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The Difference that Differences Make
Chao-ju CHEN 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2007 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.13 No.3
This article reviews feminist reflections on the politics of difference and examines the possibility of Asian feminism and its theoretical ground. I begin this article with a discussion on how a critique of the difference of ‘Asian women’ under western eyes-a difference that reveals the hierarchy of power-requires us to resist the western gaze. Such resistance can encourage one to explore and to theorize Asian feminism and this process of exploring and theorizing involves a critical reflection on the place of Asia in the multiculturalism-and-feminism debate. I suggest that differentiated universalism, which calls for inclusion of differences as well as universal moral commitment, should serve as the ground for Asian feminism.
( Ju-dong Li ),( Xin-fei Xu ),( Jiong-jie Yu ),( Zhen-li Li ),( Hao Xing ),( Han Wu ),( Han Zhang ),( Chao Li ),( Ming-da Wang ),( Meng-chao Wu ),( Wan-yee Lau ),( Tian Yang ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: A family history of liver cancer is regarded as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. We investigated the association between family history and cancer recurrence and survival in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)- related HCC. Methods: Patients who underwent curative resection of HBV-related HCC between 2003 and 2013 from a tertiary hepatobiliary center in China were enrolled in this study. A family history was defined as a self-reported history of primary liver cancer in the first-degree relatives. Propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariable Cox-regression analyses were performed to compare the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) between patients with and without a family history of liver cancer. Results: Of 1,112 patients, 183 patients (16.5%) had a family history of liver cancer. A family history was not associated with OS and RFS (P=0.994 and 0.428) in the entire cohort. Using PSM, 179 pairs of patients with and without a family history but with comparable baseline characteristics and operative variables were created. A family history was associated with decreased OS and RFS (P=0.042 and 0.006) in the PSM cohort. On multivariable Cox-regression analyses, a family history was significantly associated with decreased OS (HR: 1.574, 95% CI: 1.171-2.116, P=0.003) and RFS (HR: 1.534, 95% CI: 1.176-2.002, P=0.002) after adjusting for other prognostic factors. Conclusions: A family history of liver cancer was associated with decreased OS and RFS rates after curative resection in patients with HBV-related HCC.
Wang, Chao,Gu, Chao,Jeong, Kang Jin,Zhang, Dong,Guo, Wei,Lu, Yiling,Ju, Zhenlin,Panupinthu, Nattapon,Yang, Ji Yeon,Gagea, Mihai (Mike),Ng, Patrick Kwok Shing,Zhang, Fan,Mills, Gordon B. American Association for Cancer Research 2017 Cancer Research Vol.77 No.7
<P>Interactions between HIPPO, YAP/TAZ, and the PI3K/AKT pathway may be therapeutically targetable, providing new approaches to treating endometrial cancers and other cancers where the HIPPO pathway is a core oncogenic driver.</P><P>The transcription regulators YAP and TAZ function as effectors of the HIPPO signaling cascade, critical for organismal development, cell growth, and cellular reprogramming, and YAP/TAZ is commonly misregulated in human cancers. The precise mechanism by which aberrant YAP/TAZ promotes tumor growth remains unclear. The HIPPO tumor suppressor pathway phosphorylates YAP and TAZ, resulting in cytosolic sequestration with subsequent degradation. Here, we report that the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is critically involved in the pathophysiology of endometrial cancer, interacts with the HIPPO pathway at multiple levels. Strikingly, coordinate knockdown of YAP and TAZ, mimicking activation of the HIPPO pathway, markedly decreased both constitutive and growth factor–induced PI3K pathway activation by decreasing levels of the GAB2 linker molecule in endometrial cancer lines. Furthermore, targeting YAP/TAZ decreased endometrial cancer tumor growth <I>in vivo</I>. In addition, YAP and TAZ total and phosphoprotein levels correlated with clinical characteristics and outcomes in endometrial cancer. Thus, YAP and TAZ, which are inhibited by the HIPPO tumor suppressor pathway, modify PI3K/AKT pathway signaling in endometrial cancer. The cross-talk between these key pathways identifies potential new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in endometrial cancer. <I>Cancer Res; 77(7); 1637–48. ©2017 AACR</I>.</P>
Chen Chao-ju 서울대학교 아시아태평양법연구소 2018 Journal of Korean Law Vol.18 No.1
This article is a social-legal inquiry into the inequality of surnames in Taiwan and an endeavor to deliberate on its theoretical implications so as to fashion an account of East Asian feminist jurisprudence for surname inequality as sex, race, and marital status discrimination in Taiwan. Taiwan is a country where patronymic naming for children still prevails but patronymic naming for married women (prefixing husband’s surname) has become rare, and where marital name law and children’s name law have been reformulated in a gender-neutral fashion and in a contract model. Married women have become name keepers, but mothers remain outsiders within. Tracing the different trajectories of marital names and children’s names in life and law, this article discusses how and why surname equality remains a goal rather than a reality in Taiwan despite liberal legal reform that has abolished patronymic rules and the prohibition against using indigenous people’s traditional names, while also acknowledges the law’s power to change. It begins with an investigation into the development and practices of marital surname law, followed by a critique of children’s surname law by revealing the different faces of discrimination against different mothers as outsiders, and ends with a discussion of the limitations of liberal law reform and with a proposal for change. It will be revealed that women’s experience as well as feminist legal mobilization facilitated the change of law, and that women’s situation under law varies in accordance to their marital and ethnic status. It will be argued that the formal transition of name laws from status to contract creates a “republic of choices” which does not deliver equality, and “status-contract” as well as free choice continue to legitimatize name inequality. It will also be argued that equality demands a more radical change of name laws beyond the formal equality paradigm, and the reformulation of default and altering rules and the introduction of framing rules provide a possible way forward. The conclusion of this article touches on the implications of the legalization of same-sex marriage and same-sex parenthood as a future hope and challenge for name equality.
Chao Du,Ju-Hua Ni,Ya-Qiong Jin,Jun-Juan Qi,Zhen-Xing Ji,Shu-Yan Li,Guo-Shun An,Hong-Ti Jia 한국분자세포생물학회 2012 Molecules and cells Vol.34 No.2
MyoD and myogenin (Myog) recognize sets of distinct but overlapping target genes and play different roles in skeletal muscle differentiation. MyoD is sufficient for near-full expression of early targets, while Myog can only partially enhance expression of MyoD-initiated late muscle genes. However, the way in which Myog enhances the expression of MyoD-initiated late muscle genes remains unclear. Here, we examine the effects of Myog on chromatin remodeling at late muscle gene promoters and their activation within chromatin environment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that Myog selectively bound to the regulatory sequences of late muscle genes. Overexpres-sion of Myog was found to overcome sodium butyrate-inhibited chromatin at late muscle genes in differ-entiating C2C12 myoblasts, shifting the transcriptional activation of these genes to an earlier time period. Furthermore, overexpression of Myog led to increased hyperacetylation of core histone H4 in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts but not NIH3T3 fibroblasts, and hyperacetylated H4 was associated directly with the late muscle genes in differentiating C2C12, indicating that Myog can induce chromatin remodeling in the presence of MyoD. In addition, co-immunopre-cipitation (CoIP) revealed that Myog was associated with the nuclear protein Brd4 in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. Together, these results suggest that Myog enhances the expression of MyoD-initiated late muscle genes through MyoD-dependent ability of Myog to induce chromatin remodeling, in which Myog-Brd4 interaction may be involved.
C-DUNFORD AND C-PETTIS INTEGRALS
Chao Yu,Da fang Zhao,Guo ju Ye 충청수학회 2008 충청수학회지 Vol.21 No.4
In this paper, we give some extensions of Dunford inte-gral and Pettis integral, C-Dunford integral and C-Pettis integral. We also discuss the relation among the C-Dunford integral, C-Pettis integral and C-integral.