2019 Tabletop Exercise for Laboratory Diagnosis and Analyses of Unknown Disease Outbreaks by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Kim Il-Hwan,Jang Jun-Hyeong,Jo Su-Kyoung,No Jin Sun,Seo Seung-Hee,Kim Jun-Young,Jung Sang-Oun,Kim Jeong-Min,Lee Sang-Eun,Park Hye Kyung,Kim Eun-Jin,Jeon Jun Ho,Choi Myung-Min,Ryu Boyeong,Jang Yoon Suk 질병관리본부 2020 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.11 No.5

Objectives The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has published “A Guideline for Unknown Disease Outbreaks (UDO).” The aim of this report was to introduce tabletop exercises (TTX) to prepare for UDO in the future. Methods The UDO Laboratory Analyses Task Force in Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in April 2018, assigned unknown diseases into 5 syndromes, designed an algorithm for diagnosis, and made a panel list for diagnosis by exclusion. Using the guidelines and laboratory analyses for UDO, TTX were introduced. Results Since September 9th, 2018, the UDO Laboratory Analyses Task Force has been preparing TTX based on a scenario of an outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus. In December 2019, through TTX, individual missions, epidemiological investigations, sample treatments, diagnosis by exclusions, and next generation sequencing analysis were discussed, and a novel coronavirus was identified as the causal pathogen. Conclusion Guideline and laboratory analyses for UDO successfully applied in TTX. Conclusions drawn from TTX could be applied effectively in the analyses for the initial response to COVID-19, an ongoing epidemic of 2019 – 2020. Therefore, TTX should continuously be conducted for the response and preparation against UDO.

Characterization of morphological changes of B16 melanoma cells under natural killer cell attack

Kim, Ji Sung,Kim, Boyeong,Lee, Hong Kyung,Kim, Hyung Sook,Park, Eun Jae,Choi, Yeo Jin,Ahn, Gi Beom,Yun, Jieun,Hong, Jin Tae,Kim, Youngsoo,Han, Sang-Bae Elsevier 2019 INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY Vol.67 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Natural killer (NK) cell killing of melanoma cells involves perforin-mediated delivery of granzymes from NK cells to cancer cells; however, how melanoma cells die remains poorly characterized. Here, we examined the dying process of melanoma cells by using time-lapse imaging. Upon contact with NK cells, B16-F10 cells rounded and most of them showed membrane rupture (98 min); however, B16 parent cells showed writhing and delayed membrane rupture (235 min). This morphological difference depended on the expression levels of myosin regulatory light chain 9 (MYL9) but not activating ligands (CD112, CD155, Rae-1, and MULT-1), SPI, FasL, or PD-L1. Taken together, our data show that melanoma cells show two distinct types of morphological changes upon contact with NK cells and suggest that a strategy to decrease MYL9 expression by melanoma cells may improve the efficacy of NK cell–based immunotherapy.</P>

Cell-based Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer with Cytokine-induced Killer Cells

Ji Sung Kim,Yong Guk Kim,Eun Jae Park,Boyeong Kim,Hong Kyung Lee,Jin Tae Hong,Youngsoo Kim,Sang-Bae Han 대한면역학회 2016 Immune Network Vol.16 No.2

The Discourse Strategy of Code Switching on SNS texts: In the case of Korean-Chinese and Chinese

( Boyeong Kim ) 연세대학교 언어정보연구원(구 연세대학교 언어정보개발원) 2020 언어사실과 관점 Vol.49 No.-

이 논문은 카카오톡(한국 모바일 메신저)과 위챗(중국 모바일 메신저) 등 소셜 네트워크 채팅에서 이루어지는 코드 전환의 담화 기능을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 연구에서는 한국에서 생활하고 있는 10명의 조선족과 10명의 중국인 학습자들이 나누는 여러 대화를 관찰하고 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구에서 관찰한 조선족과 중국인 학습자들의 SNS텍스트에서 청자구분(Addressee specification), 감정표현(affective expression), 확인/초점(confirmation/focus), 반복에 의한 강조(emphasis by repetition), 어휘적/숙어적 표현(lexical/idiomatic expression), 개인화 대 객관화(personalization versus objectification), 체면 위협 행위 완화(face-threatening acts mitigation), and opinion expression(의견 표현)등 8가지의 다양한 코드 전환이 사용되고 있었다. 그중 조선족 그룹에서는 “반복에 의한 강조”나 “의견 표현”의 전략이 발견되지 않았으며 중국인 그룹에서는 “확인/초점” 전략이 사용되지 않았다. 둘째, 두 그룹의 SNS 텍스트에서 코드 스위칭은 특정 청자와 대중을 구분짓는 수단으로서, 청자의 L1이 무엇인지에 따라 의사소통을 원활하게 하기 위한 언어 선택 전략으로서 사용되기도 하였다. 마지막으로, 무엇보다 두 그룹에서 코드 스위칭의 사용에 있어 가장 두드러진 측면은 코드 스위칭이 객관성(공지, 공식적인 요청, 공식 발화 등)과 주관성(감정이나 의견의 표현, 친밀함을 전하는 사적 발화)을 구분하기 위한 표지로서 사용되었다는 것에 있다. 본 연구 결과, 조선족과 중국인 학습자들은 주어진 맥락에서 성공적이고 효과적으로 의사소통을 해가기 위한 담화 전략으로서 코드 전환을 폭넓게 사용되는 것이 확인되었다. This study aims to figure out the discourse functions of code switching which appears in the texts chatted on SNS, especially Kakaotalk (Korean Mobile Messenger) and Wechat (Chinese Mobile Messenger). In order to satisfy this purpose, this study observed and analyzed several dialogues of 10 Korean-Chinese and 10 Chinese people living in Korea. The results are as follows. First, Korean-Chinese and Chinese learners use a lot of code switching examples strategically in the observed texts. Second, Korean-Chinese generally uses Korean when they say official things or objective information. As for daily conversation, it is difficult to say to have constant tendency. The texts show that the preceding languages affect language selection of the following person. Third, Chinese learners use Chinese language in the daily conversation; but they use Korean language when need official or personal help. On SNS supporting group chat like ‘Kakaotalk’ and ‘Wechat’, the users exchange official and personal information together. Korean-Chinese and Chinese learners use code switching depending on formality of information such as objective notice, a request for personal help or personal question. It seems to be discourse strategy to make successful and effective communication in the society they belong to.

중국인 한국어 학습자의 어순 습득에 대한 종적 연구 - 통사 및 담화 층위의 발달 양상을 중심으로 -

김보영 ( Boyeong Kim ) 연세대학교 언어연구교육원 한국어학당 2020 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.58 No.-

This study aims to investigate the syntactic and discourse/pragmatic developmental pattern of word order of 3 Chinese learners based on their longitudinal Korean writing and interview data for 1 year and 6 months. The results of this study are as follows. First, learner A, learner B, and learner C often failed to correctly use word order items that were not properly mastered at the beginner level even at the intermediate level or advanced level. In particular, it is difficult for learners to master general adverbs ‘many(많이)', ‘well(잘)', frequency adverbs ‘always(항상)', and negation adverbs ‘안' regardless of proficiency. The three learners could not master word order for inter-adverbs, word order for complex sentence elements, or word order of noun phrases even at advanced level. Second, this study also examined whether Chinese learners of Korean use word order as a communication strategy with discourse function. Although a few cases have been found for the 3 learners where they increased the clarity of discourse or attempted to communicate effectively through a leftward inversion or a rightward inversion, more often cases have been found in which the word order inversion was overused in situations where the learner did not need the specific discourse function intended. The latter cases were all found in the intermediate level or higher.

한국어 학습자 말뭉치 분석을 통한 표현 문형 오류 분포 연구 -담화 유형과 담화 장르를 중심으로-

김보영 ( Kim Boyeong ) 국제어문학회(구 국제어문학연구회) 2021 국제어문 Vol.- No.89

본 연구는 한국어 학습자들의 문구어 말뭉치 자료를 대상으로 문형별, 담화 유형별, 담화 장르별로 표현 문형 오류가 어떻게 나타나는지 그 분포 양상을 살펴보고 한국어 학습자의 표현 문형 오류 양상과 오류 층위별 특징을 담화 유형과 담화 장르를 중심으로 검토하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 한국인 화자가 관습적으로 사용하는 한국어 표현 문형은 문법 단위를 넘어서 모어 화자가 산출하는 담화의 유형, 기능, 장르(종류) 등과 밀접하게 관련이 있는 개념이다. 따라서 한국어 학습자들이 표현 문형을 구사할 때에도 문법 지식의 오류를 넘어 담화나 장르, 화용 영역에서의 오류로 확장할 가능성이 있다. 본 연구는 국립국어원의 학습자 오류 주석 말뭉치(문어: 462,325 어절, 구어: 349,906 어절, 812,231 어절)를 활용하였다. 국립국어원 학습자 말뭉치 주석은 모든 오류마다 빠짐없이 부착되는 기본 주석과 선택적으로 부착되는 확장 주석의 두 단계로 이루어져 있다. 먼저 오류 양상은 기본 주석으로서 누락, 오형태, 대치, 첨가로 주석되며 다음으로 오류 층위는 오류가 나타난 언어 영역을 발음, 형태(굴절 활용), 통사(시제, 사동, 피동, 부정), 담화 영역(구어/문어 오류) 중에서 선택적으로 주석된다. 한국어 학습자의 표현 문형 오류 분포는 다음과 같다. 먼저 표현 문형별 분포를 보면 부정을 나타내는 ‘-지 않’의 오류 빈도가 가장 높고 ‘-는 것’, ‘게 하’ 등의 순서로 오류 빈도가 높았다. 두 번째로, 담화 유형별 오류 항목 순위를 보면 문어에서는 ‘-지 않’, ‘-게 하’, ‘-을 것이’ 등의 순서로 오류 빈도가 높게 나타난 반면, 구어에서는 ‘-을 수 있’, ‘-을 때’ 등의 순서로 오류 빈도가 높게 나타났으며 담화 유형에 따른 숙달도별 차이도 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다(x² =22.944, p<0.05). 세 번째로, 담화 장르별 표현 문형 오류 분포는 생활문에서의 오류 빈도가 다른 장르에 비해 가장 많았고 역시 생활문 장르에서 다양한 표현 문형 오류를 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 표현 문형의 오류 양상별 특징(누락, 오형태, 대치, 첨가), 오류 층위별 특징(발음, 형태, 통사, 담화)은 담화 장르에 따른 분포에서는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 담화 유형별 분포에서 x² 검정 시 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다(오류 양상: x²= x²=55.733, p<0.05, 오류 층위: x²=124.084, p<0.05). This study aims to examine the distribution patterns of formulaic expression errors by sentence type, discourse type, and discourse genre using a Korean learner corpus (written and spoken). The study also investigates the characteristics of the error aspects and error layers of formulaic expressions focusing on the discourse type and genre. The data were drawn from the learners’ error corpus (written: 462,325 words; spoken: 349,906 words; total: 812,231 words) of the National Institute of the Korean Language. The learner corpus annotation of the National Institute of the Korean Language has two levels: a basic annotation attached to every error, and an extended annotation attached selectively to errors. The error aspect has the basic annotation of omission, misformation, replacement, or addition, while the error layer is selectively annotated as pronunciation, morphology, syntax and discourse. The distribution of formulaic expression errors of Korean learners is as follows: By formulaic expression type, the error frequency of -ji an indicating negation was the highest, followed by -neun geot and -ge ha. The ranking of errors by discourse type in written language by frequency was in the order -ji an, -ge ha, and -eul geosi, whereas in the spoken language, the most common errors were -eul su it and -eul ttae. The difference in mastery by discourse type was also found to be statistically significant (x² = 22.944, p < 0.05). By discourse genre, the frequency of errors was higher in experiential writing than in other genres, and certain formulaic expression errors were commonly found in experiential writing. Lastly, the characteristics of each error aspect (omission, misformation, replacement, addition) and error layer (pronunciation, morphology, syntax, discourse) showed statistically significant differences in distribution by discourse type (for error aspect: x² = 55.733, p < 0.05; for error layer: x² = 124.084, p < 0.05).

한국어 진행상 ‘-고 있-’의 습득 연구 -중국인 학습자를 중심으로-

김보영 ( Kim Boyeong ) 한국언어문화교육학회 2017 언어와 문화 Vol.13 No.3

This study aims to examine Korean progressive acquisition ‘-ko iss-’ of Chinese learners by level and L1 effect. For this, this study consists of Chinese and other learner’s corpus with 13,957 words. The findings are like follows. Firstly, 4 errors of 17 in an original word have ‘resultive’ meaning and 13 errors of 17 have ‘progressive in action’ meaning in the acquisition of Korean progressive acquisition ‘-ko iss-’. Secondly, the errors of Chinese and other L1 learners in the ‘-ko iss-’ obligatory texts do not reveal any statistical significance. Only Chinese learners, however, have 5 misform errors in the progressive acquisition. Thirdly, the ratio of errors decreased in Chinese learner’s progressive acquisition as the level goes up from low to high. Fourthly, Chinese learners use ‘-ko iss-’ with activity verbs in the low level. As the level goes up, Chinese learners extend ‘-ko iss-’ to accomplishment and achievement verbs; do not extend to psychological verbs. Fifthly, we found 4 counter-examples of Aspect Hypothesis that combine ‘-ko iss-’ with stative verbs. (Yonsei University)

중국인 한국어 학습자의 과거시제 습득 양상에 대한 종적 연구 - 인터뷰 자료를 중심으로 -

김보영 ( Kim Boyeong ) 연세대학교 언어정보연구원(구 연세대학교 언어정보개발원) 2017 언어사실과 관점 Vol.41 No.-

This paper examines the acquisition of tense-aspect morphology in two Chinese learners of Korean. This paper has been designed to track developmental aspect of past tense form and to verify the Aspect Hypothesis through a longitudinal corpus. It was found that (1) two children use past tense form predominantly with [+telic] (accomplishment/ achievement verbs) than [-telic] (action/ state verbs); (2) in the stage 1 and stage 4, they use past tense form with accomplishment verbs the most; (3) in the stage 2 and stage 3, they use past tense form with achievement verbs the most. The result shows the pattern of the development of tense-aspect form is based on prototype formation (the correlations between verbs with [+telic] and past tense form `-ess-`) partially from non-past tense errors in the past tense obligatory contexts; the pattern in the early development of tense-aspect of Chinese acquisition of Korean have gaps with earlier studies.

한국어 학습자의 과거시제 형태소 ‘-었-’ 습득 양상 -시간 부사와의 상호관련성을 중심으로-

김보영 ( Kim Boyeong ) 한국언어문화교육학회 2018 언어와 문화 Vol.14 No.1

This study aims to examine the acquisition of the Korean past tense '-eott-' and time adverbials in L2 Korean learners. To do this, this study used the longitudinal written texts of 6 Korean learners. The findings as follows. Firstly, the 6th week texts show the most errors in the usage of ‘-eott-’ in the final sentences; the 20th week texts show errors of relative time reference in coordinate and subordinate sentences; the 30th week texts show the most errors related to lexical aspect. Secondly, time adverbials are used more frequently in the early stages of acquisition. The learners used ‘-eott-’ more in the texts of the 20th and 30th weeks than in the 6th week. Finally, it seems safe to conclude that the function and role of time adverbials changes form tense-substitute to tense-reminder with longitudinal changes. (Yonsei University)

A Personalized Network Activity-Aware Approach to Reducing Radio Energy Consumption of Smartphones

Yeseong Kim,Boyeong Jeon,Jihong Kim IEEE Computer Society 2016 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING Vol.15 No.3

<P>The radio energy consumption takes a large portion of the total energy consumption in smartphones. However, a significant portion of radio energy is wasted in a special waiting interval, known as the tail time after a transmission is completed while waiting for a subsequent transmission. In order to reduce the wasted energy in the tail time, the fast dormancy feature allows a quick release of a radio connection in the tail time. For supporting the fast dormancy efficiently, it is important to accurately predict whether a subsequent transmission will occur in the tail time. In this paper, we show that there are strong personal characteristics on how user interacts with a radio network within the tail time. Based on these observations, we propose a novel personalized network activity-aware predictive dormancy technique, called Personalized Diapause (pD). By automatically identifying user-specific tail-time transmission characteristics for various network activities, our proposed technique takes advantages of personalized high-level network usage patterns in deciding when to release radio connections. Our experimental results using real network usage logs from 25 users show that pD can reduce the amount of the wasted tail time energy by 51 percent on average, thus saving the total radio energy consumption by 23 percent with less than 10 percent reconnection increase.</P>