Review : Cellular and Molecular Basis of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome

( Cristina Martinez ),( Ana Gonzalez Castro ),( Maria Vicario ),( Javier Santos ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2012 Gut and Liver Vol.6 No.3

The etiopathogenesis of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, is not well known. The most accepted hypothesis is that IBS is the result of the disturbance of the ``brain-gut axis.`` Although the pathophysiological mechanisms of intestinal dysfunction are complex and not completely understood, stress, infections, gut flora, and altered immune response are thought to play a role in IBS development. The intestinal barrier, composed of a single-cell layer, forms a physical barrier that separates the intestinal lumen from the internal milieu. The loss of integrity of this barrier is related with mucosal immune activation and intestinal dysfunction in IBS. The number of mast cells and T lymphocytes is increased in the intestinal mucosa of certain IBS patients, and the mediators released by these cells could compromise the epithelial barrier function and alter nerve signaling within the enteric nervous system. The association of clinical symptoms to structural and functional abnormali-ties of the mucosal barrier in IBS patients highlights the importance of understanding the physiological role of the gut barrier in the pathogenesis of this disorder. This review sum-marizes the clinical and experimental evidences indicating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of IBS symptomatol-ogy, and its relevance for future translational research. (Gut Liver 2012;6:305-315)

Neuroprotective Effects of Acrocomia aculeata Pulp Oil Microcapsules on Rats Subjected to Chronic Stress

Ana Cristina Jacobowski,Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto,Leonardo Recena Aydos,Roberta Serafim de Souza,Sandra Viveros,Ana Laura Colín-Gonzalez,Iandara Schettert Silva,Eliana Janet Sanjinez-Argandoña,Danil 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.10

Acrocomia aculeata fruits are rich in monounsaturated fatty acid, β-carotene, tocopherol, and other antioxidant compounds. The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the protective effects of A. aculeata pulp oil and microencapsulated pulp oil on brain oxidative damage induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS) in rats (cortex, hippocampus, and striatum). Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into six treatment groups: C, P, and M groups received 1 μL/g of body weight of distilled water, pulp oil, and pulp oil microcapsules by daily gavage, respectively. The SC, SP, and SM groups received 1 μL/g of body weight of distilled water, pulp oil, and pulp oil microcapsules by daily gavage, respectively, and were then subjected to uninterrupted 6 h of CRS. After 21 days of testing, the rats were euthanized and the brain tissue of the groups was removed for evaluation for oxidative damage markers and antioxidant enzymes. Endpoints of oxidative stress (OS) markers (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and reduced glutathione [GSH]) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) were evaluated. By imposing chronic stress on rats, pulp oil and microcapsules of pulp oil induced positive antioxidant responses, mainly by increasing the GSH content, increasing the ability of neural tissues to deal with inherent OS, thus protecting against neurodegenerative diseases. The administration of A. aculeata pulp oil and microencapsulated pulp oil made the reversal of the oxidant parameters, which may protect the brain tissue of rats altered by CRS. The Clinical Trial Registration number: n° 1.008/2018 CEUA/UFMS.

Characterization and evaluation of liver fibrosis grade in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and normal transaminases

( San Juan Lopez Cristina ),( Casado Martin Marta ),( Gonzalez Sanchez Mercedes ),( Porcel Martin Almudena ),( Hernandez Martinez Alvaro ),( Vega Saenz Jose Luis ),( Parron Carreno Tesifon ) 대한간학회 2018 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.24 No.4

Backgrounds/Aims: The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological, laboratory, and serological characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and normal transaminases. The study also aimed to evaluate liver damage by measuring the liver fibrosis (LF) grade and to identify possible factors associated with the presence of fibrosis. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in patients with chronic HBV infection and classified as inactive carriers or immune-tolerant. Epidemiological variables of age, sex, immigrant, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI), as well as virological variables (HBV DNA) and transaminase level were collected throughout the follow-up. The LF grade was evaluated by transient elastography. The cutoff value for significant fibrosis (SF) was liver stiffness ≥7.9 kPa. Results: A total of 214 patients were included in the analysis, and 62% of them had a BMI ≥25 kg/㎡. During follow-up, 4% of patients showed transaminase elevation (<1.5 times normal). Most patients had a viral DNA level <2,000 IU/mL (83%). Data on LF were available in 160 patients; of these, 14% had SF, 9% F3, and 6% F4. The variables associated with the presence of SF were transaminase alteration during follow-up, as 23% of patients with SF had elevated transaminases versus 3% of patients without SF (P<0.005), and BMI, as the vast majority of patients with SF (88%) had a BMI ≥25 kg/㎡ versus 56% of patients without SF (P<0.05). Conclusions: In patients with chronic HBV infection and normal transaminases, liver damage does not seem to be related to DNA levels, alcohol consumption, or immigrant status. SF seems to be associated with transaminase alteration during follow-up and elevated BMI. It is therefore recommended to measure LF grade with validated non-invasive methods in such patients. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2018;24:384-391)

Separation Technology, Thermodynamics : Mixing properties of propyl acetate+aromatic hydrocarbons at 298.15 K

( Jose M. Resa ),( Cristina Gonzalez ),( Soraya Prieto ),( Elena Diez ),( Miguel Iglesias ) 한국화학공학회 2006 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.23 No.1

Poster Session : PS 0308 ; Geriatrics : HIP Fracture Prognosis in Patients with and Without Hyponatremia

( Nora Angelica Fuentes ),( Diego Hernan Giunta ),( Cristina Maria Elizondo ),( Fernan Gonzalez Bernaldo De Quiros ),( Gabriel Dario Waisman ),( Juan Carlos Ayus ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Hip Fracture (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly. Related complications are cardiovascular (CVD), sepsis and venous thromboembolism (VTE), deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In recent studies, chronic hyponatremia was observed to be an independent risk factor for hip fracture, nevertheless there is no evidence on prognosis of these patients compared to patients without hyponatremia. Objective: To compare the prognosis and complications of HF in normonatremic patients (N) and hyponatremic patients (H). Methods: Retrospective cohort of hospitalized patients with HF, followed up to 30 days after diagnosis, at Hospital Italiano of Buenos Aires. Presence of complications (sepsis, DVT, PE, and CVD), hospital length of stay, mortality and readmission were evaluated. Results: 1571 patients were included, 76, 7% (1205) for N and 23, 3% (366) for H. Most patients were female, 82. 5% and 79. 8% for H and N respectively. H were older, 85 vs. 82 years (p<0. 001). Sepsis was the most frequent complication for H (OR 1. 7, 95% CI: 1. 13-2. 6). Length of stay was 7 days vs. 8 days (p=0. 053) for N and H. Readmissions were 12. 9% for N vs. 15. 8% for H (p=0. 14). Hospital mortality was minor for N than for H (14. 7% vs. 19. 9%; p=0. 016), crude OR was 1. 45 (1. 07-1. 96) and adjusted OR was 1. 15 (0. 84-1. 6). Survival was higher for N than for H (p<0. 001). Crude hazard ratio (HR) of death for H compared to N was 1. 8 (1. 4-2. 35) and adjusted HR was 1. 45 (1. 1-1. 9). Conclusions: Hyponatremic patients have higher risk of sepsis, hospital length of stay and mortality. Thus hyponatremia could represent a marker of severity of underlying diseases or be a consequence of treatments during the surgical procedures, it could serve as alert for potential risk on outcome of these patients.

Effect of tartrazine on digestive enzymatic activities: in vivo and in vitro studies

Fatma Zohra Ameur,Nabila Mehedi,Cristina Soler Rivas,Antonio Gonzalez,Omar Kheroua,Djamel Saidi 한국독성학회 2020 Toxicological Research Vol.36 No.2

Tartrazine (E102) is a synthetic food coloring, which belongs to the class of mono azo dyes and is known to cause numerous health problems. The current research aimed to evaluate the effect of this food dye on the enzymatic activity of amylase, lipase and proteases after a subchronic ingestion in Swiss mice. Additionally, an in vitro digestion model was used to highlight the relationship between the probable toxicity of tartrazine and the nature of the food ingested. The results show that there were no adverse effects of tartrazine on the body weight gain, and on amylase or lipase activities. However, in the high dose of tartrazine (0.05%) group, a significant decrease in trypsin and chymotrypsin enzymatic activities were observed. Regarding the in vitro digestion model, our findings show that there were no changes in the trypsin and chymotrypsin enzymatic activities either using 7.5 or 75 mg of tartrazine mixed with rice, butter or milk. We conclude that excessive consumption of tartrazine appears to alter the enzymatic activity of proteases in vivo which may have deleterious consequences on digestion. Even thought the dose close to the acceptable daily intake does not affect those activities, a strict control of tartrazine dose in high-consumption foods especially among children is an indispensable task.

Whey Versus Soy Protein Diets and Renal Status in Rats

Virginia A. Aparicio,Elena Nebot,Mohamed Tassi,Daniel Camiletti-Moiron,Cristina Sanchez-Gonzalez,Jesus M. Porres,Pilar Aranda 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.9

Different dietary protein sources can promote different renal statuses. We examined the effects of whey protein (WP) and soy protein (SP) intake on plasma, urinary, and morphological renal parameters in rats. One hundred and twenty Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 2 experimental groups fed with either WP or SP diets over 12 weeks. These diets were based on commercial WP or SP isolates. The urinary calcium content was higher in the WP diet compared to the SP diet group (P < .001) whereas the urinary citrate level was lower (P < .001). The urinary pH was more acidic in the WP diet group compared to the SP diet group (P < .001); however, no differences were observed between the groups for any of the renal morphological parameters analyzed (all, P > .05) or other plasma renal markers such as albumin or urea concentrations. The increase of acid and urinary calcium and the lower urinary citrate level observed in the WP diet group could increase the incidence of nephrolithiasis compared to the SP diet group. Despite the WP showed poorer acid-base profile, no significant morphological renal changes were observed. These results suggest that the use of SP instead of WP appears to promote a more alkaline plasma and urinary profile, with their consequent renal advantages.