섬진강 주변 지하수의 수질 및 오염특성: 오염원 및 유해성 평가

나춘기(Choon-Ki Na),손창인(Chang-In Son) 대한자원환경지질학회 2005 자원환경지질 Vol.38 No.3

섬진강 유역 지하수는 주로 높은 EC의 Na-Cl형과 낮은 EC의 Na-HCO 3 - 형으로 분리되며, K + , Mg 2+ , NO 3 - 및 SO 4 2- 성분이 부화된 특성을 보인다. 일반적으로 지하수의 EC가 증가할수록 TDS에서 차지하는 Na + +Cl - 의 당량분율은 증가한다. 용존이온들간 상관유형으로부터 Na + 와 Cl - 은 주로 침투된 해수에서 유래되며, K + , Mg 2+ 및 SO 4 2- 은화학비료와 같은 인위오염원에서 주로 유래됨을 알 수 있다. 농업용수 수질기준과 비교하여 그 기준을 초과하는 지하 수는 해수침입을 반영하는 Cl - 의 경우 조사대상 관정의 23%인 반면 인위적 오염원을 대표하는 NO 3 - 의 경우 전체의 50%에 달한다. EC-SAR관계를 바탕으로 한 지하수의 유해성 평가에서 조사대상 지하수의 40%만이 농업용수로서 소다질화와 염류화를 초래할 가능성이 없는 적정한 수질을 나타낸다. 결론적으로 섬진강 유역 지하수의 수질저하를 초래한 오염원은 화학비료의 사용과 해수침입이다. 또한 모든 결과들은 화학비료의 사용이 연구지역의 지하수 오염에 가장 폭넓게 영향을 미치며, 일부 특정지역에서는 강쪽으로의 해수역류 확대라는 일차적 요인과 지하수의 과다양수라는 이차적 요인에 의해 섬진강으로부터 해수가 대수층으로 침투되어 더욱 지하수질이 악화되고 있음을 시사한다. The groundwaters in the basin of Seomjin River are classified mainly into Na-Cl type with high EC and NaHCO 3 type with low EC, and are characterized by enriched K + , Mg 2+ , NO 3 - , and SO 4 2- contents. The epm fraction of Na + +Cl - in TDS increases in general with increasing EC of groundwater. The correlation patterns among dissolved ions indicate that Na + and Cl - are derived mainly from intruded seawater, and K + , Mg 2+ , and SO 4 2- from anthropogenic source such as a chemical fertilizer. The groundwaters that exceed the recommended limits for agricultural irrigation water contains 23% of Cl - reflecting sea-water intrusion, but 50% of NO 3 - as an anthropogenic pollution, among the wells investigated. In risk assessment of groundwaters by the EC-SAR relationship, only 40% of the groundwaters shows the suitable quality for agricultural irrigation water without any sodium and salinity hazards. Consequently, the pollution sources that cause degradation of groundwater quality in the basin of Seomjin River are the usage of chemical fertilizers and the intrusion of seawater, resulted primarily from the extension of riverward backflow of seawater and secondarily from the overpumping of groundwater.

논에서 우분액비 시용이 총체보리 및 이탈리안 라이그라스의 생산성과 사료가치 및 환경오염에 미치는 영향

최기춘,나상필,정민웅,임영철,박형수,김종근,김원호,김맹중,최기준,김명화,이상락,김다혜,육완방,Choi, Ki-Choon,Na, Sang-Pil,Jung, Min-Woong,Lim, Young-Chul,Park, Hyung-Su,Kim, Jong-Geun,Kim, Won-Ho,Kim, Maeng-Jung,Choi, Gi-Jun,Kim, Myeong-Hwa,L 한국축산환경학회 2012 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.18 No.2

본 연구는 논에서 조사료 생산을 위한 작부형태별 우분액비의 시용효과를 규명하기 위하여 총체 벼 재배 후 우분액비 시용에 따른 총체보리 및 IRG의 생산성, 사료가치, 토양성분 및 용탈수중의 무기물 농도를 조사하였다. 본 연구는 2006년 5월부터 2009년 4월까지 3년 동안 전라북도 김제군 백산면 시험포장에서 완전임의배치 3반복으로 수행되었다. 총체보리의 2년간 평균수량은 7,520 kg/ha, 그리고 IRG는 평균 10,320 kg/ha으로 IRG가 총체보리 보다 현저하게 높은 수량을 보였다 (p<0.05). 이탈리안 라이그라스는 1번초가 2번초 보다 약 2배 이상의 수량을 보였다. IRG의 조단백질 함량은 총체보리보다 높았고 NDF, ADF 및 TDN 함량은 작물간에 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. 경작형태별 우분액비 시용에 따른 토양내 pH, $P_2O_5$, T-N, OM 농도는 시험전에 비해 시험종료 후에 현저하게 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다 (p<0.05). 경작형태별 우분액비 시용에 따른 토양내 Ca, Na, Mg 및 K 농도는 시험전에 비해 시험종료 후에 현저하게 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다 (P<0.05). 경작형태별 우분액비 시용에 따른 용탈수중 $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N, $PO_4$-P, Cl, Ca, K, Mg, Na의 농도는 경작형태에 따른 확실한 차이를 보여주지 않았다. 따라서 논에서 우분액비를 이용하여 동계작물을 재배할 경우에는 수량도 중요하지만 환경적인 부분도 고려하여 우분액비를 이용해야 한다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cattle slurry on productivity of whole crop barley and Italian ryegrass and environmental pollution in paddy land. Cropping systems used in this study were consisted of two designs, such as whole crop barley applied with cattle slurry (WCB) and Italian ryegrass applied with cattle slurry (IRG). The field experiments were conducted on the clay loam at Backsanmyun, Kimje, Chunlabukdo province in Korea for three years (May 2006 to Apr. 2009). This study was arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. The yields of WCB and IRG were 7,520 kg/ha and 10,320 kg/ha, respectively. The yields of IRG significantly increased as compared with that of WCB (p<0.05). The yield of Italian ryegrass in 1st cutting time was about 2-fold higher than that of 2nd cutting time. The contents of crude protein of IRG were higher than that of WCB. However, the contents of NDF, ADF and TDN were no difference between WCB and IRG treatments. The pH, and contents of T-N, $P_2O_5$ and organic matter (OM) in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment increased as compared with those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). After the end of experiment, the concentrations of CEC (Ca, Na, Mg and K) in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment were remarkably higher than those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). The concentrations of $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N, $PO_4$-P, Cl, Ca, K, Mg and Na in leaching water in paddy land cultivated with WCB and IRG were no difference between WCB and IRG treatments.

도시소각회의 재활용 기술로서 내부발열소결법의 적용성

나춘기,정일현 木浦大學校 應用科學硏究院 2001 應用科學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

This paper describes the use of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ashes to manufacture synthetic aggregates using an innovative sintering technique, which was named "inner exothermic sintering (IES) method", characterized by co-treatment of sewage sludge as an inner heating source. The results of sintering experiments indicate that the added sewage sludge has powerfully acted as an inner heating source and a bloating agent in the sintering process of pellet, and thus could be manufacture of a double layered MSWI ash aggregate with fusion-bloated inner part and nonfusion dense outer surface. Futhermore, in this process, the fly ash also be co-treated without any particular change of the sintering condition. The synthetic aggregates are tested according to US regulation and fulfill regulatory limits, therefore, confirming their safe applications, although the results show some higher leaching from sintered aggregates than from melted slags. An overall conclusion from this is that the IES method represents an environment friendly and a solution for stabilising and converting MSWI ashes and sewage sludges into useful products.

점토벽돌제조용 원료로서 석탄회의 재활용성

나춘기,이무성,홍순강 木浦大學校 工業技術硏究所 1997 工業技術硏究誌 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the reusability of fly ashs produced by coal-fired power plants as an raw material in the manufacturing process of building resources such as brick, by investigating, in first, the mineralogical and chemical properties of raw materials including fly ashs of the Honam and the Samcheonpo thermal power plants and clay of the Hwangdeung area, and then examining the quility of pilot productions of fly ash-clay brick having various mixing proportions of fly ash. In general, the coal fly ashs separated in grain size under 200mesh and of Honam power plant have higher alkali contents but lower unburned carbon residues than those over 200mesh and of Samcheonpo power plant. This higher contents of alkali components such as CaO and Na2O and lower contents of unburned carbon have contributed to make dense structure in fly ahs-clay brick manufactured. Therefore, the clay brick manufactured by mixture of the Honam fly ash have more dence structure and much higher compressional strength than that of the Samcheonpo, and shows the trend of increasing the compressional strength from 1100-1300kg/㎠ to 170kg/㎠ with increasing the proportion of fly ash part from 10% to 50%. In contrast to Honam fly ash, the compressional strength of clay brick produced by the Samcheonpo fly ash decrease from 600-720kg/㎠ to 270-300kg/㎠ with increasing the mixing ratio of fly ash from 10% to 50%, due to high unburned carbon contents and low alkali contents of Samcheonpo fly ash.

아크릴산 그라프트 폴리프로필렌 부직포로부터 아민형 음이온 교환체의 합성 및 PO₄-P의 제거특성

나춘기,박현주,정일현 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

Aminated PP-g-AA that possess anionic exchangeable function was prepared by photoinduce grafting of acrylic acid onto polypropylene nonwoven fabric and followed chemical treatments using diethylene triamine coupled with aluminum chloride catalyst. Amination of grafted acrylic acid increased with increasing the reaction time and temperature of the aluminum catalysed amination procedure. Increasing the degree of amination, resulting in increasing the PO_(4)-P exchange capacity of aminated PP-g-AA and therefore, it reaches maximum value at the degree of amination as about 50-60%. Its value was much higher than those of conventional anion resins and activated carbon. Futhermore, aminated PP-g-AA nonwoven fabric could be regenerated in more than ten times by acid washing without any degradation of ion exchange capacity and physical properties.

도시소각회의 재활용 기술로서 내부발열소결법의 적용성

나춘기,정일현 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2001 환경연구논문집 Vol.1 No.1

This paper describes the use of municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI) ashes to manufacture synthetic aggregates using an innovative sintering technique, which was named ˝inner exothermic sintering(IES) method˝, characterized by co-treatment of sewage sludges as an inner heating source. The results of sintering experiments indicate that the added sewage sludge has powerfully acted as an inner heating source and a bloating agent in the sintering process of pellet, and thus could be manufacture of a double layered MSWI ash aggregate with fusion-bloated inner part and non-fusion dense outer surface. Futhermore, in the process, the fly ash also be co-treated without any particular change of the sintering condition. The synthetic aggregates are tested according to US regulation and fulfill regulatory limits, therefore, confirming their safe applications, although the results show some higher leaching from sintered aggregates than from melted slags. An overall conclusion from this is that the IES method represents an environment friendly and a safe solution for stabilising and converting MSWI ashes and sewage sludges into useful products.

태양열 온수급탕 시스템에 관한 연구 : 아파트를 중심으로 With relevance to Apartment

송인춘,김기세,구현덕,김병수,나기태 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1999 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.14 No.1

This work was carried out to propose a model of the most effective layout and installation for applying the Solar Hot Water system to apartment and to offer the basic data for promoting the destribution of this Solar Hot Water system in the country. For this purpose, the performed experiments are as followings: 1)Measurement and analysis of the amount of hot water adn the cost of water used in apartment of which the area is 30 to 40 pyung. 2)to esimate the efficiency of Solar Hot Water System in accordance with an angle of inclination. 3) Analysis of economical efficiency the annual expected saving cost produced by replacing the existing hot water system with the Solar Hot Water System. 4)Proposal of the best model for installing the Solar Hot Water System in apartment by considering the place and sunshine,and compaison of merit and demerit of this system.

개별환경제어(PEM)시스템의 운용에 따른 건물의 에너지절약성에 관한 연구

송인춘,구현덕,김기세,나기태,김병수 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1999 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.14 No.1

The building energy conservation possibility by introducing personal environment module(PEM)system was analyzed by DOE-2.1E building energy analysis program on the 6 stories office building. The results showed energy consumption of the building with PEM system could be increased more than the conventional VAV system when the occupant was not decreased. But the energy consumption rate in the building with PEM could be equal to VAV system when approximately 20% of the occupant is decreased. As a result, basically PEM system can consume more about 9.2%energy than the VAV system, but it can also have the possibility to save energy about 11.4% if it is operating with energy conservative way.

아크릴산 그라프트 폴리프로필렌 부직포의 제조와 특성

김상률,나춘기 한국의류산업학회 2004 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.6 No.3

The purpose of this study is in development of effective filter-type polymer adsorbent for removal of pollutants from wastewater by W irradiation graft polymerization. Photografting of acrylic acid (AA) on polypropylene (PP) non-woven fabric using benzophenone (BP) as a photosensitizer was investigated. Inhibition of homopolymerization was achieved by adding various concentrations of FeSO₄ . 7H₂O, CuSO₄·5H₂O and Mohr's salt. As AA concentration was increased, the degree of grafting was increased as to a specific value and then decreased, and the effect of BP concentration showed the same tendency It was also found that the degree of grafting increased with reaction time and reaction temperature. Addition of the polyfunctional monomers and H₂SO₄ to the grafting system accelerated the photo-grafting. The melting temperature, molecular weight and breaking stress and breaking strain were decreased with the increase in the degree of grafting.

pH의 변화에 의한 C.R.T의 용출특성

정일현,나춘기 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2001 환경연구논문집 Vol.1 No.1

Cathode ray tubes(CRTs) in television and computer monitors are one of the most common components of discarded electronics in the solid waste stream. CRTs present a disposal problem because of their growing magnitude in municipal solid waste(MSW) and their role as a major source of lead in MSW. Using the EPA Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure(TCLP), lead leachability from CRTs was studied. Lead leached from the CRT samples at an average concentration of 18.5 ㎎/l. This exceeded the regulatory limit of 5.0㎎/l. Several factors affected the lead concentration of each CRT sample.