Expression levels of three bacterial blight resistance genes against K3a race of Korea by molecular and phenotype analysis in japonica rice (O. sativa L.)

Jung-Pil Suh,Tae-Hwan Noh,Ki-Young Kim,Jeong-Ju Kim,Yeon-Gyu Kim,Kshirod K. Jena 한국작물학회 2009 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.12 No.3

Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a destructive disease of rice in the major rice growing countries of Asia. In 2003, a serious bacterial blight epidemic occurred in the southwestern coastal areas in Korea, causing significant yield loss due to the emergence of a new race, K3a. IR24 near-isogenic lines containing Xa4, xa5, Xa7 and Xa21 genes conferred different degrees of resistance to the most virulent K3a isolate, HB01009 in an inoculation experiment in the greenhouse. Expression levels of the resistance genes, Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 were studied in two F2 populations derived from the crosses between elite japonica cultivars and an advanced backcross breeding line possessing Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 genes. F2 progenies segregated for K3a resistance (R) and susceptible (S) phenotypes in a ratio of 3(R):1(S) indicated that K3a resistance was controlled by a major dominant gene. Three PCR markers tightly linked to the resistance genes Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 confirmed the presence of the genes and their interaction with each gene. This study demonstrated that the Xa21 gene dominantly contributed to K3a resistance. However, the Xa4 gene also contributed to the full expression of resistance. The level of expression of strong resistance to K3a race was attributed to the presence of Xa21 and Xa4 genes irrespective of the presence of xa5 gene. Our results suggest that the R-gene combinations of Xa4+Xa21 could be a useful and effective strategy toward improving resistance to K3a race of Korean japonica cultivars. Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a destructive disease of rice in the major rice growing countries of Asia. In 2003, a serious bacterial blight epidemic occurred in the southwestern coastal areas in Korea, causing significant yield loss due to the emergence of a new race, K3a. IR24 near-isogenic lines containing Xa4, xa5, Xa7 and Xa21 genes conferred different degrees of resistance to the most virulent K3a isolate, HB01009 in an inoculation experiment in the greenhouse. Expression levels of the resistance genes, Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 were studied in two F2 populations derived from the crosses between elite japonica cultivars and an advanced backcross breeding line possessing Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 genes. F2 progenies segregated for K3a resistance (R) and susceptible (S) phenotypes in a ratio of 3(R):1(S) indicated that K3a resistance was controlled by a major dominant gene. Three PCR markers tightly linked to the resistance genes Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 confirmed the presence of the genes and their interaction with each gene. This study demonstrated that the Xa21 gene dominantly contributed to K3a resistance. However, the Xa4 gene also contributed to the full expression of resistance. The level of expression of strong resistance to K3a race was attributed to the presence of Xa21 and Xa4 genes irrespective of the presence of xa5 gene. Our results suggest that the R-gene combinations of Xa4+Xa21 could be a useful and effective strategy toward improving resistance to K3a race of Korean japonica cultivars.

국내 금융산업의 Y2K 문제인식과 대응논리

윤용근 국민대학교 정보기술연구소 2001 정보기술연구 Vol.7 No.-

Y2K문제 해결 완료는 분명히 문제가 있는 선언이다. 본 연구는 첫째, Y2K문제에 대한 우리의 인식이 얼마나 왜곡되고 파편화 된 이해 속에 있는 가를 직시하고 늦은 감이 있지만 이제는 충분히 다른 시각을 가질 필요성이 있다는 점과, 둘째, 얼마 남지 않은 기간동안이지만 철저한 준비와 대응책을 마련하는 것이 그렇게 하지 않는 것보다 무조건 나쁘지 않다는 점을 주지시키기 위해서 준비된 것이다. 설령 그것이 현실 속에서 발현되든 또는 발현되지 않든 간에 Y2K문제에 대한 우리의 인식전환과 유비무환의 자세를 가다듬을 수 있는 계기가 되길 기대한다. Y2K문제는 단순한 프로그램상의 날자 인식 오류에 불과하지만 이것이 현실 속에서 얼마나 커다란 문제를 야기 시킬 수도 있는가를 정확하게 이해할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 금융권을 중심으로 표본을 추출하여 그것에 대한 실증적 분석과 사례를 통하여 이를 입증하고자 노력했다. Y2K문제는 그 성격상 100% 달성이란 존재할 수 없는 확률 분포적인 성격의 문제이다. 즉 우리가 주변에서 흔히 볼 수 있듯이 Y2K문제 100% 달성이란 현실적으로 존재할 수 없으며, 지금부터 언제든지 크고 작은 문제를 일으킬 수 있는 소지가 충분하다는 사실을 인식하고, 그에 대한 대응 체제를 확립하는 것이 이 시점 매우 절실하다는 것이다. 본 연구보고서는 실증적 분석 모델로 삼았던 특정 회사가 단지 특정 회사만의 문제가 아??

Effects of I- and W-Phases Under Identical Conditions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast Mg–Zn–Y Alloys at Room and Elevated Temperatures

Young‑Gil Jung,Wonseok Yang,Jae Ik Hyun,Shae K. Kim,Hyunkyu Lim,Do Hyang Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.12

Three alloys (Mg–6Zn–1.2Y, Alloy I; Mg–3.65Zn–1.65Y, Alloy II; and Mg–4.3Zn–1.4Y, Alloy III) with same volume fractionand grain size were designed to evaluate the effects of the I-phase (Mg3Zn6Y) and W-phase (Mg3Zn3Y2), which are themajor phases in Mg–Zn–Y alloys, on the mechanical properties. The tensile strength of Alloy I with the I-phase at roomtemperature was the highest among the tested alloys because the coherent interface between the I-phase and the α-Mg phasewas more resistant to cracking than the incoherent interface between the W-phase and the α-Mg phase. A cross-sectionalmicrostructure analysis of a sample that was tensile-tested at 423 K revealed that the morphology of the I-phase remainedrelatively stable. In contrast, the W-phase was broken and fragmented during the tensile test at 423 K because it had higherbrittleness under the test conditions. Therefore, the tensile and creep properties of Alloy I at 423 K were better than thoseof Alloys II and III containing the W-phase. According to the results, the I-phase in the Mg-Zn-Y alloy was more beneficialto the mechanical properties at room temperature and 423 K than the W-phase.

Clinical Utility and Cut-Off Scores of the Korean Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale

Minha Hong,Young Sik Lee,Bongseog Kim,Yoo Sook Joung,Hanik K Yoo,Eui-Jung Kim,Soyoung Irene Lee,Soo Young Bhang,Seung Yup Lee,Doughyun Han,Geon Ho Bahn 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2019 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.30 No.3

Objectives: This study was conducted to re-validate the clinical efficacy of the Korean Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale (K-AARS), which is a self-report scale for ADHD in adults, and to determine the clinical utility and cut-off scores of K-AARS. Methods: The participants were 135 drug naïve adults with ADHD and 144 healthy controls. To diagnose ADHD based on the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, two board-certified pediatric psychiatrists interviewed the participants and completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. K-AARS was applied to all participants. K-AARS comprises six clinical subscales, one impairment subscale, and one driving behavior subscale. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to calculate the cut-off scores of K-AARS. Results: All subscale scores, including six clinical subscale, impairment subscale, and driving behavior subscale scores, were found to be significant in distinguishing adults with ADHD from healthy controls. The sensitivity and specificity of the six clinical subscales were 63.0–77.0% and 66.7–79.9%, respectively. The combined total score of the six clinical subscales, had a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 79.9%. Conclusion: The discriminative power of K-AARS for the diagnosis of ADHD in adults was excellent, and K-AARS and the empirical diagnosis of adults can be useful in diagnosing ADHD in adulthood.

The feasibility study of Computer Cognitive Senior Assessment System-Screen (CoSAS-S) in critically ill patients with sepsis

Kang, Eun-Young,Jee, Sung Ju,Kim, Cuk-Seong,Suh, Kwang-Sun,Wong, Alex W.K.,Moon, Jae Young Elsevier 2018 Journal of critical care Vol.44 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>Early cognitive assessment in the intensive care unit (ICU) is essential to monitor cognitive dysfunction after critical illness. We have implemented a Computer Cognitive Senior Assessment System–Screen (CoSAS–S) which is a brief, objective, and tablet-based cognitive screening test as a mobile platform to detect any cognitive problems in ICUs. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and initial validation of a tablet-based CoSAS–S in critically ill patients with sepsis.</P> <P><B>Materials and methods</B></P> <P>Thirty-six eligible patients completed CoSAS–S, Mini-Mental State Examination–Korean Version (MMSE–K) and Korean Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA) for validity testing at the ICU.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Eighty-eight percent of programmed assessments were completed by the sample. Spearman correlations of the CoSAS–S with MMSE–K (rho=0.613–0.874, p<0.00) and K–MoCA scores (rho=0.666–0.897, p<0.001) were moderate to high. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of total CoSAS–S score between two raters was 0.93 (p<0.001; 95% CI=0.82–0.97), suggesting the inter-rater reliability of CoSAS-S was excellent.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Support was found for the feasibility and validity of CoSAS-S. The application of CoSAS-S could identify the cognitive functioning of the patients. Utility of CoSAS-S in other clinical populations should be tested.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cognitive Senior Assessment System–Screen (CoSAS–S) is a mobile flat-form, tablet-based cognitive screening test. </LI> <LI> This study supports the feasibility and validity of tablet-based cognitive screening, ‘CoSAS-S’ in patients with sepsis. </LI> <LI> CoSAS-S could identify the critically ill patients without cognitive dysfunction in the ICUs. </LI> <LI> Utility of CoSAS-S in other clinical settings should be studied in the future study. </LI> </UL> </P>

Integrative microendoscopic system combined with conventional microscope for live animal tissue imaging

Kö,hler, Martin,Paulson, Bjorn,Kim, Youngkyu,Lee, Sanghwa,Dicker, Andrea,van Krieken, Pim,Kim, Jae Young,Pack, Chan-Gi,Joo, Jinmyoung,Berggren, Per-Olof,Kim, Jun Ki Wiley (John WileySons) 2018 Journal of Biophotonics Vol.11 No.12

The Moderating Role of Attribution in Penalty Judgment: an Empirical Study in the Financial Service Industry

Young “Sally” K. Kim 한국마케팅과학회 2006 마케팅과학연구 Vol.16 No.3

Many financial service organizations use various types of penalties (e.g., late payment fee, overdraft fee), often inflicting customer complaints and, in extreme cases, attrition. This study examines how customers evaluate penalties using concepts from attribution theory and literatures of social justice and customer satisfaction/ dissatisfaction. The study hypothesizes that both cognitive (i.e., attribution, perceived fairness, disconfirmation) and affective (i.e., emotion) responses influence customer’s penalty judgment and tests the effect of moderation between attribution and perceived fairness on penalty judgment. The study uses a crosssectional survey design and collects data using the critical incident technique. The results show that attributions have significant moderating effects on the relationship between perceived fairness and dissatisfaction with the penalty and that perceived fairness, emotion, and attribution have a significant influence on penalty evaluation. The study provides discussion of the findings and managerial implications.

유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 그래프 K - Colorability 문제의 해

성홍기(Hongki Sung),뮨윤건(Yoonkeon Moon),조영관(Young K. Cho) 한국정보과학회 1996 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2B

그래프 K-Colorability는 NP-Complete군에 속하는 문제로써 임의의 그래프의 인접한 노드에 서로 다른 색을 할당할 때 필요로하는 색의 수를 최소화 하는 방법을 찾는 문제이다. 많은 해법들이 연구되었으나 노드의 수가 70개를 넘지않는 그래프의 크기에서만 효과적으로 그 해를 찾는 방법을 제시하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 그래프가 120개 이상의 노드를 갖는 경우에도 효과적으로 해를 구할 수 있는 방법을 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 제시하였다.

Mechanisms of Oxidation of Guanine in DNA by Carbonate Radical Anion, a Decomposition Product of Nitrosoperoxycarbonate

Lee, Young ,Ae,Yun, Byeong ,Hwa,Kim, Seog ,K.,Margolin, Yelena,Dedon, Peter ,C.,Geacintov, Nicholas ,E.,Shafirovich, Vladimir WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Chemistry Vol.13 No.16

<P>Peroxynitrite is produced during inflammation and combines rapidly with carbon dioxide to yield the unstable nitrosoperoxycarbonate, which decomposes (in part) to CO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>.−</SUP> and <SUP>.</SUP>NO<SUB>2</SUB> radicals. The CO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>.−</SUP> radicals oxidize guanine bases in DNA through a one-electron transfer reaction process that ultimately results in the formation of stable guanine oxidation products. Here we have explored these mechanisms, starting with a spectroscopic study of the kinetics of electron transfer from 20–22mer double-stranded oligonucleotides to CO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>.−</SUP> radicals, together with the effects of base sequence on the formation of the end-products in runs of one, two, or three contiguous guanines. The distributions of these alkali-labile lesions were determined by gel electrophoresis methods. The cascade of events was initiated through the use of 308 nm XeCl excimer laser pulses to generate CO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>.−</SUP> radicals by an established method based on the photodissociation of persulfate to sulfate radicals and the oxidation of bicarbonate. Although the Saito model (Saito et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 6406–6407) predicts relative ease of one-electron oxidations in DNA, following the trend 5′-⋅⋅⋅GGG⋅⋅⋅ > 5′-⋅⋅⋅GG⋅⋅⋅ > 5′-⋅⋅⋅G⋅⋅⋅, we found that the rate constants for CO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>.−</SUP>-mediated oxidation of guanines in these sequence contexts (k<SUB>5</SUB>) showed only small variation within a narrow range [(1.5–3.0)×10<SUP>7</SUP> M<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>]. In contrast, the distributions of the end-products are dependent on the base sequence context and are higher at the 5′-G in 5′-⋅⋅⋅GG⋅⋅⋅ sequences and at the first two 5′-guanines in the 5′-⋅⋅⋅GGG⋅⋅⋅ sequences. These effects are attributed to a combination of initial hole distributions among the contiguous guanines and the subsequent differences in chemical reaction yields at each guanine. The lack of dependence of k<SUB>5</SUB> on sequence context indicates that the one-electron oxidation of guanine in DNA by CO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>.−</SUP> radicals occurs by an inner-sphere mechanism.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Rates of one-electron oxidation of guanine in DNA by carbonate radicals do not depend on sequence context: The sequence-dependent damage at guanine sites (see figure) is attributed to a combination of initial hole distributions among the contiguous guanines and the subsequent differences in chemical reaction yields at each guanine. <img src='wiley_img/09476539-2007-13-16-CHEM200601434-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/09476539-2007-13-16-CHEM200601434-content'> </P>

Berberine finishing for developing antimicrobial nylon 66 fibers: % exhaustion, colorimetric analysis, antimicrobial study, and empirical modeling

Son, Young-A.,Kim, Byung-Soon,Ravikumar, K.,Kim, Tae-Kyeong Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.103 No.2

<P>Berberine, a natural cationic colorant was successfully employed onto nylon 66 fiber in this research. The effects of three important variables, namely pH, temperature, and liquor ratio were examined on the % exhaustion, color strengths, and color yields of the sample. It has been employed in antimicrobial finishing as a natural agent on nylon 66 due to its characteristics of cationic quaternary ammonium salt. Antimicrobial activity of the sample was studied against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 4352) according to test method KS K 0693-2001 and the corresponding berberine finished sample showed very effective antimicrobial functions showing about 99.9% of bacterial reduction against above-mentioned two bacteria. The maximum % exhaustion, color strengths, and color yields were obtained at 98 °C, alkaline condition (pH 11) and lower liquor ratio (20 : 1). An appropriate predictable empirical models were also developed using Excel solver function incorporating interaction effects of all variables to predict the % exhaustion, color strength(K/S), and the satisfactory results (R<SUP>2</SUP> > 0.99) were obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1175–1182, 2007</P>