baek ),( Sun Ha Lim ),( Ki Sung Ahn ),( Jong Won Lee ) 대한본초학회 2013 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.28 No.6

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the methanol extract of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino, a naturally growing plant in Korea, could prevent the renal-ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model or not. Methods : The radical scavenging activities of the extracts, and ascorbic acid as a positive control, were measured in vitro. At one hour after an intraperitoneal injection of the extract (400 mg/kg), renal ischemia/reperfusion injury was generated by 40 min clamping of the left renal artery in rats. After renal ischemia/reperfusion and 24 hr restoration of blood circulation, the serum creatinine concentration was measured. And the extent of epithelial cell injury and apoptosis was assessed by various staining technologies. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activated caspase-3 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results : The extract showed a slightly lower level of radical scavenging activity than that of ascorbic acid. Compared to those of the vehicle-treated group, the extract-treated group displayed a significantly smaller tubular epithelial cell injury of 54% reduction in the outer medulla region and a lower serum creatinine concentration of 50% reduction. It seems that the reduction in cellular injury is due to the attenuation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and the inhibition of caspase-3 activation by the extract of Cassia mimosoides. Conclusions : Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino could be a good candidate for a prophylactic agent against the ischemia/reperfusion?induced kidney injury.

Increased Expression of c-jun in the Bile Acid-Induced Apoptosis in Mouse F9 Teratocarcinoma Stem Cells

Baek, Jin-Hyen,Kang, Chang-Mo,Chung, Hae-Young,Park, Myung-Hwan,Kim, Kyu-Won Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 1996 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.29 No.1

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), secondary bile acids, have been shown to have a cell differentiation activity in mouse F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells. Treatment with bile acids induced morphological changes, including cytoplasmic and nuclear membrane blebbing, aggregation of organelles, and chromatin condensation, corresponding to apoptosis. Moreover, the bile acids induced intemucleosomal DNA fragmentation, a hallmark of apoptosis. In addition, the expression of c-jun was increased, but that of c-myc and laminin was decreased during apoptosis induced by the bile acids in F9 cells. These results suggest that the bile acids can induce apoptosis in F9 cells. Furthermore, the c-jun expression may be related to the apoptosis induced by UDCA or LCA in F9 cells.

Domestic reuse status of invasive turtle species Trachemys scripta in South Korea

Hae-jun Baek,Soyeon Cho,Minjeong Seok,Joo-won Shin,Dae-in Kim,Su-Hwan Kim,Yujin Jeong 한국양서ㆍ파충류학회 2023 한국양서·파충류학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.07

The pond slider (Trachemys scripta) was designated as an invasive alien species in South Korea in 2001. Although the prevention and control of invasive species have received considerable attention worldwide, studies on the current status and effective management of T. scripta in South Korea are lacking. This study aimed to elucidate the status of domestic reuse of T. scripta and provide effective management suggestions. Analysis of the National Institute of Ecology's “Nationwide Survey of Non-native Species in Korea” conducted from 2015 to 2022 confirmed the habitats of 1,440 T. scripta individuals at 295 sites. T. scripta is the most frequently observed among invasive turtles identified in the Korean Peninsula. To determine the reuse of T. scripta, 13 traditional markets were surveyed; five markets were confirmed to have T. scripta. Although the exact distribution route is unknown, individuals living or abandoned in the region might be resold in the market. T. scripta is mostly sold for ritual purposes. Moreover, T. scripta accounted for 31% of freshwater turtles abandoned between 2019 and 2022. Their continuous reuse has been confirmed 22 years after their designation as an invasive alien species. Therefore, effective and fundamental management measures for T. scripta are required.