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( Xi Zhong ),( Guopeng Liang ),( Lili Cao ),( Qi Qiao ),( Zhi Hu ),( Min Fu ),( Hong Bo ),( Qin Wu ),( Guanlin Liang ),( Zhongwei Zhang ),( Lin Zhou ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.10
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) have been employed to improve the intestinal development of weaned animals. The goal of this study was to determine whether either exogenous S. cerevisiae or GLP-2 elicits major effects on fecal microbiotas and cytokine responses in weaned piglets. Ninety-six piglets weaned at 26 days were assigned to one of four groups: 1) Basal diet (Control), 2) empty vector-harboring S. cerevisiae (EV-SC), 3) GLP-2-expressing S. cerevisiae (GLP2-SC), and 4) recombinant human GLP-2 (rh-GLP2). At the start of the post-weaning period (day 0), and at day 28, fecal samples were collected to assess the bacterial communities via sequencing the V1-V2 region of the 16SrRNA gene, and piglets’ blood was also sampled to measure cytokine responses (i.e., IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). This study revealed that, on the one hand, although S. cerevisiae supplementation did not significantly alter the growth of weaned piglets, it induced increases in the relative abundances of two core genera (Ruminococcaceae_norank and Erysipelotrichaceae_norank) and decreases in the relative abundances of two other core genera (Lachnospiraceae_norank and Clostridiale_norank) and cytokine levels (IL-1β and TNF-α) (p < 0.05, Control vs EV-SC; p < 0.05, rh-GLP2 vs GLP2-SC). On the other hand, GLP-2 supplementation had no significant influence on fecal bacterial communities and cytokine levels, but it produced better body weight and average daily gain (p < 0.05, Control vs EV-SC; p < 0.05, rh-GLP2 vs GLP2-SC). Therefore, altered fecal microbiotas and cytokine response effects in weaned piglets were due to S. cerevisiae rather than GLP-2.
AEROSOL SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION IN URBAN AREAS OF NORTHERN CHINA
ZHONG, LIANG-XI,CHUNG,YONG-SEUNG,NING,DA-TONG 한국교원대학교 환경과학연구소 1996 환경연구논문집 Vol.- No.3
Based on monitoring data collected in the northern cities of China since 1980, the particle size spectra, distribution modes and the elements distribution features are dicussed in this article. It is found that the major aerial contaminant in urban aerosol of northern China is fine dust. It makes up about 70% of the total suspended particulate matter by mass concentration. The spectra of aerosol particles in the range 0.5-15.0㎛ are all unimodal structures. Regardless of narrow or broad profiles, their peak values fall between 0.5 and 1.0㎛, while their surface area spectra present a trimodal structure. The three peaks are in the range 0.5-1.8, 2-8 and 10.20 ㎛, respectively. Of these peaks the surface area concentration of particulates had made a large contribution to the first and the second peaks. The shape of mass distribution also presents a trimodal structure, and the positions of the three peaks are the same as those found in the surface area pattern. Mineral elements mainly exist in large size particles. The anthropogenic pollution elements, however, are contained in corpuscles (<2.0㎛). Compared to the situation in winter, some element concentrations of particulates in summer are found to have generally decreased. Copyright ⓒ 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Characteristics of Ozone Concentration in the Rural Area of Korea
Chung, Yong Seung,Zhong, Liang Xi 한국환경과학회 1995 한국환경과학회지 Vol.4 No.1
Continuous measurements of ground-level ozone (O_3) were made in five minutes intervals in the rural area of Korea from July 1993 to June 1994. This site is located in Chongwon, near latitude 36.4˚ N, longitude 127.6˚ E. The results show that the one-year mean value was 17 ppb, and monthly mean ranged from 6 to 47 ppb. A pronounced maximum in summer and a minimum in winter were found, and these were related to anthropogenic emission and photochemical reaction. Diurnal variations of ozone concentration showed a normal distribution with a maximum at 15:00 - 16:00 and a minimum at 07:00 - 08:00. During the period when ozone concentration was very high (> 80 ppb), the stable winds were from N and NW; on the other hand, when ozone concentration was very low, air movement in the large scale was from the North Pacific Ocean. This suggests that in the rural area the long range transport of anthropogenic pollutants from distant sources can contribute to the larger contribution than the generation of ozone from local sources in the rural area.
A Small Bipedal Trans-Scale Precision Positioning Stage Based on Inertial Stick-Slip Driving
Xi Zhang,Bowen Zhong,Bin Liu,Ziqi Jin,Zhenhua Wang,Lining Sun 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.22 No.3
The small size and high flexibility of the mobile platform is widely used in many fields such as electron scanning microscope (SEM), but the mobile platform still adopts the structure of guide rail at present and has the problem of large volume and poor flexibility, which cannot meet the requirements of SEM for small cavity. Therefore, this paper proposes a small bipedal trans-scale precision positioning stage based on the inertial stick-slip driving to achieve small size and high flexibility. The mobile platform consists of two piezoelectric actuators, a frame structure, two bottom plates, two pre-tightening screws, and magnets, and the volume is 15 mm × 10 mm × 9.5 mm. To investigate the locomotion characteristics of the mobile platform, a prototype is manufactured, and a series of experiments are carried out. The experimental results show that its linear motion velocity can reach 3.553 mm/s and its angular velocity can reach 462.72mrad/s, which means that the mobile platform has good motion performance.
Zhong, L.L.,Yao, J.H.,Cheng, N.,Sun, Y.J.,Liu, Y.R.,Wang, Y.J.,Sun, X.Q.,Xi, H.B. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.6
This study investigated whether supplemental Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn are needed in a practical diet for pullets. Four hundred and twenty females of an egg-laying strain (1-d-old, Lohmann Brown Layer) were randomly distributed into 4 groups, consisting of 7 replicates of 15 birds each. During the 18-week experimental period, chicks were given three basal diets in sequence, each with single or multiple Mn, Zn and Cu supplementation to improve the mineral balance gradually. In the Control, no Mn, Zn, and Cu were added; in the single Mn supplemented group (sMn) Mn was added to 120, 60, and 60 mg/kg for 1-6, 7-12, and 13-18 weeks of age, respectively; in the multiple Mn and Zn supplemented group (mMnZn), Mn was added to 180, 90, and 90 mg/kg and Zn was added to 120, 105, and 105 mg/kg for 1-6, 7-12, and 13-18 weeks of age, respectively; in the multiple Mn, Zn, Cu supplemented group (mMnZnCu), Mn, Zn, and Cu were added to the same multiple of basal Fe concentration relative to NRC (1994) recommendations. Energy and protein metabolizability were determined by subtracting energy/protein intake by energy/protein excretion (from both feces and urine) and dividing by energy/protein intake. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of feed intake, final body weight or tibia length throughout the experiment. Optimal growth performance was observed in the Control, while adding trace minerals to basal diets tended to result in decreased productive performance. Protein metabolizability was increased by mMnZn and mMnZnCu treatments, but energy metabolizability was not affected. Concentrations of Mn, Zn, Cu in excreta varied greatly related to dietary content, and the retentions of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn were all increased due to the improvement of mineral balance. Based on these results, it is suggested that the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn in typical basal diets used in this study were adequate for normal growth for pullets from 1 to 18 weeks of age.