Association Between Pancreatitis and Subsequent Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: a Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies

Tong, Gui-Xian,Geng, Qing-Qing,Chai, Jing,Cheng, Jing,Chen, Peng-Lai,Liang, Han,Shen, Xing-Rong,Wang, De-Bin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.12

This study aimed to summarize published epidemiological evidence for the relationship between pancreatitis and subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer (PC). We searched Medline and Embase for epidemiological studies published by February $5^{th}$, 2014 examining the risk of PC in pancreatitis patients using highly inclusive algorithms. Information about first author, year of publication, country of study, recruitment period, type of pancreatitis, study design, sample size, source of controls and attained age of subjects were extracted by two researchers and Stata 11.0 was used to perform the statistical analyses and examine publication bias. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with the random effects model. A total of 17 articles documenting 3 cohort and 14 case-control studies containing 14,667 PC cases and 17,587 pancreatitis cases were included in this study. The pooled OR between pancreatitis and PC risk was 7.05 (95%CI: 6.42-7.75). Howeever, the pooled ORs of case-control and cohort studies were 4.62 (95%CI: 4.08-5.22) and 16.3 (95%CI: 14.3-18.6) respectively. The risk of PC was the highest in patients with chronic pancreatitis (pooled OR=10.35; 95%CI: 9.13-11.75), followed by unspecified type of pancreatitis (pooled OR=6.41; 95%CI: 4.93-8.34), both acute and chronic pancreatitis (pooled OR=6.13; 95%CI: 5.00-7.52), and acute pancreatitis (pooled OR=2.12; 95%CI: 1.59-2.83). The pooled OR of PC in pancreatitis cases diagnosed within 1 year was the highest (pooled OR=23.3; 95%CI: 14.0-38.9); and the risk in subjects diagnosed with pancreatitis for no less than 2, 5 and 10 years were 3.03 (95%CI: 2.41-3.81), 2.82 (95%CI: 2.12-3.76) and 2.25 (95%CI: 1.59-3.19) respectively. Pancreatitis, especially chronic pancreatitis, was associated with a significantly increased risk of PC; and the risk decreased with increasing duration since diagnosis of pancreatitis.

Association Between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Subsequent Risk of Cancer: a Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies

Tong, Gui-Xian,Cheng, Jing,Chai, Jing,Geng, Qing-Qing,Chen, Peng-Lai,Shen, Xin-Rong,Liang, Han,Wang, De-Bin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.10

Purpose: This study aimed at summarizing epidemiological evidence of the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and subsequent risk of cancer. Materials and Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, Cancer Lit and CINAHL for epidemiological studies published by February 1, 2014 examining the risk of cancer in patients with history of GDM using highly inclusive algorithms. Information about first author, year of publication, country of study, study design, cancer sites, sample sizes, attained age of subjects and methods used for determining GDM status were extracted by two researchers and Stata version 11.0 was used to perform the meta-analysis and estimate the pooled effects. Results: A total of 9 articles documented 5 cohort and 4 case-control studies containing 10,630 cancer cases and 14,608 women with a history of GDM were included in this review. Taken together, the pooled odds ratio (OR) between GDM and breast cancer risk was 1.01 (0.87-1.17); yet the same pooled ORs of case-control and cohort studies were 0.87 (0.71-1.06) and 1.25 (1.00-1.56) respectively. There are indications that GDM is strongly associated with higher risk of pancreatic cancer (HR=8.68) and hematologic malignancies (HR=4.53), but no relationships were detected between GDM and other types of cancer. Conclusions: Although GDM increases the risk of certain types of cancer, these results should be interpreted with caution becuase of some methodological flaws. The issue merits added investigation and coordinated efforts between researchers, antenatal clinics and cancer treatment and registration agencies to help attain better understanding.

Association of Risk of Gastric Cancer and Consumption of Tobacco, Alcohol and Tea in the Chinese Population

Tong, Gui-Xian,Liang, Han,Chai, Jing,Cheng, Jing,Feng, Rui,Chen, Peng-Lai,Geng, Qing-Qing,Shen, Xing-Rong,Wang, De-Bin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20

This study aimed at summarizing epidemiological research findings on associations between tobacco, alcohol and tea consumption and risk of gastric cancer (GC) in the Chinese population. The review searched PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and China Biology Medicine (CBM) databases and reference lists of review papers for all studies published in English or Chinese languages. Information extracted, via two independent researchers, from retrieved articles included first author, year of publication, study design, sample size, source of controls and adjusted odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each category. Statistical analyses used software STATA version 12.0. The systematic search found 89 articles containing 25,821 GC cases and 135,298 non-cases. The overall random effects in terms of pooled OR and 95%CI for tobacco, alcohol and tea consumption were 1.62 (95%CI: 1.50-1.74), 1.57 (95%CI: 1.41-1.76) and 0.67 (95%CI: 0.59-0.76) respectively; while the heterogeneity among included studies ranged from 80.1% to 87.5%. The majority of subgroup analyses revealed consistent results with the overall analyses. All three behavioral factors showed statistically significant dose-dependent effects on GC (P<0.05). The study revealed that tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking were associated with over 1/2 added risk of GC, while tea drinking conferred about 1/3 lower risk of GC in the Chinese population. However, these results should be interpreted with caution given the fact that most of the included studies were based on a retrospective design and heterogeneity among studies was relatively high.

Diagnostic Value of Rectal Bleeding in Predicting Colorectal Cancer: a Systematic Review

Tong, Gui-Xian,Chai, Jing,Cheng, Jing,Xia, Yi,Feng, Rui,Zhang, Lu,Wang, De-Bin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

This study aimed at summarizing published study findings on the diagnostic value of rectal bleeding (RB) and informing clinical practice, preventive interventions and future research areas. We searched Medline and Embase for studies published by September 13, 2013 examining the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with RB using highly inclusive algorithms. Data for sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and positive predictive value (PPV) of RB were extracted by two researchers and analyzed applying Meta-Disc (version 1.4) and Stata (version 11.0). Methodological quality of studies was assessed according to QUADAS. A total of 38 studies containing 5,626 colorectal cancer patients and 73,174 participants with RB were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.47 (95% CI: 0.45-0.48) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.96-0.96) respectively. The overall PPVs ranged from 0.01 to 0.21 with a pooled value of 0.06 (95% CI: 0.05-0.08). Being over the age of 60 years, change in bowel habit, weight loss, anaemia, colorectal cancer among first-degree relatives and feeling of incomplete evacuation of rectum appeared to increase the predictive value of RB. Although RB greatly increases the probability of diagnosing colorectal cancer, it alone may not be sufficient for proposing further sophisticated investigations. However, given the high specificity, subjects without RB may be ruled out of further investigations. Future studies should focus on strategies using RB as an "alarm" symptom and finding additional indications to justify whether there is a need for further investigations.

A Novel Selenium- and Copper-Containing Peptide with Both Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase Activities

Xian Feng Zou,Yue Tong Ji,Gui Gao,Xue Jun Zhu,Shao Wu Lv,Fei Yan,Si Ping Han,Xing Chen,Chang Cheng Gao,Jun Qiu Liu,Gui Min Luo 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.1

Characteristics of Microsatellites in the Transcript Sequences of the Laccaria bicolor Genome

( Shu Xian Li ),( Xin Ye Zhang ),( Tong Ming Yin ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.3

Experimental Investigation on Fatigue Strength of Joints between SRC Beams and Concrete-Filled RHS Columns

Qingjun Xian,Le-Wei Tong,Liying Zhou,Yiyi Chen 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.21 No.5

Fatigue behavior, failure mechanism and fatigue strength of joints between steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beams and Concrete Filled Rectangular Hollow Section (CFRHS) columns is discussed in this paper. Three identical beam-to-column joint specimens were designed and tested under static loading and two stages of fatigue loading. In the first stage of fatigue loading, the specimens were subjected to design fatigue load for 2 million cycles, while during the second stage, they were loaded to failure under increased fatigue load in order to know failure mechanism and fatigue strength. It is found that the joints satisfied design requirements when subjected to static loading and design fatigue loading. Fatigue failure occurred after these joints were applied higher-level fatigue loading. The crack initiated at the weld toe of stud or stirrup hole in the upper flange of I-shaped steel in certain SRC beam, and then it propagated along flange width in winding trajectory until fatigue fracture occurred. Stress amplitude of tension flange in SRC beam can be regarded as the parameter representing fatigue strength of the joints. S-N curves in related codes are selected to evaluate fatigue strength of the joints. The design method is suggested to consider fatigue design of the joints.

Multi-size Numerical Simulation of Bubbles on Gas-liquid Two-Phase Flow in a Centrifugal Pump

Tan Minggao,Tong Qin,Wu Xian-Fang,Shao Chen,Ma Haochen 한국유체기계학회 2023 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.16 No.4

In order to further understand the distribution and motion of gas phase in the gas-liquid two-phase flow inside a centrifugal pump, the numerical simulation on gas-liquid two-phase flow in the centrifugal pump was carried out and the CFD method was verified by experiment test. The MUSIG model was used as the multiphase flow model, coupled with the Prince-Blanch model and the Luo-Svendson model to describe the bubble breaking and coalescence process. The influence of inlet gas volume fraction and liquid flow rate on the gas-liquid two-phase flow inside centrifugal pump was investigated. The results show that the proportion of large bubbles in impeller is higher than that in volute. Large bubbles are mainly at the suction chamber inlet and impeller inlet, and small bubbles are mainly at the impeller outlet and volute outlet. From suction chamber, impeller to the volute, the average diameter of bubbles decreases in turn. With the increase of inlet gas volume fraction, the proportion of small bubbles in the pump decreases. Also, the flow pattern inside the pump gradually changes from bubble flow to gas pocket flow and the average diameter of bubbles in each flow passage component increases. With the increase of liquid flow rate, the proportion of small bubbles in the pump increases. Meanwhile, the flow pattern gradually changes from gas pocket flow to bubble flow and the average diameter of bubbles in each flow passage component decreases.

中国证券法上短线交易的法律规制

李鲜花 ( Li Xian-hua ),刘秋彤 ( Liu Qiu-tong ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2020 一鑑法學 Vol.0 No.46

자본시장의 발전에 따라 증권거래상의 부당거래행위도 증가하고 있는데, 회사 내부자의 미공개 중요정보이용행위를 규제하기 위하여 중국 증권법 상에서는 단기매매차익회수제도를 도입하고 있다. 이와 같은 제도는 증권시장의 건전한 발전과 투자자보호를 위하여 긍정적인 역할을 하고 있다. 중국 2019년 신 증권법에서는 단기매매차익회수규정에 대하여 비교적 큰 개정을 하였는데, 본 고에서는 신 증권법상의 해당 규정과 결부하여 아래와 같은 내용을 살펴보기로 한다. 첫째, 신구 증권법 상의 해당 규정을 비교하면서 단기매매차익반환의 규제대상·객체·객관요건·귀책사유 등과 결부하여 중국의 단기매매차익 회수요건에 대한 법적 및 이론적 요건들을 분석하였다. 둘째, 단기매매 차익회수권의 행사에 관한 현재 여러 가지 수익확정방식과 행사기간에 관한 주장들을 정리하고 이에 대한 저자의 주장을 제시하고 있다. 또한 이 부분에서는 중국 입법상 단기매매차익의 행사절차와 관련하여 최근의 “전국 법원 민상사재판업무회의개요” 제25조 주주대표소송의 해당 규정과 결부하여 단기매매차익회수절차에 관한 여러가지 문제점과 최근의 입법동향을 분석하고 있다. 셋째, 중국 신 증권법상 단기매매차익회수의 적용예외에 관한 규정을 살펴보았다. 2019년 신 증권법 제44조에서는 “국무원 증권감독관리기구에서 규정한 기타 상황”에 적용예외를 둔다고 처음으로 명확히 규정하였다. 이와 같은 규정은 실무 상의 요구를 반영하였고, 나중에 구체적인 규정에 두는데 전제를 마련하였다. 본 고에서는 중국의 실제 상황과 입법을 분석하고 미국의 실무경험과 입법을 참고한 기초 상에서 단기거래차익반환의 예외 규정을 구체화할 것을 제안하고 있다. 마지막으로 본 고에서는 중국의 단기거래 법적규제에 관하여 총괄적인 평가를 하고 그 중 보완할 부분과 대책을 제시하고 있다. Due to the rapid development of the capital market economy, the internal personnel of the company are often affected by various factors such as interest driven, short-term trading phenomenon occurs frequently and is extremely harmful. Countries around the world have regulated this short-term trading behavior in succession, and the securities law of China has also carried out detailed regulations. The legal regulating of the short-term trading is a kind of deterrence insider to comply with the requirements of the law is forbidden to use the means of the position and damage the interest of the company, through the way of establishing deter mechanism to the legislative purpose of maintaining a fair and just market, enhance the confidence of investors, to guard against insider trading, promote the company’s business management and construct a green financial environment. This paper tries to compare the old and new “securities law” as the Angle of view, on the short-term trading in system as the research object, first introduced the related regulation of short-term trading legislation development, clear the relevant provisions of the new “securities law” for short-term trading to make major changes, and in the existing legal system, it puts forward the elements of the identification of short-term transactions, and defines short-term transactions from the subject, object, objective elements and the principle of liability. Second through the introduction of short-term trading in right to determine the trading behavior of yield calculation and compare different calculation during exercise way to select the most suitable one, can make our short-term trading regulation to mature, is conducive to protect the interests of the company is the most basic is to protect the basic rights of a company investors, combined with a new “securities law” the relevant provisions of, again to further in the exercise of right of procedure, including the national work conference on court in civil and commercial trial summary article 25 more detailed prepositional procedure of shareholder representative litigation rules, drawn to the trial practice of unity. In 2019 the new “securities law” the 44th increased “other circumstances stipulated by the securities regulatory agency under the State Council”, reflect the need of judicial practice, for our country specific reserved space saving type is determined, at the same time in the study and analysis of relevant legal system, on the basis of using the experience of the mature market in the United States put forward the perfect our short-term trading in saving Suggestions and countermeasures. In the last part, the author makes an analysis on the system of short-term trading earnings in China, points out the deficiencies and puts forward some Suggestions to improve the law in order to look forward to a more harmonious and fair market environment.

Experimental Investigation on Fatigue Behavior of Steel Reinforced Concrete Composite Beam-to-Girder Joints

Le-Wei Tong,Qingjun Xian,Liying Zhou,Yiyi Chen,Yunfeng Zhang 한국강구조학회 2012 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.12 No.4

Fatigue behavior and failure mechanism of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beam-to-girder joints is discussed in this paper,which is intended for use in high-speed railway station structures due to their high stiffness and load capacity. Three identical SRC beam-to-girder joint specimens were designed and tested under static loading and two stages of fatigue loading. In the first stage of fatigue loading, the specimens were subjected to design fatigue load for 2 million cycles, while during the second stage, the specimens were loaded to failure under increased fatigue loading amplitude in order to know its fatigue strength and failure mechanism. The constructional details of SRC beam-to-girder joint specimen and the method of loading and testing are presented. The comparison in structural behavior of the joint is made between under static and fatigue loading. Fatigue failure characteristics of the joint are described in detail. It is found that the SRC beam-to-girder joints remained in their elastic range and the concrete surface crack did not exceed 0.1 mm when subjected to design static loading and 2 million cycles of design fatigue loading. There was no significant difference in structural behavior of each component of SRC composite beam between static and fatigue loading. Fatigue failure occurred after these joints were applied higher-level fatigue loading for another 0.70to 0.91 million cycles. Fatigue crack was initiated at the tension flange of I-shape steel of beam connected by welding to the flange of I-shape steel of girder or at the hole in tension flange of I-shape steel of beam, and then the crack propagated along flange width and web height of the I-shape steel in beam until the I-shape steel lost loading capacity due to lack of enough cross section. The fatigue behavior of constructional detail of the I-shape steel played a key role in the fatigue strength of the SRC beam-to-girder joints. Discussions on improving the fatigue strength of SRC beam-to-girder joints and future research aspects are presented finally.