Genetic Toxicity Test of Nanosilica by Comet assay and Mouse Lymphoma Assay

Youn?Jung Kim(김연정),Han Seam Choi(최한샘),Dong Ge Ra Mi Moon(문동그라미),Ji Hee Kim(김지희),Hye Gyeong Jo(조혜경),Jae Chun Ryu(류재천) 환경독성보건학회 2007 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

뇌경색증의 급성기에 발생한 변비에 대한 연구

최윤이,김소이,김성은,정혜경,김태헌 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2015 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.38 No.1

Objectives: The prevalence of constipation is high after stroke. Multiple factors such as long-term bed-ridden status, comorbidity, medical illnesses are combined in this condition. However, the change of bowel movement during the early stage of stroke remainsuncertain. Methods: Patients with first stroke who admitted in a single institute from 2008 to 2009 were reviewed retrospectively and 36 patients were enrolled. As a control group, 47 consecutive orthopedic patients needing bed rest without surgery in the same period were enrolled. Data of stroke associated factors, frequency of BM (bowel movement) during 5 weeks, use of gastrointestinal medications, and outcomes were collected from the medical records. Results: The cumulative incidence of decreased (<3/week) and severely decreased BM (<1/week) were 80.6% and 69.4% in stroke patients and 53.2% and 14.9% in control group (P<0.05). The cumulative incidence of increased BM (>3/day) was 38.9% in stroke and 14.9% in control group. In acute stroke, 58% of patient showed severely decreased BM in first week, and the proportion was rapidly decreased below 15% from second week. However, laxative use increased with hospital days. The occurrence of severely decreased BM in stroke patients was associated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS; P=0.004). Severely decreased BM was not associated with poor outcomes including death, morbidity, and stroke recurrence. Conclusion: Decreased BM is common in acute stroke. The occurrence of severely decreased BM is associated with NIHSS. However, the severe manifestation occurred mainly in the first week, and considered to be well controlled by laxatives.

건강보험공단 건강검진과 자비 건강검진 수검자간의 만족도 비교

신연수,박종연,정상혁,정혜영,강혜영 한국의료QA학회 2005 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Backgrouds : This study was performed to compare the satisfaction levels for health examination programs provided by between the Korea National Health Insurance Corporation (KNHIC) and private healthcare organizations in Korea. We investigated factors associated with the satisfaction level for the KNHIC health examination. Also, factors explaining for the additional receipt of private healthcare organization's examination were identified. Methods : A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in June 2004 with 250 beneficiaries of the KNHIC industrial workers' program and 100 beneficiaries of the KNHIC selfemployed program. A total of 297 completed the questionnaire, including 213 (85.2%) and 84 (84.0%) for each insurance program. Ten questions measuring satisfaction levels for each examination program were rated on a scale ranging from 1 (strongly unsatisfied) to 5 (strongly satisfied). Results : Among the subjects receiving both examinations, the mean satisfaction level for the KNHIC examination (3.07) was significantly lower than that for the private healthcare organization's examination (3.50) (p<0.05). The KNHIC examination showed lower satisfaction for all of the 10 items than the counterpart. In particular, the KNHIC examination had the scores of lower than 3.0 for the items reflecting post-examination management services. According to the multiple regression analysis results, the satisfaction for the KNHIC examination was positively associated with the positive attitude toward health examination(•‚=0.38, p<0.00). The logistic regression results showed that the likelihood of receiving the private healthcare organization's examination in addition to the KNHIC examination increases as the respondents were less healthier(OR=0.29, 95% CI = 0.10¢¶0.84), the satisfaction level for the KNHIC examination decreased(OR=0.46, 0.28¢¶0.75) or the attitude toward health examination was more positive (OR=2.56, 1.31¢¶5.12). Conclusion : The relatively low satisfaction level for both examination programs suggests that there's ample room for improvement of health examination services in Korea. The negative association between additional receipt of private healthcare organization's examination and satisfaction level for the KNHIC examination implies that the improvement of the satisfaction for the KNHIC examination would help to reduce the national expenditure spent on the additional examination.

한우의 간 조직에서 성장단계별로 발현하는 유전자의 분리

윤혜숙,구용범 인제대학교 1998 仁濟論叢 Vol.14 No.1

생명체에서 발현되어지는 여러 종류의 유전자들은 조직 특이적으로, 흑은 성장단계별로 다른 발현 양상을 보인다. 한우의 경우에서도 그 발현 양상이 다른 유전자가 있을 것으로 추정된 바, 한우의 간 조직을 이용하여 성장단계별로 그 발현 정도가 다른 유전자를 탐색하고자 하였다. 성장단계에 따른 유전자 발현의 차이는 생시, 6개월, 12개월, 24개월 된 한우의 간 조직에서 합성한 cDNA의 subtraction과 PCR 방법을 이용하여 탐색하였다. PCR로 증폭한 cDNA library에서 임의적으로 선택한 622개의 clone들을 slot-blot hybridization를 이용하여, 간 조직의 성장단계별로 차이가 나는 140개의 clone을 얻었으며, 140개의 clone 중 101개의 clone은 성장단계가 증가할수록 발현 양상이 점차적으로 증가하는 유전자인 반면, 39 개의 clone에서 얻은 유전자는 태어난 후 6 개월 이내에 급격히 발현이 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 점차적인 증가 양상을 보인 유전자들을 조사한 결과, 생체 내에서 유해한 free radical로부터 조직이나 세포 구조의 손상을 방지하는 역할을 하는 유전자들과 지방의 생합성 및 지방산이나 지방의 이동과 관련이 있는 유전자들인 것으로 생각되어진다. In many organisms, many genes are expressed differentially depending on developmental stages and ages. It was believed that some genes are expressed differentially in bovine liver tissue during growth. To analyzed the differentially expressed genes, cDNAs from bovine liver tissues of 0, 6, 12, 24 months old oxen were used for cDNA subtraction and PCR. 622 clones were randomly selected from the subtracted cDNA clones and were used for slot-blot hybridization to screen the clones showing differential expression. 140 clones out of 622 were found to exhibit different levels of hybridization signal to the cDNA probes prepared from liver tissues of different growth stages. Of 140 clones, 101 clones exhibited incremental expression during postnatal growth up to 24 months, whereas the 39 clones showed abrupt increase in expression within 6 months of age. It seems that some of the genes which showed gradual increase in expression during growth are related to removal of free radicals, and the others are related to biosynthesis or transport of lipids. Key words : cDNA subtraction, bovine liver, differential gene expression.

리스페리돈으로 무월경이 발생한 여자 정신분열병 환자의 우울, 불안, 삶의 질에 관한 연구

김연희,연규월,김미경,이혜진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.5

Objectives : Amenorrhea, one of the most common side effects of neuroleptics, has known to be associated with prolactin elevation. Hyperprolactinemia seriously affects mental health causing depression, anxiety or hostility, while also affecting physical health causing amenorrhea, galactorrhea or sexual dysfunction. The possible correlation between nsperidone-induced amenorrhea and depression, anxiety and quality of life was evaluated in a cross-sectional open study. Methods : During a five-month period, WHO quality of life-BREF (WHOQOL), Beck depression inventory (BDI) and state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) were applied twice at two-month intervals for 30 patients with risperidone-induced amenorrhea and 22 patients without amenorrhea. Results : Amenorrhea group had significantly higher scores in BDI and STAI-state, while showing lower scores in the quality of life than control group. The total BDI and STAI-state scores were more negatively correlated with WHOQOL score in amenorrhea group. Conclusion : Patients with risperidone-induced amenorrhea rated themselves significantly more depressed and more an-xious, and a lower quality of life compared to the control group, Clinicians should be more active in evaluating and treating hypemrolactinemic side effects such as amenorrhea, galactorrhea, depression and anxiety.

원예치료를 통한 정신분열증 환자와 일반인들의 우울성 비교

이혜진,안창연,심우경 한국식물인간환경학회 2000 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.3 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in depression for schizophrenia patient and people between pre- and post- horticultural therapy program. The result was as the follows ; Depression of schizophrenia patients averaged 61.83 to 51.33 and general people averaged 41.05 to 38.95(p〈.05). The result indicated that horticultural therapy program was effective in depression treatment not only schizophrenia patient but also general people.

CPPU유도 참다래 단위결과 과실의 특성

조윤섭,조혜성,박문영,박재옥,박태동,김월수 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2001 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.36 No.-

This study was designed to find out an alternative to artificial pollination in kiwifruit production. The parthenocarpic kiwifruits induced by (N-2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenyl urea (CPPU) treatment tended to be less attractive due to deep furrowing and excessive outgrowth of stigma in mature fruits. Especially, on flower buds after CPPU spray, severe fruit-drop was induced. It was considered enough to spray CPPU at more than 4ppm to attain sufficient fruit set but needed to spray CPPU at more than 16ppm to attain marketable fruit size. When CPPU at 16ppm was sprayed to the same flower once, twice or three time, the fruits received CPPU treatment more time was larger but less attractive. Application of CPPU mare than at 16ppm seemed to be necessary to produce fruits heavier than 80 gr. Enlargement of the fruits received CPPU treatment mainly occurred cross wisely and vertical development was not affected and thickening of outer pericarp primarily contributed to the fruit enlargement. Difference in flesh color or contents of vitamin C and sugars between control fruits and CPPU-treated fruits was not noticed. In conclusion, CPPU treatment to induce parthenocarpic kiwifruits could be commercially applicable, only the method for improving fruit appearance is worked out.

간암조직에서 DNA methyltransferase의 발현

이귀연,박혜정,심용희 建國大學校基礎科學硏究所 2002 理學論集 Vol.27 No.-

암억제유전자의 과메틸화는 유전자의 발현을 억제하는 작용으로 암발생 기전에 중요한 요인으로 알려져 왔다. DNA 과메틸화는 DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt)에 의해서 생성되는데 현재까지 그 기능이 알려진 것으로 Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b가 있다. 본 논문에서는 한국인의 간암조직 27개과 각 예에 상응되는 정상조직 27 개에서 위의 세 효소의 발현정도를 역전사효소-중합연쇄반응으로 조사하였다. Dnmt1는 정상조직에서 40.7% (11/27), 간암조직에서 33.3% (9/27); Dnmt3a는 정상조직에서 22.2% (6/27), 간암조직에서 63% (17/27); Dnmt3b는 정상조직에서는 전혀 발현 되지 않았으며 간암조직에서 51.9% (14/27)가 발현되었다. Dnmt1은 유전자의 메틸화정도를 유지시키는 기능을 하는 반면에 Dnmt3a와 Dnmt3b는 de novo 메틸화를 담당한다. Dnmt3a와 Dnmt3b의 발현이 Dnmt1보다 1.6-1.9 배 간암조직에서 높았으며 정상조직에서는 Dnmt1 (40.7%)의 발현이 22.2%인 Dnmt3a와 전혀 발현을 보이지 않은 Dnmt3b보다 훨씬 높았다. 위의 실험결과는 정상조직에서는 유전자의 메틸화를 유지하기 위하여 DNA 메틸화가 되는 반면에 종양조직에서는 새로운 유전자의 메틸화가 유발됨을 시사한다. 이는 새로운 유전자의 과메틸화의 증가가 암 발생기전의 요인이 될 가능성을 제시하는 결과이다. Hypermethylation on CpG islands of a tumor suppressor gene has been frequently detected in a variety of cancer cells and known to repress the level of transcription. To identify the molecular mechanism for hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), we examined DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) expression level in HCC. Three Dnmts, Dnmt1, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b that have been identified as being enzymatically active were examined by RT-PCR. Expression of Dnmts was detected in both non-neoplastic control liver and in HCC. Eleven out of 27 (40.7%) controls and 9 out of 27 (33.3%) HCC; 6 out of 27 (22.2%) controls and 17 out of 27 (63%) HCC; none of 27 controls and 14 out of 27 (51.9%) HCC revealed expression of Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b, respectively. The relatively high frequency of Dnmt1 expression in non-neoplastic control suggests that expression of Dnmt1 is required for maintenance of methylation profile in non-neoplastic cells. In addition, higher frequencies of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b expression in HCC suggest that de novo DNA methylation in tumor cells may be the major process for gene inactivation during hepatocarcinogenesis.

제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 적극적 환자 교육이 혈당조절에 미치는 효과

이윤욱,황원선,최선정,이동훈,김도현,이은희,홍은경,노혜림,정윤석,이관우,김현만 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.1

연구배경: 현재까지의 당뇨병 교육에 대한 노력은 제한되었으며, 연구 결과를 보면 식사 조절 교육과 체중 조절 프로그램을 수행한 환자들 중 적극적이고 기간이 긴 교육을 받은 경우, 성공적 결과가 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 자가관리나 체중감량 등의 당뇨병 치료의 중요한 목표는 적극적이고 긴 기간의 교육 없이는 시행되기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 외래에서 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 시행할 수 있는 행동 및 식사 교육 등의 적극적 교육 프로그램을 개발하여 제2형 당뇨병 환자들을 대상으로 이들에게 식사 조절 방법에 대한 목표설정과 문제에 직면하였을 때의 해결 방법 등을 교육해서 궁극적으로는 적극적 자아관리에 연결될 수 있도록 도와주는 것을 목적으로 기존의 통상적 교육과 보다 적극적인 교육이 당뇨병 환자의 혈당 조절에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 알아보기 위해 다음과 같은 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 아주대학교 병원 내분비 대사 내과를 처음으로 방문하여 치료받았던 58명의 제2형 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 내원 환자들을 무작위하게 추출하여 진찰권 번호 끝자리에 따라 홀수는 통상적 교육군(conventional education group, CE)과 짝수는 적극적 교육군(intensive education group, IE)으로 나누어 교육하고, 3개월후에 교육의 효과를 평가하였다. 결과: 1) 연구 대상자들의 교육 전과 후의 공복혈당, 식후2시간 혈당 및 HbA_lc 치는 IE군과 CE군 모두 각 그룹 내에서, 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). IE군에서는 공복혈당이 12.4nmol/L에서 7.7nmol/L로, 식후2시간 혈당이 20.3nmol/L에서 10.9nmol/L으로, HbA_lc치가 9.4%에서 7.0%로 모두 교육 전에 비하여, 교육 후에 감소(p<0.05)하였고, CE군도 공복혈당은 10.9nmol/L에서 9.4nmol/L로, 식후2시간 혈당은 17.1nmol/L에서 14.6nmol/L으로 HbA_lc가 8.5%에서 7.3%으로 모두 교육 후에 감소하였다(p<0.05). 또한, 교육 전에 비하여 교육 후에 공복 혈당 및 HbA_lc치가 감소하는 정도는 IE군에서의 감소가 CE군에 비해 더 현저하였다Op<0.05). 2) 식사에 대한 태도는 3부분으로 나누어 식사에 대한 규칙성, 식사 내용의 균형성, 식사에 대한 태도 등으로 나누어 각각의 점수 및 총점을 비교하였으며 교육 전에 비해 교육 후에 연구 대상자들의 식태도가 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 두 그룹간의 차이를 분석한 결과 식사의 균형성 항목에서와 총점에서 유의적으로 두 그룹의 차이를 보여서 IE군에 CE군에 비해 식사의 균형성 측면이 향상되었고, 전체적인 식태도가 좋아졌음을 알 수 있었다(p<0.05). 결론: 비교적 긴 기간은 아니지만 적극적 교육을 받은 당뇨병 환자들이 통상적 교육을 받은 군보다 혈당 및 HbA_lc, 식태도 점수등의 수치의 호전뿐만 아니라 당뇨병 환자의 삶에서 중요한 부분을 차지하는 식사요법 관리 부분에 있어 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. Background: To this date, efforts to develop effective methods for the education of diabetic patients have been limited. The important goal of self-management and weight control for diabetic treatment can not be attained without long and intensive period of education. This study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of an intensive educational program, of behavior and diet control, which was carried out on subjects with type 2 diabetes, on and out-patient basis. we compared the effectiveness of an intensive education programme with that of a conventional education programme for the self-management of type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected, and allocated to one of two groups. One group received a conventional education programme of self-management(the CE group), and the second group received an intensive education progammes for three months, after which the effectiveness of the programmes were evaluate. Results: 1) The levels of fasting blood sugar(FBS), postprandial 2 hour blood sugar(PP2h) and HbA1c were significantly lowered in both groups following the intervention(p<0.05). In the IE group, the FBS declined from 12.4nmol/L to 7.7nmol/L, PP2h declined from 20.3nmol/L to 10.9nmol/L, and the HbA_lc showed a similar decline from 9.4 to 7.0% after intervention(p<0.05). In the Ce group, the FBS declined from 10.9 to 9.4nmol/l, the PP2h decreased from 17.1 to 14.6nmol/l, and the HbA_lc also decreased from 8.5 to 7.3% after intervention(p<0.05). The decrease in the FBS and HbA_lc following the educational intervention was more pronounced in the IE group than the CE group(p<0.05). 2) The effectiveness of the education programmes in promoting appropriate dietary behavior in the diabetic subjects was assessed by a scoring system in three parts: a regularity score, a balance score and an attitude score. From a comparative study of the three scores, the patients attitudes were observed to be much improved in both the groups following the intervention compared to before the programmes, but the balance and total scores were significantly higher in the IE group than the CE group(p<0.05). Conclusion: We can conclude that the intensive diabetic education programme is more effective than a conventional programme, not only in improving the patients' levels of glucose, HbA_lc, and dietary score, but also the diabetic patients self-control abilities, promoting behavioral change, and prompting problem solving capabilities in respect to the everyday problems that they have to face throughout their lives(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 18:63∼72, 2003).

자일리톨 섭취에 따른 Streptococcus mutans의 글루칸 생성관련 유전자 발현 억제효과

김지혜,이영은,안상헌,최연희,남순현,송근배 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구에서는 장기적인 자일리톨의 섭취가 Streptococcus mutans의 대표적인 독성인자 중 하나인 글루칸 생성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 글루칸 합성효소인 glucosyltansferase의 mRNA 발현을 실시간 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응을 통해 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 24개월 동안 자일리톨껌을 섭취한 군에서 타액 내 Streptococcus mutans의 colony 수는 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 2. 비수용성 글루칸 합성에 관여하는 유전자인 gtfB, gtfC의 발현은 자일리톨껌을 섭취한 군에서 시간이 지남에 따라 유의 하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 특히 gtfB의 발현은 12개월과 24개월째 대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았고, gtfC의 발현은 24개월째 대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 3. 수용성 글루칸 합성에 관여하는 유전자인 gtfD의 발현 역시 자일리톨껌을 섭취한 군에서 시간이 지남에 따라 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 또한 gtfD의 발현은 12개월과 24개월째 대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과들을 종합해 보았을 때, 자일리톨의 섭취는 구강 내 Streptococcus mutans의 글루칸 합성 관련 유전자들의 발현을 억제시킴으로써 Streptococcus mutans의 수적인 감소를 가져오는 것으로 생각된다. Xylitol has the ability to reduce the adherence of Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans), which can make it easier to remove plaque, decrease acid production and inhibit dental caries. There are few reports on the effects of xylitol on the expression of the virulence related genes in S. mutans. This study examined the inhibitory effect of chewing gum containing xylitol on glucan synthesis related gene expression of S. mutans. Participants were voluntarily recruited for a women's oral health prevention program, classified into two groups(a control and a xylitol group), and then followed for 2 years. Twenty salivary samples were randomly selected from each group. Colony count and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze the characteristics of S. mutans. The following results were obtained: The S. mutans counts decreased steadily in the xylitol group over the study period(p<0.05). The expression of the virulence related genes (gtfB, gtfC and gtfD) was significantly lower in the xylitol group than in the control groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that chewing xylitol gum for a long period of time may reduce the expression of the genes associated with S. mutans virulence, which can result in a decrease growth of S. mutans colonies as a result.