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Photocatalytic treatment of detergent-contaminated wastewater: A short review on current progress
Collin Glen Joseph,Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap,Nur Ammarah Affandi,Janice Lay Hui Nga,Veena Vijayan 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.3
Detergents are emerging contaminants in water that require immediate attention due to their widespread use industrially and domestically. However, review articles on detergent treatment methods are not readily available in the literature as this topic is often overlooked. Various oxidation techniques have been applied to eliminate surfactants from the effluents completely. The photocatalytic treatment method is one of the most promising environmentalfriendly oxidation technologies to degrade organic pollutants. Photocatalysis using TiO2 as a catalyst shows outstanding properties, including excellent thermal and chemical stability, nontoxicity, and high photocatalytic degradation ability towards most of the organic compounds present in the wastewater. This paper reviews the research on photocatalytic degradation of detergent contaminated wastewater and the parameters that affect the semiconductor's photocatalytic activity. Lastly, critical remarks are also presented on the photodegradation treatment of laundry detergent wastewater, the economic feasibility of photodegradation treatment on an industrial scale, and suggestions for future work.
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Medication non-adherence in inflammatory bowel diseases is associated with disability
( Jonathan Perry ),( Andy Chen ),( Viraj Kariyawasam ),( Glen Collins ),( Chee Choong ),( Wei Ling Teh ),( Nikola Mitrev ),( Friedbert Kohler ),( Rupert Wing Loong Leong ) 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.4
Background/Aims: Medication non-adherence is common in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The short-term conse quences of non-adherence include increased disease relapse but the long-term impact upon patients in terms of daily func tional impairment are less well characterized. Identifying negative outcomes, such as disability, may encourage adherence. Methods: Consecutive ambulatory IBD subjects completed the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS; non-adherence defined as ≤16), Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Disability Index (IBD-DI; disability: <3.5) and Beliefs about Medicines Question naire (high necessity/concerns: ≥16). The primary outcome was the association between medication non-adherence and dis ability. Secondary outcomes were the predictors of these outcomes. Results: A total of 173 subjects on IBD maintenance med ications were recruited (98 Crohn’s disease, 75 ulcerative colitis: median IBD-DI, -5.0; interquartile range [IQR], -14.0 to 4.0 and median MARS, 19.0; IQR, 18 to 20) of whom 24% were non-adherent. Disability correlated significantly with medication non-adherence (r=0.38, P<0.0001). Median IBD-DI for non-adherers was significantly lower than adherers (-16.0 vs. -2.0, P<0.0001). Predictors of disability included female sex (P=0.002), previous hospitalization (P=0.023), management in a referral hospital clinic (P=0.008) and medication concerns (P<0.0001). Non-adherence was independently associated with difficulty managing bowel movements (odds ratio [OR], 3.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-9.16, P=0.005), rectal bleeding (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.14-6.36; P=0.024) and arthralgia/arthritis (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.11-5.92; P=0.028). Conclusions: Medication non-adherence was associated with significantly increased disability in IBD. Female gender, higher disease severity and medication concerns were additional predictors of disability. (Intest Res 2018;16:571-578)
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