일본 불교 물질문화의 정신적 배경 : 불교의 물질관과 중세 일본 불교의 물질을 둘러싼 담론

박연주 ( Park¸ Yeonjoo ) 한서대학교 동양고전연구소 2021 동방학 Vol.0 No.44

이 글은 불교 물질문화 연구를 위한 시론으로서, 동아시아를 비롯 불교가 성행했던 문화권에서 불교 특유의 물질문화가 번영하게 된 배경을 고찰하며 특히 불교의 물질에 대한 인식과 태도에 주목한다. 먼저 역사적으로 불교 물질문화의 번영에도 불구하고 물질문화 전반이나 그 안에서 사용된 불교 관련 사물에 대한 연구가 미미함을 지적하고, 그 원인으로서 동서양을 막론하고 종교학계에 만연한 편견과 그 문제점을 살펴보며 불교 물질문화 연구의 필요성을 확인한다. 그리고 중국의 불교를 중심으로 역사적으로 불교의 물질에 대한 태도와 그 변화를 살펴본 후, 일본 불교에서의 물질관과 그 논의의 역사를 집중적으로 고찰한다. 그리고 무엇보다도 중세 일본의 밀교, 그 중에서도 중세 천태 불교의 교학적 논의의 성숙과 발전에 따라 활발히 전개된 초목성불의 담론이 일본 불교의 물질관에 어떠한 영향을 주었는지를 살펴보고, 결과적으로 불교 측의 물질에 대한 긍정적 인식과 태도를 이끄는데 그 정신적 토대가 되었음을 확인한다. This essay, as a first step for the study of Buddhist material culture, explores the ground of the prosperous material culture in East Asia, focusing on Buddhist attitudes toward materials. Identifying the lack of material studies in the field of Buddhism, the essay criticizes common biases about the study of material entities, spread among scholars of religion across the world. After a brief illustration of Buddhist attitudes toward materials in China, the essay specifically examines the history of Japanese Buddhist thought regarding materials and material culture. In particular, this essay explores how the medieval Tendai discussion about the attainment of Buddhahood by grass and trees was developed, as the Tendai doctrine of original enlightenment matured in medieval Japan. Moreover, the essay investigates the manner in which these discourses transformed Japanese Buddhist attitudes toward materials in general, and concludes that these materials provided the spiritual ground for the developed prosperity of Buddhist material culture throughout Japanese history.

Taming Dragons: The Buddhist Mythmaking of Sacred Violence in Medieval Buddhist Tales Samgukyusa and Konjaku Monogatarishū

Yeonjoo Park 한국동서비교문학학회 2021 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.- No.58

The insights available in Japanese medieval Buddhist narratives on the appropriation and reconstruction of various non-Buddhist divine characters has long been overlooked. Yet an examination of these narratives reveals Buddhist thinkers’ endeavors to reconfigure the religious and cultural roles of folk religious worship and related figures into essential tools through which they could popularize Buddhism, legitimize Buddhist cosmology, and, ultimately, to dominate the religious and cultural milieu of medieval Japan. This essay compares such medieval Buddhist narratives of Japan with Korean mythic tale literature. It pays particular attention to representations of folk religious figures in the works, and in particular, the dragon, an exceptionally prominent character associated with particular roles and symbolism in the simplified, popularized Buddhist framework represented in the dragon character in Korean literature Samgukyusa (三國遺事) and Japanese Konjaku monogatarishū (今昔物語集). The essay investigates various representations of the dragon, which was apparently understood in ambivalent terms—as both a sacred figure and a being inferior to Buddhist figures. Moreover, the way in which such representation is related to medieval Japanese discourse of defilement and threatening power is illuminated. Consequently, the essay discusses how Buddhist mythographers in medieval Japan devised a sophisticated literary strategy to accommodate non-Buddhist religious symbols and, simultaneously, to marginalize them.

Extended Fitts' Law for Three-Dimensional Environment

Yeonjoo Cha,Rohae Myung 대한인간공학회 2010 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

This study explored an extended three-dimensional Fitts' law that is more suited for the pointing task than the conventional Fitts' law. The experiments were conducted under the manipulation of the distance to the target, size of the target, and direction of the target's location that can be described by two angles, ?1 and ?2. Considering the starting point as the center of coordinates, ?1 is the angle between the positive z-axis and the target location and ?2 is the angle between the positive y-axis and the projected target location on the x-y plane. From the experimental results, we confirmed that all four variables significantly affect the movement time. As we extended the index of difficulty of the conventional Fitts' model by incorporating ?1 and ?2, we established an extended Fitts' model that showed better accordance with the empirical data than the conventional Fitts' model and 3D Fitts' law of Murata and Iwase, in terms of the r² and the standard error of the residual between the measured movement time and the predicted value.

The Role of Explicit Instruction in Learning L2 Grammar Through an Interactive Language Task

YeonJoo Jung 한국응용언어학회 2019 응용 언어학 Vol.35 No.1

This study examined the effect of explicit instruction on the acquisition of second language (L2) grammar when it is presented to L2 learners before carrying out an interactive language task. In particular, this study investigated the role of explicit instruction in drawing learners’ attention to the target linguistic form (i.e., noticing) during peer interaction and facilitating the learning of the relevant structure. The target grammatical structure was the object-of-preposition type of relative clauses (RCs). The current study employed a pretest-posttest design with 32 English as a Second Language (ESL) learners who were randomly assigned to either an interactive task with explicit instruction (+EI) group or an interactive task alone (-EI) group. Learners participated in a pretest, a treatment session, and a posttest. Learners’ implicit and explicit knowledge of the target structure was measured using a grammaticality judgment task and a sentence completion task, respectively. Results indicated that explicit instruction did not necessarily lead to greater instances of noticing and that explicit instruction was beneficial for acquiring explicit knowledge but not implicit knowledge.

Change points detection for nonstationary multivariate time series

Yeonjoo Park,Hyeongjun Im,Yaeji Lim 한국통계학회 2023 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.30 No.4

[Article]Self-Regulation toward Critical Thinking among American, Korean-American, and Korean students in the U. S.

Yeonjoo Song 교육혁신학술위원회 2010 교육혁신연구 Vol.20 No.2

Since the concept of critical thinking has been widened to include both cognitive skills and affective dispositions, several empirical studies have begun to explore cultural differences in critical thinking. Although a few studies have shown cultural differences in critical thinking dispositions, very little empirical research has been conducted to examine cultural differences in critical thinking skills and critical thinking as a whole. And there are very little empirical studies to examine the processes using both skills and dispositions. Based on the assumption that critical thinking and self-regulation both have dispositional aspects as well as skills, the purpose of this study is to explore cultural differences in the processes though skills and dispositions in terms of self-regulation among American, Korean-American, and Korean students, and to extend the differences in critical thinking. As a result, there were no significant differences in self-regulation among the three different cultural groups. In terms of the seven processes on self-regulation, however, differences among the three different cultural groups were found and the difference was revealed by the interaction between culture and gender among the three different cultural groups. It means that there would be possibility to say that the differences in thinking across cultures might be a matter of applying, not different ability. This study would have the potential of being helpful in showing what role cultures themselves play on the relationship between skills and dispositions, understanding how extensive the differences actually are. 비판적 사고가 인지적 기능뿐만 아니라 이러한 인지적 기능을 사용하게 하는 정서적 성향을 포함하며 그 개념이 확장되기 시작하면서, 비판적 사고 내 문화적 차이를 살펴보는 경험적 연구가 시행되기 시작하였다. 이를 통해 비판적 사고 성향에서의 문화적 차이가 입증되고 있지만, 비판적 사고 기능과 비판적 사고에 대한 문화간 차이를 보는 실증적 연구는 현재 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 또한 인지적 기능과 정서적 성향의 관계에 대한 경험적 연구 역시 시행되고 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비판적 사고의 문화적 차이를 보기에 앞서, 비판적 사고의 개념과 유사하게 인지적 기능뿐만 아니라 정서적 성향의 측면을 동시에 가지고 있는 자기조절력을 통해 기능과 성향의 관계에 대한 문화적 차이를 살펴보고, 그 관계를 통해 비판적 사고 과정에서 나타날 수 있는 문화적 차이를 유추해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 미국 소재 펜실베니아 대학에 재학 중인 미국인, 미국계 한국인, 그리고 한국인 대학생을 대상으로 자기조절력과 자기조절력 하위 과정에 따라 차이가 나타나는지 확인하였다. 분석결과, 자기조절력에는 문화적 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, 자기조절력의 하위 과정에서는 유의미한 차이가 발견되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 사고 과정에서 나타나는 문화적 차이는 능력의 문제가 아닌 적용의 문제일 수 있음을 시사한다.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in cancer patients -Is it really necessary and unavoida ble?

( Yeonjoo Choi ),( Jin Won Kim ),( Beo-deul Kang ),( Ji-won Kim ),( Se-hyun Kim ),( Jeong-ok Lee ),( Yu Jung Kim ),( Keun-wook Lee ),( Jee Hyun Kim ),( Soo-mee Bang ),( Jong Seok Lee ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Introduction: In-hospital cardiopulmonary-resuscitation (CPR) is one of the disastrous situations. There are concerns whether patients in a palliative phase of cancer are the candidate for CPR or not. The avoidance of unnecessary CPR is important issues in palliative care of cancer. Methods: We reviewed medical records of division of hematology and medical Oncology, department of Internal Medicine in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and analyzed characteristics of CRP situations from March 2003 toJune 2015. Total a 137 patients with cancer happened cardio-pulmonary- arrest and were given CPR including cardiac massage, intubation, DC cardioversion and intensive care unit treatment. We used modified pre-arrest morbidity (mPAM) score to evaluate medical conditions which result in arrest. Results: The mean age was 67 years (range, 39 99). Eighty eight patients (64.2%) were men and 50 patients (36.4%) were women. The primary malignancies were acute leukemia in 13 patients (9.4%), lung cancer in 40 patients (29.1%), lymphoma in 20 patients (14.6%), gastric cancer in 23 patients (16.7%), and other tumor type in 42 patients (30.2%). The causes of arrest were asphyxia from pulmonary aspiration in 15 patients (10.9%), cancer-related bleeding in 21 patients (15.3%), infection related chemotherapy in 23 patients (16.7%), infection not-related chemotherapy in 13 patients (9.4%), cancer progression in 33 patients (24.0%) and other causes in 34 patients (24.8%). The mean of mPAM score was 1.35. The 52 patients (37.9%) were given unnecessary CPR. Of unnecessary CPR, their relatives wanted resuscitation in 4 (2.9%). 85 patients (62.0%) received necessary CPR because they were on chemotherapy cycle or had chemotherapy plans. However, first return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate was 43.7%, but re-arrest happened to most of them. So in-hospital survival rate was 8.7%. Discussions: The prognosis in patients who received CPR in palliative care of cancer was poor. Therefore, we should make an effort to avoid arrest events.

The Longitudinal Relationship between Mother’s Parenting Stress and Children’s Externalizing Problem Behavior

( Yeonjoo Kim ) 한국유아교육학회 2021 정기학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.1

Rapid HBV DNA Undetection: Useful Marker in Predicting Tumor Recurrence after Hepatectomy for HBV-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Yeonjoo Kwon,Tae Yoo,Won Tae Cho 대한외과학회 2022 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2022 No.5

Mitigation of Language in Post-Observation Conferences Between Two Peer Teachers

YeonJoo Jung 한국응용언어학회 2018 응용 언어학 Vol.34 No.3

This qualitative study examined the patterns of utterance-level mitigation strategies employed by peer teachers in the formulation of the suggestions and advice provided during a post-observation conference (POC) after peer observation of teaching (POT). Two peer teachers, who were serving as instructors for undergraduate level courses at the same university, participated in this study. Over a period of one semester, one of the two teachers observed the other teacher’s class two times, focusing on the agenda determined in the pre-observation conference. After each class visit, the observing teacher and the observed teacher had a POC in order to discuss the lesson in terms of the problems, strengths, possible future improvements. Findings showed that both the observing teacher and the observed teacher used a range of mitigating devices to protect each other’s positive and negative face. This suggests that despite the peers’ close relationship with balanced power, they were aware of the potential threat to face and the need to employ language mitigating strategies to maintain each other’s face in the POCs.