중국기업의 해외직접투자에 관한 실증연구 - M&A와 그린필드투자를 중심으로-

노태우 ( Roh¸ Taewoo ) 충북대학교 산업경영연구소 2020 産業과 經營 Vol.33 No.1

중국의 해외직접투자는 계속해서 증가하고 있다. 중국은 다양한 국가와 산업에 여러 방식으로 진입하고 있는데, 중국의 해외투자 행태는 전통적인 OLI 패러다임으로 쉽게 설명하기 힘들다는 특징이 있어서 중국기업들의 투자의사결정을 분석하기 위한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 중국기업들의 해외직접투자 방식에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 피투자국가의 OECD 가입여부, 피투자산업의 종류 등으로 간주하고, 각각의 조건에 따라 중국기업들이 해외시장에 진출할 때, 어떤 진입방식을 선호하는 경향이 있는지를 알아보고자 한다. 본 연구는 American Enterprise Institute(AEI)에 의해 제공되는 China Global Investment Tracker(CGIT) 데이터를 활용하였고, 총 1406개의 표본을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였으며, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 중국기업들은 해외직접투자를 할 때, 피투자국가의 규제가 강할수록 M&A 방식의 해외직접 투자를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 피투자산업의 종류에 대해서는 서비스업인 경우 M&A를 선호하고, 제조업의 경우 그린필드 투자방식을 선택할 확률이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 경향은 2003년에서 2006년 동안 104개 국가의 OECD와 비OECD국가를 대상으로 진행된 연구에서도 유사하게 나타난 것을 확인하였다. Chinese firms’ Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) has experienced an upward trend. While Chinese firms enter different countries and industries in diverse ways, their investment tendency is hard to be explained with the traditional OLI paradigm. So, we believe that more research needs to be conducted on the decision-making process of Chinese firms to invest abroad. Thus, we considered several factors that have a different impact on Chinese firms’ decisions, such as whether a country joined OECD, what kind of industries Chinese firms invest, and many others. Also, we investigated what kind of entry modes Chinese firms prefer depending on each condition. This study was based on China Global Investment Tracker (CGIT), which is offered by The American Enterprise Institute (AEI). We extracted 1406 samples and adopted logistic regression. The results indicate that the stronger restrictions are in a country Chinese firms decide to enter, the more M&A is chosen as an entry mode. Concerning industries, Chinese service firms tend to prefer entering a foreign market by doing M&A while Chinese manufacturing firms prefer entering a foreign market by doing Green Field Investment. This tendency was similarly found in a study conducted to the number of 104 countries, OECD and Non-OECD, from 2003 through 2006.

신동엽 시의 애도 양상 연구

김태우 ( Kim¸ Tae-woo ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2020 民族文化硏究 Vol.89 No.-

이 논문은 신동엽 시에 드러난 애도 양상과 그 의미를 파악하는 데에 목적이 있다. 애도는 상실에 대한 반응으로 신동엽 시에서 당대 현실을 이해하고 수용하는 방식으로 나타난다. 또한 신동엽 시의 원천으로서 시세계를 추동하는 원동력으로 작용한다. 이에 프로이트와 데리다의 애도 이론을 원용하여 신동엽 시의 애도 양상과 의미를 파악하였다. 애도는 신동엽 시에서 비극에 대응하는 반응으로 표출되었다. 전쟁의 비극적 상황에서 애도는 통과의례로 등장하여 상실의 대상을 극복하고 상실 이후의 삶을 준비하였다. 또한 성공적인 애도 작업을 통해 상실 이후의 새로운 상황에 대응하였다. 다음으로 애도는 신동엽 시에 등장하는 혁명의 선결조건으로 선택되었다. 혁명을 위한 애도는 상실의 상태를 극복하는 것이 아니라 상실의 대상과 함께 진행되었다. 혁명으로 인해 희생당한 자들을 애도할 때 혁명은 지속성을 갖고 종국에는 완수할 수 있는 대상으로 파악한 것이다. 마지막으로 애도는 보편적 가치로서의 사랑이 지속적으로 유지되기 위해서 필수불가결한 선택으로 자리하였다. 애도는 상실의 대상을 내면화하여 소환하였다. 그리고 이를 통해 보편적 가치를 실천하였다. 이처럼 애도는 신동엽 시의 원천 의식으로 내재하며 개인적, 시대적으로 상실된 대상에 대한 미래지향적, 정신적, 보편적 가치를 실천하는 기제로 나타난다. 이렇게 신동엽 시에 드러나는 애도를 파악하는 것은 신동엽 시의 시적 태도와 그 원리를 이해하는 작업이다. The purpose of this paper is to understand the aspect of Mourning and its meaning in the poetry of Shin Dong-yup. In response to the loss of Mourning, in the poetry of Shin Dong-yup appears in a way that understanding and accepting the realities those days. Also, as source in the poetry of Shin Dong-yup action a driving force behind the poetry’s world. Thus, freud and derida’s mourning theory was apply to understand the aspect and meaning in the poetry of Shin Dong-yup. Mourning was expressed in the form of a response to tragedy in the poetry of Shin Dong-yup. In the tragic circumstances of war Mourning appeared as a rite of passage, overcoming the object of loss and preparing for life after the loss. Furthermore, through successful Mourning work, responded the new situations after the loss. The next Mourning was chosen as a prerequisite for the revolution that appeared in the poetry of Shin Dong-yup. The Mourning for the revolution was not about overcoming the state of loss, but with the object of loss. When Mourning for those who were sacrificed by the revolution, the revolution was identified as a subject that could be sustained and eventually completed. Lastly, Mourning became an indispensable choice for the continuation of love as a universal value. Mourning internalized the object of loss and summoned it. And through this, they practiced universal values. As such, mourning is inherent in the original consciousness in the poetry of Shin Dong-yup. And was appear as a mechanism for the practice of future-oriented, mental, and universal values of the object of loss. To grasp the mourning revealed in the poetry of Shin Dong-yup, is to understand the poetic attitude and principle of Shin Dong-yup’s poems.

A New Record of Palaeoagraecia lutea (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Agraeciini) in Korea

Taewoo Kim,Kang-Woon Lee 한국동물분류학회 2019 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.35 No.3

The bamboo katydid, Palaeoagraecia lutea (Matsumura et Shiraki, 1908) is newly reported in South Korea. Previously, the species was only known in Japan, but currently its occurrence is confirmed in the far southern locality of Hampyeong, Jeollanam-do province of Korean Peninsula. This katydid was collected using a light trap and sound tracing in the bamboo forest. It is regarded as a rare stenotopic species. The features of male Palaeoagraecia lutea are illustrated and discussed in terms of song characteristics, and a key is provided for the genus Palaeoagraecia. A new synonym is proposed: P. philippina (Karny, 1926)=P. globicerata (Vickery et Kevan, 1999) syn. nov.

Conditioned Media of RAW 264.7 Cells Stimulated with Phellinus linteus Extract Regulates the Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer Cells

Taewoo Kang(강태우),Hyun-Hee An(안현희),Sul-Gi Park(박슬기),Sun-Nyoung Yu(유선녕),You-Lim Hwang(황유림),Ji-Won Kim(김지원),Soon-Cheol Ahn(안순철) 한국생명과학회 2019 생명과학회지 Vol.29 No.8

전립선암은 전이성 종양 중의 하나로 치료를 위해 호르몬 요법이나 외과 적 거세 방법이 주로 수행되지만 많은 부작용을 나타내었다. 최근 많은 연구자들이 이러한 상황을 해결하기 위해 종양 미세 환경을 연구하고 있으며 그 중 면역 세포, 특히 대식세포는 종양 미세 환경의 중요한 구성요소이다. 정상적인 조건에서 대식세포는 여러 암세포에 대해 약한 종양 살균 활성을 갖으나 interferon-γ 또는 lipopolysaccharide에 의해 활성화되면, 염증성 사이토카인 및 케모카인을 분비함으로써 암세포를 직접 또는 간접적으로 사멸 시키게 된다. 본 연구에서는, 마우스 대식세포인 RAW 264.7 세포에 Phellinus linteus 추출물을 처리하여 산화질소의 방출과 pro-inflammatory cytokine들을 real-time PCR과 ELISA 방법으로 분석하였다. RAW 264.7의 조정 배지는 48시간 동안 전립선 암세포처리하여 상피간엽세포전이 관련 유전자의 발현을 측정 하였다. 그 때에 mesenchymal 관련 유전자들인 N-cadherin, snail, twist, slug 및 cadherin 11이 감소했을 뿐만 아니라 epithelial 관련 유전자인 E-cadherin은 증가하였다. 또한 암 전이 및 신생 혈관 형성에 관여하는 vimentin, ccl2 및 vegfa가 감소되었는데, 이는 EMT가 암세포의 이동과 침범에 밀접한 관련이 있기 때문이다. 따라서 Phellinus linteu에 의해 자극된 RAW 264.7 세포의 조정 배지는 인간 전립선 암세포주인 PC-3 세포의 이동과 전이를 억제하고 EMT 경로를 조절한다는 것을 나타낸다. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most metastatic tumor. Although hormone therapy or surgical castration is mostly conducted to treat PCa, it has a lot of side effects. Recently, many researchers have been exploring the tumor microenvironment to remedy these circumstances. Immune cells, especially macrophages, are an important composition of the tumor microenvironment. Under normal conditions, macrophages exhibit mild tumoricidal activity against tumors. However, once activated by interferon gamma or lipopolysaccharides, macrophages can kill cancer cells directly or indirectly by secreting cytokines and chemokines. In this study, murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were treated with Phellinus linteus extract. To analyze their pro-inflammatory phenotype, we were used several assays such as a real-time polymerase chain reaction, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent and nitric oxide assay. Prostate cancer cells were treated with the RAW 264.7-conditioned media, which was identified as a pro-inflammatory nature, for 48 h, and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes was determined. Not only N-cadherin, Snail, Twist, Slug, and Cadherin 11, which are mechenchymal-related proteins, were decrease, but epithelial marker of E-cadherin was increased. In addition, the mRNA level of vimentin, ccl2, and vegfa were decreased, as the EMT is closely related to the migration and invasion of cancer cells. In conclusion, the RAW 264.7-conditioned media stimulated with P. linteus extract inhibited migration and invasion and regulated the EMT pathway in human prostate cancer cells.

Gaps between perceived Threats to and Preparedness for cybersecurity

( Taewoo Nam ) 한국정책학회 2017 한국정책학회 동계학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

This study, using the Cybersecurity Survey data from the Pew Research Center, investigates the influences on perceived threat to and preparedness for cybersecurity as well as what creates the gap between these two perceptions regarding public infrastructure and business systems in the United States. Using ordered logistic regression analysis, the study found significant determinants of perceived threat and preparedness. Personal experience in and awareness of cybersecurity breaches increased the level of perceived cyber threat but reduced that of perceived preparedness. In contrast, confidence in organizational cybersecurity capacity, social trust, and liberalism exerted opposite influences on these two outcomes. Employing multinomial logistic regression analysis, the study investigated the unexplored relationships of various theoretical determinants with the gap between perceived threat and preparedness. The analysis results show that the influences of the determinant; differ with the type of gap. The determinants of perceived overperformance (good preparedness relative to low threat) and perceived underperformance (poor preparedness relative to high threat) are significantly different from those of perceived fair performance (matching levels of threat and preparedness].

The Intensification of Russophobia in Korea from Late Chosŏn to the Colonial Period: Focusing on the Role of Japan

( Taewoo Kim ) 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2018 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.31 No.1

According to existing research, Koreans had complex views of Russia from the late nineteenth to first half of the twentieth century. In fact, many Koreans seem to have viewed Russia with both fear and hope during this period. However, it is also true that negative images of Russia were continually and intentionally produced and spread in Korea throughout this period, contrasting with those of other nations such as the United States. This study analyzes the main agents, contents, and characteristics of the intensification of Russophobia in Korea from late Chosŏn to the Japanese colonial period. From the mid-seventeenth to early nineteenth century, Russians featured in Chosŏn records were described as weird barbarians of the Chinese border area. They were considered not as members of a totally different cultural region, the “Western World,” but low-class barbarians who needed to be reformed within the Chinese world order. However, in the late nineteenth century, as Japanese imperialists began to exaggerate the plundering involved in the Russian conquest of Siberia, Russophobia started to spread gradually within Korea. In particular, Japan actively justified its pillaging of Korea based on the logic that it was maintaining peace in East Asia by opposing the Russians, whom they portrayed as “predatory white people.” After succeeding in colonizing Korea, Japan strengthened its anti-communist and anti-Soviet propaganda following the Russian Revolution in 1917. While Japan consistently described Russia as an aggressive, impoverished, and horrible country, pro-Japanese Korean collaborators such as Yun Ch’iho, Ch’oe Namsŏn, and Yi Kwangsu reinforced such negative images through lectures and writings during the Japanese colonial period.

How Shipping Company Satisfies Shippers Through Service Quality in South Korea: The Mediation Role of Trust

Taewoo Roh,Keun-Sik Park,Yeeun Oh,Jinho Noh 한국무역학회 2021 Journal of Korea trade Vol.25 No.5

Purpose – This study aims to verify the direct causal relationship between cost competitiveness and global network competitiveness, which are the tangible service quality factors determined by the shipping company, which in turn affect the shipper’s customer satisfaction. Additionally, we empirically investigate the intangible, related service qualities determined by shipping companies, such as operational competitiveness and customer relationship quality, and how these then positively affect customer satisfaction through the formation of trust. Therefore, we examine the mediating effect of trust formation among different contractors for shipping services. Design/methodology – In order to examine the shipping company’s tangible and intangible service￾qualities perceived by the shipper on customer satisfaction and the process of trust formation between contractors, we collected valid data from 114 respondents out of 200 distributed questionnaires. The respondents consisted of domestic freight forwarders who engage with domestic and international shipping and logistics agencies. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, convergent and discriminant validities, common method bias, and PLS-SEM (partial least square-structural equation model) were analyzed using the program STATA 16. Findings – The findings of this study are as follows. First, our results showed that all hypotheses assumed in this study had statistically significant supporting evidence. Second, it was found that the mediating effect of trust was significant in affecting the quality of intangible service- qualities for customer satisfaction. Third, through supplementary analysis, we found that the global network competitiveness of domestic shipping companies will increase in importance in the future. In conclusion, the theoretical and practical implications of these findings are presented. Originality/value – This study reaffirmed the traditional causal relationship between customer satisfaction and tangible service quality. Additionally, we also contribute to the literature on the understanding of the causal relationship between trust formation and customer satisfaction through intangible interactions from a long-term perspective.

High Repair Efficiency BIRA Algorithm with a Line Fault Scheme

Taewoo Han,Woosik Jeong,Youngkyu Park,강성호 한국전자통신연구원 2010 ETRI Journal Vol.32 No.4

With the rapid increase occurring in both the capacity and density of memory products, test and repair issues have become highly challenging. Memory repair is an effective and essential methodology for improving memory yield. An SoC utilizes built-in redundancy analysis (BIRA) with built-in self-test for improving memory yield and reliability. This letter proposes a new heuristic algorithm and new hardware architecture for the BIRA scheme. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm shows near-optimal repair efficiency in combination with low area and time overheads.

Design of Falling Context-aware System based on Notification Service using Location Information and Behavior Data

TaeWoo Kwon,Daepyo Lee,Jong-Yong Lee,Kye-Dong Jung 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2018 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.10 No.3

The majority of existing falling recognition techniques provide service by recognizing only that the falling occurred. However, it is important to recognize not only the occurrence of falling but also the situation before and after the falling, as well as the location of the falling. In this paper, we design and propose the falling notification service system to recognize and provide service. This system uses the acceleration sensor of the smartphone to recognize the occurrence of a falling and the situation before and after the falling. In order to check the location of falling, GPS sensor data is used in the Google Map API to map to the map. Also, a crosswalk map converted into grid-based coordinates based on the longitude and latitude of the crosswalk is stored, and the locations before and after falling are mapped. In order to reduce the connection speed and server overload for real-time data processing, fog computing and cloud computing are designed to be distributed processing.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Inhibitor Ameliorates Inflammatory Responses and Behavioral Deficits in LRRK2 G2019S Parkinson’s Disease Model Mice

( Taewoo Kim ),( Jeha Jeon ),( Jin-sun Park ),( Yeongwon Park ),( Jooeui Kim ),( Haneul Noh ),( Hee-sun Kim ),( Hyemyung Seo ) 한국응용약물학회 2021 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.29 No.5

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMP-8), neutrophil collagenase, is a functional player in the progressive pathology of various inflammatory disorders. In this study, we administered an MMP-8 inhibitor (MMP-8i) in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S transgenic mice, to determine the effects of MMP-8i on PD pathology. We observed a significant increase of ionized calcium- binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1)-positive activated microglia in the striatum of LRRK2 G2019S mice compared to normal control mice, indicating enhanced neuro-inflammatory responses. The increased number of Iba1-positive activated microglia in LRRK2 G2019S PD mice was down-regulated by systemic administration of MMP-8i. Interestingly, this LRRK2 G2019S PD mice showed significantly reduced size of cell body area of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in SN region and MMP-8i significantly recovered cellular atrophy shown in PD model indicating distinct neuro-protective effects of MMP-8i. Furthermore, MMP-8i administration markedly improved behavioral abnormalities of motor balancing coordination in rota-rod test in LRRK2 G2019S mice. These data suggest that MMP-8i attenuates the pathological symptoms of PD through anti-inflammatory processes.